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1.
细胞周期蛋白CycD2基因是在拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）基因组中发现的，对调节细胞周期具有重要作用的调控因子。研究利用RT-PCR技术由拟南芥幼苗mRNA扩增了CycD2基因，构建了超量表达载体并对单子叶植物水稻（Oryza sativa ssp. japonica）进行了转化。对获得的转基因植株进行半定量RT-PCR分析表明，CycD2 mRNA的确能够在水稻中积累。超量表达CycD2的转基因水稻植株在发育早期生长与发育加快，表现为幼苗植株根长和株高均显著高于对照（转空载体植株），加快了水稻的生长速率。 相似文献
2.
为阐明油菜素内酯(BR)和Ca2+信号转导的关系及其在调控植物生长发育过程中的作用机理,本研究利用2D-DIGE技术结合质谱分析在水稻(Oryza sativa L.ssp.Japanica)BR不敏感突变体(d61-4)和BR合成突变体(brd1-3)中鉴定到一个与野生型水稻相比明显上调的蛋白质,通过质谱鉴定,此蛋白为一Ca2+信号转导相关蛋白(putative calmodulin,PCAM);在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中过表达PCAM后转基因株系表现为生长缓慢,植株矮小,整个植株的生长周期明显延长。在过表达PCAM转基因株系中BR信号转导关键基因SaurAC被明显下调。研究结果表明,PCAM参与到BR信号转导途径过程中,在BR调控的植物生长发育过程中起负调节作用,过表达PCAM的转基因植株是抑制BR生理作用的表型。 相似文献
3.
位于植物液泡膜的 Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白(NHX1)是将 Na+区隔化到液泡中的主要蛋白,对植物耐盐性起着极其重要的作用。NHXFS1 基因是以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、水稻(Oryza sativa)和菊花(Flos chrysanthemi)的液泡膜 Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因 AtNHX1、OsNHX1 和 DmNHX1 为模板,通过 DNA家族改组技术,对其进行体外定向分子进化获得的一个功能显著增强的新基因。本研究利用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumerfaciens)介导的叶盘法将 NHXFS1 基因转入烟草 (Nicotiana benthamiana)中,通过潮霉素抗性筛选出再生植株,经PCR 和 Southern blot 鉴定证实 NHXFS1 基因成功地整合到烟草基因组中。耐盐性测试结果显示,高盐胁迫条件下,萌发期和幼苗期的转基因烟草长势明显优于对照组,与对照组相比,转基因烟草叶片中积累了更多的脯氨酸和Na+。 RT-PCR和 Real-time PCR 结果表明,NHXFS1 基因在烟草中正常表达,盐胁迫条件下NHXFS1基因在根、茎、叶中的表达量分别上调了 1.01、0.60 和 1.79倍,跟对照组相比有明显提高(P<0.05)。研究结果提示,体外改组获得的新基因 NHXFS1 在植物耐盐基因工程和分子育种中具有较大的应用价值,同时也证明通过基因改组方法开发新基因用于改良植物耐盐性是可行的。 相似文献
4.
胁迫响应NAC转录因子参与植物非生物胁迫过程,过表达水稻(Oryza sativa)SNAC1可显著提高植株耐旱、耐冷和抗盐性。本研究同源克隆了小麦(Tricum aestivum)TaSNAC1基因(GenBank登录号No.JN621240),分析了其表达产物的亚细胞定位,并利用实时定量RT-PCR分析了其在不同组织、PEG和NaCl胁迫下的表达。该基因包含一个内含子,编码329个氨基酸残基的蛋白产物。TaSNAC1与其他禾本科植物SNAC1蛋白高度相似,其与大麦(Hordeum vulgare)、二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)、水稻、玉米(Zea mays)和高粱(Sorghum bicolor)SNAC1序列相似性依次为97.3%、86.3%、81.1%、79.1%和79.2%。TaSNAC1可能以二聚体形式存在,包含核定位信号和典型的NAM结构域,100~107位的"WKATGXDK100-107"核心基序处于一段β折叠中,其弯曲产生的凹面可能直接参与DNA结合。瞬时转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)叶肉细胞原生质体的实验表明,TaSNAC1特异定位于细胞核中。盐胁迫条件下,叶和根中TaSNAC1的表达量均升高,且表达模式相似,但根中响应更显著;PEG胁迫下,根中TaSNAC1对胁迫的响应较快且幅度较大,而叶中响应较慢且幅度较小。研究结果提示,TaSNAC1参与小麦的非生物胁迫响应过程,在耐旱、抗盐遗传改良中具有潜在应用价值。 相似文献
5.
