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1.
芳樟醇合酶(LIS)是植物香气化合物中芳樟醇合成途径的关键酶。为探究杜鹃花(Rhododendron spp.) LIS基因的功能及表达特性,解析芳樟醇的合成机理,本试验以云锦杜鹃(Rh. fortunei)为试材,利用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)技术和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆LIS基因全长cDNA序列,并应用顶空固相微萃取(SPME)与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,分析云锦杜鹃不同花期的花瓣及其他组织中LIS基因的表达水平和芳樟醇含量的变化关系。结果表明,从云锦杜鹃花苞cDNA中克隆得到RhLIS基因,含有完整的cDNA开放阅读框(ORF)序列长1 887 bp,编码628个氨基酸,与其他物种的LIS蛋白质氨基酸序列具有40%~50%的同源性;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析结果表明,在不同花期的花瓣中,云锦杜鹃RhLIS表达水平先升高后降低,在盛开期的表达量最高,雄蕊中的表达量远高于雌蕊,幼叶高于老叶,花瓣高于花蕊和叶片。检测分析花香成分中芳樟醇的释放量,结果显示在云锦杜鹃不同花期的花瓣中,芳樟醇含量变化趋势与LIS基因的表达水平相一致,在半开期达到最大值,花蕊中芳樟醇含量均远低于花瓣;云锦杜鹃LIS基因的表达量与芳樟醇含量呈高度正相关。本研究结果为杜鹃花芳香品种的培育和改良提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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克隆了猪(Sus scrota)MYL4基因的cDNA序列,并利用生物信息学方法进行验证.所得cDNA序列全长1105 bp,包含1个完整的开放阅读框,编码197个氨基酸.序列分析表明,该基因与已报道的狗(Canis lupus familiaris)、人(Homo sapiens)、黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes)和恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)等物种的MYL4基因高度同源,氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.4%、95.9%、95.4%和95.4%.该基因编码的蛋白具有EFH和FRQ1保守功能域.荧光定量分析该基因在猪胚胎骨骼肌(妊娠33、65和90d)中的表达,发现MYL4基因在通城猪和长白猪中呈波浪式表达模式,在妊娠第33天时中外猪品种间无显著差异,但在第65和90天时长白猪中显著高于通城猪. 相似文献
4.
油菜叶片衰老相关基因的分离细胞色素P450 cDNA的克隆和序列分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过绿叶和衰老叶片cDNA的缩减杂交和差别筛选,富集并分离了缩减cDNA文库中与油菜叶片衰老有关的基因片段.以目的基因片段为探针,通过筛选油菜衰老叶片的cDNA文库,分离了油菜叶片衰老阶段表达增强的全长cDNA LSC46.DNA序列分析结果表明,LSC46可读框架全长由1509个碱基组成,可以编码503个氨基酸残基,它的核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列与拟南芥菜依赖于单加氧酶的细胞色素P450的相应序列相比,分别有84.23%和83.50%的同源性. 相似文献
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克隆了猪MYL4基因的cDNA序列,并利用生物信息学方法进行验证。所得cDNA序列全长1105bp,包含一个完整的开放阅读框,编码197个氨基酸。序列分析表明,该基因与已报道的狗、人、黑猩猩和恒河猴等物种的MYL4基因高度同源,氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.4%、95.9%、95.4%和95.4%。该基因编码的蛋白具有EFH和FRQ1保守功能域。荧光定量分析该基因在猪胚胎骨骼肌（妊娠33 、65 和90 天）中的表达规律,发现MYL4基因在通城猪和长白猪中呈波浪式表达模式,在妊娠第33 天时中外猪品种间无显著差异,但在65 和90 天时长白猪中显著高于通城猪。 相似文献
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在前期已克隆得到的早酥梨(Pyrus bretschneideri cv.Zaosu)抗病基因同源类似物Pb-Zs3(GenBank登录号:EU939783)的基础上,通过RT-PCR获得Pb-Zs3的cDNA序列,并利用RACE技术获得该基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为早酥梨抗黑星病相关基因(Vnp1),提交至GenBank(GenBank登录号:FJ763188).生物信息学分析表明,早酥梨Vnp1基因的全长cDNA序列为1200 bp,包含一个完整的921 bp的开放读码框架(ORF),编码306个氨基酸残基,预测其分子质量为34.6 kD.同时,该基因含有与抗病相关的功能结构域核酸结合位点(NB-ARC),同源性比对显示其与苹果黑星病菌(Venturia inaequails)诱导后的苹果EST序列ABEA004598(GenBank登录号:EB150292)同源性达71%.对早酥梨Vnp1基因进行半定量RT-PCR研究的结果表明,该基因在梨黑星病菌(Venturia nashicola)诱导后216 h内的叶片中的表达水平呈明显上升趋势. 相似文献
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甘蔗锌指蛋白基因的克隆和表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)叶片全长cDNA文库测序的基础上,获得1个编码锌指蛋白基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为Sc-zf.生物信息学分析表明,该基因全长1 189 bp,编码171个氨基酸,具有zf-A20和zf-AN1两个锌指结构域;构建了包含Sc-zf开放读码框的原核表达载体,经IPTG诱导,目的基因原核表达产物大小约为18.3 kD;经定量PCR技术分析,该基因在黑穗病菌(Ustilago scitaminea)、水杨酸(SA)、H2O2、NaCl和PEG胁迫下表达特性不同,受到黑穗病菌和NaCl的诱导,PEG的抑制,但也受SA和H2O2的影响. 相似文献