为了解水稻甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶基因在水稻抗逆性中的作用,本研究从水稻品种日本晴中克隆了1个编码甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶的基因,命名为OsGPDH1,该基因编码的蛋白酶具有NAD(P)+结合域和脱氢酶域,且这2个结构域在植物中高度保守。构建过表达OsGPDH1基因载体转化水稻得到转基因植株,RT-qPCR分析表明,OsGPDH1基因在水稻孕穗期的叶、幼穗、茎、节、叶鞘中均有表达,说明该基因参与了水稻的生长发育过程。OsGPDH1基因也受到PEG6000、高盐、双氧水等逆境和甲基茉莉酸(mJA)、水杨酸(SA)等激素诱导表达,且诱导12h后,OsGPDH1的表达量达到最高水平,但对脱落酸(ABA)不敏感。盐胁迫下的发芽试验表明,过表达转基因水稻的发芽率高于野生型,说明OsGPDH1基因表达量的提高可增强转基因植株对盐胁迫的耐受性。对过表达OsGPDH1的转基因水稻进行苗期20%PEG6000胁迫处理后,转基因水稻的成活率显著高于野生型,说明OsGPDH1基因过表达可提高水稻苗期抗旱能力。本研究初步证明了OsGPDH1水稻抗盐胁迫和渗透胁迫的重要作用,为培育抗性转基因水稻新品种提供了新的基因资源。 相似文献
6.
为明确甜樱桃砧木脱水素基因特征及其在干旱、高盐和低温胁迫过程中的表达模式,以甜樱桃砧木Y1为材料,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了甜樱桃砧木脱水素基因Pc DHN1,利用生物信息学分析其编码蛋白特征,并采用qRT-PCR分析该基因的表达模式。序列分析显示,甜樱桃砧木脱水素基因Pc DHN1的c DNA全长893 bp,编码225个氨基酸,推测编码蛋白分子量约为23.98 k D,理论等电点为8.65。氨基酸序列分析显示,Pc DHN1含有2个Y-片段、1个S-片段和2个K-片段,具有植物脱水素蛋白的特征性结构,属于YnSK2型脱水素。表达特性分析显示,Pc DHN1在干旱、高盐和低温胁迫条件下受胁迫诱导而上调表达,但对低温胁迫响应比较迟缓,说明该基因可能参与了甜樱桃砧木对干旱和高盐胁迫的耐受调节过程。本研究结果为甜樱桃砧木抗逆基因工程提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
7.
基因枪转化MAR序列介导水稻bar基因的表达分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以水稻（Oryza sativa L.) 成熟胚愈伤组织作为水稻遗传转化受体，采用带有MAR（matrix attachment region)和不带MAR的两种植物表达质粒进行基因枪轰击转化bar基因，获得抗basta转基因水稻。分析了MAR序列介导在转基因水稻中对转基因表达的影响。研究结果表明，利用MAR序列介导bar基因表达，获得的转基因系的数量比对照提高66．7％，单块抗性愈伤组织再生植株数比对照提高27．3％，MAR序列介导bar基因表达的转基因系中，bar基因的表达水平比对照高，并且不同转基因系间bar基因表达差异比对照小。 相似文献
8.
脱水素(dehydrins,DHNs)是植物胚胎发育后期丰富蛋白(late embriogenesis abundant protein,LEA)中的一类,与低温、干旱以及盐胁迫等多种逆境反应相关.本研究采用cDNA末端快速扩增(rapidamplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术从茶树(Camellia sinensis)中获得一种茶树脱水素基因CsDHN (GenBank登录号:FJ436978),序列分析显示,该基因cDNA全长960 bp,编码201个氨基酸,推测编码蛋白质分子量约为21kD,等电点为8.3,属于Y3SK2型脱水素.CsDHN基因有2个外显子和1个内含子.生物信息学预测显示,该脱水素蛋白亲水性强、无信号肽和跨膜区,亚细胞定位于细胞质中.表达特性分析表明,CsDHN在逆境及脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)诱导下可上调其转录水平,4℃低温处理下表达量可提高4.2倍,而脱水处理能提高93.4倍,高盐处理能提高17.8倍,CsDHN对脱水、高盐胁迫的响应程度优于低温胁迫.CsDHN在茶树各组织器官中都有表达,其中种子中表达量最高,为叶片的11.2倍.研究表明脱水素基因CsDHN可能在茶树防御非生物逆境胁迫和参与茶树种子成熟脱水的活力保护过程起一定作用,为了解茶树抗逆分子机制提供了一定的理论基础. 相似文献
9.
桉树是我国南方重要用材树种,但其栽培种对低温、干旱和高盐等非生物逆境抗性弱,限制了其栽培范围的扩大和栽培效益的提高。EgrNAC1(Eucgr.I00058)是巨桉中受低温、干旱和高盐诱导表达的NAC类转录因子。为进一步研究EgrNAC1的功能,通过异源转化拟南芥,获得了超表达EgrNAC1的转基因纯合株系,并对其进行低温(-6℃)、干旱、高盐(NaCl 300 mmol·L-1 )和脱落酸(0.5 μmol·L-1)处理,分析转基因株系对非生物逆境的响应。结果表明,超表达EgrNAC1能提高拟南芥植株对低温的抗性。-6℃处理12 h,恢复5 d后,转基因株系EgrNAC1-OE1和EgrNAC1-OE8的存活率分别达到88.9%和81.5%,而野生型仅有29.6%。低温处理下,转基因株系中3个低温信号传导(CBF)途径相关的基因,AtCBF1、AtCBF2和AtRD29A的表达量相对于野生型显著上调;超表达EgrNAC1提高了转基因植株对干旱和高盐的敏感程度。同时,转基因植株相对于野生型表现出对ABA敏感性的下降。综上,EgrNAC1在巨桉低温响应中可能作为一个正向调控因子,通过参与调控CBF途径中低温响应相关基因的表达,提高植物在低温逆境下的适应性。但在干旱和高盐逆境下,EgrNAC1可能发挥负调控作用,且这种作用可能与ABA的影响有关。本研究结果为深入了解桉树EgrNAC1的功能以及开展桉树抗逆分子辅助育种提供了一定的理论参考。 相似文献
10.
α-amylase基因不仅参与植物糖代谢与生物能量的调动,而且与植物抗逆功能相关。为了克隆Bn-α-amylase基因,分析其序列及表达特征,本研究以湘苎3号苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)转录组文库中Unigene4746序列为基础,采用RT-PCR技术克隆该基因的全长编码序列,并进行生物信息学分析;利用Real-time PCR分析该基因在不同组织和不同胁迫条件下的表达特征。研究结果表明,苎麻Bn-α-amylase的编码区序列长2 295 bp,编码765个氨基酸(GenBank登录号:KF860891),推导该蛋白质的等电点和分子量分别为5.685和86.11 kD,该蛋白在羧基端含有两个保守的结构域,亚细胞定位预测显示该蛋白位于细胞质中,不存在信号肽和跨膜结构域。与苹果(Malus×domestic)、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)、蓖麻(Ricinus communis)、大豆(Glycine max)的α-amylase基因的核苷酸序列相似性分别为80%、76%、76%、73%和67%,与之编码的氨基酸序列相似性分别为68%、65%、65%、69%和51%。进化树分析表明Bn-α-amylase与大豆、葡萄、猕猴桃、蓖麻的α-amylase基因亲缘关系较近,与拟南芥、水稻、高粱的α-amylase基因亲缘关系次之,与卷柏的α-amylase基因亲缘关系较远。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,Bn-α-amylase在苎麻根、茎皮、茎木质部、茎尖、叶片中均有表达,其中,在叶中表达量最高,在根中表达量最低,且受干旱、高盐胁迫表达增强,受ABA胁迫表达降低。本研究获得了Bn-α-amylase基因的编码区序列,其编码的蛋白具有植物α-amylase典型的结构域,且该基因响应ABA、干旱和高盐逆境胁迫,提示该基因可能与苎麻抗逆境机制密切相关。 相似文献
11.