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花青素合成酶（ANS）是植物花青素合成途径中的关键酶。为探究比利时杜鹃花（Rhododendron hybridum Hort.）ANS基因的功能及表达特性,本研究以比利时杜鹃花不同发育时期花瓣及盛花期的根、茎、叶为试验材料,利用反转录（RT-PCR）和RACE技术克隆RhANS基因cDNA序列;利用超高效液相色谱质谱（Waters UPLC-Qtof）技术分析比利时杜鹃花不同发育阶段花瓣中花青素含量;利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析比利时杜鹃花不同发育阶段花瓣和不同器官中ANS基因相对表达量;将RhANS基因重组到原核表达载体（pET-28a）上,并在大肠杆菌（BL21）中进行表达纯化出目的蛋白,并利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测目的蛋白RhANS的酶活性。结果表明,从比利时杜鹃花克隆得到RhANS基因cDNA全长序列1 350 bp,开放阅读框（ORF）序列1 074 bp,编码357个氨基酸,含有2-酮戊二酸双加氧酶家族基因结构域2OG-FeⅡ-Oxy;比利时杜鹃花花青素含量随着花的开放呈逐渐上升的变化趋势;RhANS基因表达量在比利时杜鹃花4个花期的花瓣和不同器官（... 相似文献
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脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)是植物十八碳酸代谢途径的关键酶,与种子老化密切相关.洋葱(Allium cepa)种子为短寿命种子.研究LOX基因与洋葱种子发育及老化的关系具有重要的意义.本研究以洋葱授粉后的子房和种子为材料,利用RT-PCR结合快速克隆cDNA末端(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术,获得AcLOX1 (GenBank登录号:KU363822)基因全长.用生物信息学方法对其基因序列特征进行分析;利用RT-PCR和qRT-PCR分析AcLOX1在洋葱不同部位、种子发育过程以及种子储存过程中的表达模式.结果表明,该基因全长为2 847 bp,包含一个2 619 bp的开放阅读框,编码873个氨基酸.氨基酸序列分析表明,AcLOX1具有PLAT_LH2 (polycystin-1,lipoxygenase,alpha-toxin_lipoxygenase homology)和LOX两种结构域;与桉树(Eucalyptus grandis)、杏(Prunus dulcis)、葡萄(Vitis vinifera)等物种的LOX基因氨基酸序列同源性高达66％～73％.系统进化树分析表明,AcLOX1与其他物种的9-LOX聚在一起.时空表达模式表明,AcLOX1基因在洋葱各组织中均有表达,在授粉后5～25 d随着时间增长其表达量增加,但在授粉后25 d到成熟及储存一年的种子中少量持续表达.本实验初步证实了AcLOX1对洋葱种子发育具有促进作用且与种子老化相关联,为阐明洋葱种子短寿命的作用机制提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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FWE是植物自主开花途径中的关键基因,主要通过抑制FLC的表达来调控花发育过程。本研究利用粉菠萝似echmeafasciata）茎尖组织转录组序列数据,通过RACE技术克隆获得了粉菠萝中n,E同源基因A毋yE的cDNA全长序列。该序列全长为1672bp,开放阅读框为1404bp,编码由468个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白,该蛋白序列中含有6个保守的WD重复区域。氨基酸序列比对结果表明,4椰E基因编码的氨基酸序列与其它物种中WE的同源序列具有较高的相似性。qRT—PCR（实时荧光定量PCR）分析结果显示,粉菠萝中A椰E基因对外源乙烯的刺激产生了应答。在采用乙烯利灌心处理不同时间的过程中,发现A删E基因的转录水平均在处理后1d时达到最大,推测A椰E可能参与乙烯信号反应,该基因在粉菠萝自主开花途径中的调节作用可能受乙烯影响。 相似文献
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中国华北地区近40年物候春季变化 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
根据华北地区7个观测站物候资料,分析了华北地区1963-1996年及北京1963-2005年物候春季的变化特征及其与气温的关系。结果表明:华北地区的物候春季有明显提早来临的趋势,而造成这一变化的主要因素是本地区近40 a来冬春季气温的明显上升。其中1963-1996年间华北地区1-3月及4月的平均气温分别上升了2.3℃与1.7℃,物候春季起止日期分别提前了9d和4d,因而使得春季长度也延长了5d;北京1963-2003年间1-3月及4月的平均气温分别上升了3.5℃与2.6℃,物候春季的起止日期分别提前了11d和10d,但春季长度没有明显变化。 相似文献
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Sediment denitrification in waterways in a rice-paddy-dominated watershed in eastern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaobo Li Yongqiu Xia Yuefei Li Todd M. Kana Sonoko D. Kimura Masanori Saito Xiaoyuan Yan 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(4):783-792
Purpose