Appropriate compost standards are being considered in Canada. Five aspects of compost safety and quality are being evaluated; probably the most controversial aspect is the standards for metals in compost. In order to assist in the development of appropriate standards, the authors began an extensive research project in October, 1993 to determine the bioavailability of metals from compost and compost-metal mixtures. Swiss chard was grown in compost-amended soils or compost in a growth room using five treatments of increasing percentages of compost in the media (0, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 100 percent compost (v/v)). A Truro loamy sand and a race-track manure-biosolids compost (RTM-biosolids) supplemented with a high metal biosolids were used in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Dry matter yield, metal content in plant tissue, and total metal uptake were evaluated as well as the total and DTPA-extractable metal content in the compost-soil mixes. The results of this and five other experiments conducted by the authors will help determine whether the suggested limits for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in composts are appropriate. 相似文献
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13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):291-301
Abstract The seasonal patterns of foliage nutrient concentrations and contents were monitored for two growing seasons in an 11‐year—old Pinus el1iottii stand. In the first growing season after needle initiation, N, P, K, Mg, and Zn concentrations decreased, but this was followed by an increase in the fall and winter months. Another drop in concentration of all elements, except P, occurred in the second growing season. Decreases in total contents indicated that this drop was a result of translocation to other tissues. In contrast to the mobile elements, the concentration and fascicle contents of Ca, Mn, and Al increased with aging of the needles. Between‐tree variability was least for N, P, and Zn and the N, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn in the current foliage had consistently lower variation than that in the 1‐year‐old foliage. Between‐tree variation for K was lower in the winter than the spring. For pine foliage, recommended sampling period for N, P, Mg, and Zn is mid to late summer and for the other elements it is late fall to late winter. There are several sources of variation that influence the level of nutrients in tree foliage. The most important of these, apart from the tree nutrient status, are seasonal fluctuations, variation between trees, and age of needles . Smaller sources of variation are associated with position of the needles within the crown, diurnal changes, year to year variation, and analytical errors1,2. These variables must be studied in order to develop suitable sampling techniques and in Pinus this has been undertaken for P. banksiana 1, P. taeda 3, P. strobus 4, P. resinosa 4, P. sylvestris 5, and P. radiata 6,7. However, foliage sampling has not been studied in detail for slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem var. elliottii) and earlier studies with other pines have been largely confined to temperate or cool climates. This study reports the variation in elemental concentrations with season, age of foliage, and between slash pine trees growing in a subtropical climate in Florida. 相似文献
14.
A Gimeno 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1979,62(3):579-585
A general method is described for determining 16 mycotoxins in mixed feeds and other food products used in the manufacture of these feedstuffs. The mycotoxins are extracted and cleaned up by extracting with solvents of different pH. Thin layer chromatography is used to separate the toxins; toxins are then quantitated by the limit detection method. The minimum detectable concentration of mycotoxins in various products is: aflatoxin B1 or G1, 4--5 micrograms/kg; ochratoxin A or ethyl ester A 140--145 micrograms/kg; citrinin 600--750 micrograms/kg; zearalenone, 410--500 micrograms/kg; sterigmatocystin, 140--145 micrograms/kg; diacetoxyscirpenol, 2400--2600 micrograms/kg; T-2 toxin, 800--950 micrograms/kg; patulin, 750--800 micrograms/kg; penitrem A 14,000--14,500 micrograms/kg; penicillic acid 3400--3650 micrograms/kg. 相似文献
15.
B S Kaphalia R Takroo S Mehrotra U Nigam T D Seth 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1990,73(4):509-512
A total of 244 samples of cereals (wheat flour, rice, and maize), pulses (arhar, moong, gram, lentil, and black gram), spices (turmeric, chili, coriander, and black pepper), vegetables (potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, brinjal, and tomato), fruits (mango, guava, apple, and grape), milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils (vegetable, mustard, groundnut, and sesame) collected from different cities of Northern Province (Utter Pradesh) were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues. Residues of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) were detected in about 85% of the total samples of cereals, spices, milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils analyzed in the present study. However, the residue levels were either very small (less than 0.06 ppm) or not detected at all in pulses, vegetables, and fruits as compared with very high concentrations in wheat flour (4.42 and 0.12 ppm), butter (1.19 and 4.85 ppm), mustard oil (1.26 and 2.42 ppm), Deshi ghee (1.10 and 3.84 ppm), vegetable oil (1.02 and 0.59 ppm), groundnut oil (0.51 and 1.49 ppm), and chili (0.48 and 1.92 ppm). The levels of HCH and DDT residues detected in rice, maize, turmeric, corlander, black pepper, and all the vegetables and fruits were also lower than those found in wheat flour, oil, and fat samples analyzed in the present study. These findings suggest that a restricted and controlled use of such persistent pesticides may be useful for decreasing their contamination levels in different food items. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):751-756
Abstract The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10‐5 M) and 142 (with 10‐4 M) μg Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10‐4 M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 μg/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10‐4 M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 μg/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10‐4 M AgNO3; at 10‐5 M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 μg/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10‐5 N Cr2O7 were decreased in yield by about 25% with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr2(SO4)3 was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0. 7, and 140 and 104 μg/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements. 相似文献
17.
Nigel J.H. Smith 《Biological conservation》1981,19(3):177-187
Amazonia, the world's largest tropical rain forest, is often assumed to be a virtually untouched wilderness. The region is often referred to as a demographic void; there is on average only about one person per sq. km. Yet in response to international market forces, the hand of man has penetrated deep into the imposing forests. Since colonial times, wildlife, particularly along rivers, has been exploited on a large-scale basis for commercial purposes. This paper focuses on the effects of the trade on some aquatic animals. 相似文献
18.
Rababah TM Hettiarachchy NS Horax R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(16):5183-5186
The total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone, were determined. Grape seed and green tea were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolics of the plant extracts, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, ranged from 24.8 to 92.5 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g dry material. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts determined by conjugated diene measurement of methyl linoleate were 3.4-86.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts using chicken fat by an oxidative stability instrument (4.6-10.2 h of induction time) followed a similar trend in antioxidant activity as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Seven phenolics in grape seed and green tea extracts were identified that ranged from 15.38 to 1158.49 and 18.3 to 1087.02 mg/100 g of extract, respectively. Plant extracts such as green tea and grape seed extracts can be used to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products. 相似文献
19.
Fixation of Si, Mg, Fe, Al, Mn, Cr, Ni and Co in saprolite and laterite above serpentinite - Gebe Island, Indonesia The fixation of various major and trace elements has been studied in a saprolite/laterite profile above serpentinized peridotite. Sequential extraction of < 63 μm fraction shows different types of element fixation in soil: adsorption on mineral surfaces (1), fixation to Mn-oxides (2), bonding to poorly and better crystallized Fe-oxides (3). In the laterite, most of the extractable Si-, Al-, Cr- and Ni-contents are bound to goethitic Fe-hydroxide. The saprolite has considerable amounts of secondary quartz which has been formed during ageing of amorphous silica modifications. Their precipitation is favoured by high Si adsorption capacity of poorly crystallized Fe-hydroxide. In saprolite and laterite Co is bound to Mn-oxides. It can readily be extracted from pure Mn-oxides. In contrast, the intimate association of Mn-oxides to goethite reduces the rate of easily extractable Mn and Co in middle and upper zones of the laterite. 相似文献
20.