Rice-paddy-dominated watersheds in eastern China are intensively cultivated, and lands with two crops receive as much as 550–600 kg?ha–1?year–1 of nitrogen (N), mainly through the addition of N-based fertilizers. However, stream N concentrations have been found to be relatively low. Waterways in the watersheds are assumed to be effective “sinks” for N, minimizing its downstream movement. We directly measured net sediment denitrification rates in three types of waterways (ponds, streams/rivers, and a reservoir) and determined the key factors that control net sediment denitrification. Such information is essential for evaluating the impact of the agricultural N cycle on the quality of surface water.Materials and methods
The pond–stream–reservoir continuum was sampled every 2 months at nine sites in an agricultural watershed between November 2010 and December 2011. Net sediment N2 fluxes/net sediment denitrification rates were determined by membrane inlet mass spectrometry and the N2/Ar technique. A suite of parameters known to influence denitrification were also measured.Results and discussion
Net denitrification rates ranged between 28.2?±?18.2 and 674.3?±?314.5 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the streams, 23.7?±?23.9 and 121.2?±?38.7 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the ponds, and 41.8?±?17.7 and 239.3?±?49.8 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the reservoir. The mean net denitrification rate of the stream sites (173.2?±?248.4 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1) was significantly higher (p?<?0.001) than that of the pond sites (48.3?±?44.5 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1), and the three types of waterways all had significantly higher (p?<?0.01) mean net denitrification rates in summer than in other seasons. Linear regression and linear mixed effect model analysis showed that nitrate (NO3 ?–N) concentration in surface water was the primary controlling factor for net sediment denitrification, followed by water temperature. Using monitoring data on NO3 ?–N concentrations and temperature of the surface water of waterways and an established linear mixed effect model, total N removed through net sediment denitrification in the pond–stream–reservoir continuum was estimated at 46.8?±?24.0 t?year–1 from July 2007 to June 2009, which was comparable with earlier estimates based on the mass balance method (34.3?±?12.7 t?year–1), and accounted for 83.4 % of the total aquatic N. However, the total aquatic N was only 4.4 % of the total N input to the watershed, and thus most of the surplus N in the watershed was likely to be either denitrified or stored in soil.Conclusions
High doses of N in a rice-paddy-dominated watershed did not lead to high stream N concentrations due to limited input of N into waterways and the high efficiency of waterways in removing N through denitrification. 相似文献13.
天津半干旱地区不同种植年限菜田土壤微生物变化特征的研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
对天津周边半干旱地区不同种植年限的菜田土壤微生物状况调查研究表明 ,该地区土壤微生物以细菌为主 ,夏季微生物总量大大高于冬季 ;随着种菜年限的增加 ,耕层和亚耕层微生物总量都有增加趋势 ,其中细菌和放线菌增加明显 ,真菌有下降趋势 ;真菌类群分析表明 ,少数纤维素分解菌 ,如青霉 (Penicillium)、木霉 (Trichoderma)等为优势菌 ,而糖和木质素分解菌仅占少数。用尖孢镰刀霉 (Fusariumuoxysporum)、大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli)接种不同种菜年限土壤 ,检测土壤拮抗菌状况发现 ,拮抗菌仅在种植年限长的老菜田的放线菌中发现。表明北方半干旱地区菜田土壤细菌为优势菌 ,主要存在于土壤微孔隙中 ;而适于生活在土壤疏松大孔隙中的真菌数量极少。应注意土壤结构的改良 ,为丰富土壤微生物提供良好的生态环境 相似文献
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天津半干旱地区不同种植年限菜田土壤微生物变化特征的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对天津周边半干旱地区不同种植年限的菜田土壤微生物状况调查研究表明 ,该地区土壤微生物以细菌为主 ,夏季微生物总量大大高于冬季 ;随着种菜年限的增加 ,耕层和亚耕层微生物总量都有增加趋势 ,其中细菌和放线菌增加明显 ,真菌有下降趋势 ;真菌类群分析表明 ,少数纤维素分解菌 ,如青霉 (Penicillium)、木霉 (Trichoderma)等为优势菌 ,而糖和木质素分解菌仅占少数。用尖孢镰刀霉 (Fusariumuoxysporum)、大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli)接种不同种菜年限土壤 ,检测土壤拮抗菌状况发现 ,拮抗菌仅在种植年限长的老菜田的放线菌中发现。表明北方半干旱地区菜田土壤细菌为优势菌 ,主要存在于土壤微孔隙中 ;而适于生活在土壤疏松大孔隙中的真菌数量极少。应注意土壤结构的改良 ,为丰富土壤微生物提供良好的生态环境 相似文献
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Phytoremediation is an emerging technology based on the use of green plants to remove, contain, inactivate or destroy harmful
environmental pollutants. Recent developments in Europe and the USA show that the approach is somewhat different on both sides
of the Atlantic. In Europe, phytoremediation has more basically been research driven and, based on the outcomes, applications
have been envisaged. By contrast, the approach in the USA is more application and experience driven. In spite of a growing
track record of commercial success, more demonstration projects are needed to prove that phytoremediation is effective in
order to rigorously measure its underlying economics, and to expand its applications. More fundamental research is also required
to better understand the complex interactions between pollutants, soil, plant roots and micro-organisms at the rhizosphere
level, to increase the bioavailability of pollutants, to fully exploit the metabolic diversity of plants and, thus, to successfully
implement this new green technology. 相似文献
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Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Epiphytic lichens were sampled in a Dutch national monitoring survey, which was carried out twice within 5 yr. The samples were analyzed by neutron activation... 相似文献
18.
Howard B. Ross 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,36(3-4):349-363
Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in atmospheric precipitation have been routinely monitored in Sweden since the autumn of 1983. Concentrations are highest in southern Sweden and decrease northward. It is postulated that the long range transport of anthropogenic pollutants from the rest of Europe is the major source of Cd, Pb, and Zn in precipitation. Evidence for this hypothesis is that enrichment factors indicate anthropogenic origin, and Swedish atmospheric emissions of Zn and Cd are 2 to 3 times smaller than deposition fluxes. Also, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations are correlated in both space and time and are also well correlated with exSO4 +, a substance known to be of anthropogenic origin transported long distances. 相似文献
19.
不同种植模式下菜地土壤腐殖质组分特性的动态变化 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过在南京普朗克有机农场开展的9年长期定位监测,研究了有机(露地和大棚)和常规种植模式下蔬菜地耕层土壤有机碳和土壤腐殖质组分特性的动态变化。结果表明,有机露地、有机大棚和常规露地种植土壤有机碳含量分别从11.41、9.29、9.00 g k g-1提高至15.35、20.90、10.00 g kg-1;胡敏酸碳(CHA)分别从1.79、1.23、1.14 g kg-1提高至2.11、3.11、1.31 g kg-1;富里酸碳(CFA)分别从2.19、1.88、1.73 g kg-1提高至2.44、2.68、1.91 g kg-1。两种有机种植模式的土壤有机碳及腐殖质组分含量增加达到显著水平,而常规种植模式下的变化不显著。两种有机种植模式下表征土壤腐殖质品质的胡/富比(CHA/CFA)、胡敏酸占总腐殖物质的比例(PQ值)均高于常规种植模式,土壤富里酸的E4/E6值、色调系数(ΔlogK)值随着种植时间增加的幅度较常规种植模式更大,土壤胡敏酸芳化度呈现先降低后增高的趋势,但在常规种植下变化不明显。说明土壤在长期有机种植模式下不仅更有利于土壤有机碳的积累,而且能促进土壤腐殖化进程。 相似文献
20.
Jenny Sundberg Per-Erik Karlsson Linda Schenk Hâkan Pleijel 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,173(1-4):339-354
Ozone (O3) concentration and air temperature/relative humidity were monitored using diffusive samplers (weekly, 3 m above ground) and Tinytag loggers (10 min sampling, 1 m above ground, self-ventilating radiation shields), respectively, in the forested landscape of south-west Sweden, 40 km north-east of Gothenburg. Two forest sites were included, one at a hilltop (175 m a.s.l.), and one in a nearby (～1 km) valley (110 m a.s.l.). In addition, a valley site (～3 km from the forest sites, 60 m a.s.l.) in an agricultural landscape was included, where ozone was measured using both a UV-based monitor and diffusive sampling. At the agricultural site measurements of temperature and relative humidity were made using a radiation shield with forced ventilation and with Tinytags, as on the forest sites, in addition to observations of wind speed and the vertical temperature gradient. Furthermore, comparison with O3 concentrations at urban and coastal sites in the region was made. The temperature dependent, systematic error of using a self-ventilating radiation shield was estimated and corrected for. It was found that the elevated forested site experienced higher O3 concentrations and lower evening cooling rates in calm situations as compared to the forest site in the valley and in particular as compared to the agricultural site. This can be explained by a stronger coupling with the planetary boundary layer at the elevated site and more pronounced night-inversions at the valley sites. The difference in weekly O3 concentration between the two forested sites was correlated with the difference in average minimum night-time temperature. The coastal site had the highest ozone concentrations, related largely, but not fully, to higher night-time O3 concentrations. The urban site showed a depression in O3 concentration associated with the combination of large NO emissions and slow air mixing during the morning traffic rush hours. 相似文献