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1.
近50年玛纳斯河流域径流变化规律研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
玛纳斯河流域上游山区形成的径流是供给中下游平原区和玛纳斯绿洲的重要水源.文中利用玛纳斯河上游2个水文站和4个雨量站1956~2006年系列径流和降水资料,利用多种指标和小波分析法分析径流年内、年际变化特征.结果表明:玛纳斯河上游流域径流年内分配不均匀,主要集中在6~8月份,占多年平均流量的66.9%~70.3%;径流年...  相似文献   

2.
利用树轮重建玛纳斯河流域过去289 a降水变化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用采自天山北坡中部玛纳斯河流域的树轮样本,建立了玛纳斯河流域合成的区域标准化年表。树轮-气候响应分析表明,玛纳斯河流域树木径向生长的主要限制性因子是上年7月至当年6月降水量。进一步利用该年表重建了玛纳斯河流域过去289 a的降水变化。历史降水变化特征分析表明,过去289 a的降水经历6干6湿的阶段变化,并存在着1810、1823、1824、1885、1910、1944、1945年和1977年8个干旱年;具有2.0~2.4 a、3.3~3.8 a、17.4 a、48.0 a和64.0 a变化准周期,并在1780年前后发生了由少到多的突变,在1807年前后与1830年前后发生了由多到少的突变;重建的过去289 a玛纳斯河流域降水变化与天山山区历史气候变化序列有较好的一致性,并且能够代表新疆北部和中亚大部分区域历史降水变化。  相似文献   

3.
近60 a来,黄河流域的气候发生了明显的改变,对流域地表水文、生态等过程产生了显著影响。利用1961—2018年黄河流域气象站观测的降水资料,分析了近60 a黄河流域降水时空变化特征,在此基础上,利用CMIP6模式中SSP245情景下未来30 a(2018—2047年)的预估结果,结合基于周期叠加的统计预估方法,对未来30 a黄河流域降水的可能变化趋势进行了预估。结果表明:黄河流域降水存在明显的年内、年际和年代际变化特征,显著振荡周期为2~4 a。在整个流域上,年和季节降水在年际尺度上表现出同位相变化特征,而年际变化异常显著区域不同。黄河流域年降水量的变率受季节降水的调制,夏季的降水多而呈现出强烈的区域性,而冬季降水少且全流域变化差异较小;黄河源区的降水在年内和年际尺度上都具有很好的稳定性;流域内受夏季风活动影响区域内的降水减少,受冬季风影响区域内的降水增加。黄河源区过去60 a的年降水表现出20.96 mm·(10a)-1的增加趋势;预计未来30 a,年降水将以11.53~17.62 mm·(10a)-1的速率继续增加;河套地区的年降水在过...  相似文献   

4.
近50年青海降水时空格局变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用青海省32个气象站1961-2010年逐月降水资料,结合线性倾向估计、距平分析和Mann-Kendall检验对降水量年际、月际分布及变化趋势进行分析,进而依据功率谱和GIS方法揭示该区降水量的振荡周期和空间格局。结果表明:50年来,青海年降水量总体上呈现小幅增加趋势,线性倾向率为3.3mm/(10a);年内降水主要集中在5-9月,占全年的86.1%,月际正负距平变化相对较大;年代际降水变化阶段性明显,特别是21世纪以来增加态势显著;Mann-Kendall检验表明近20年年降水量和四季降水量(除冬季),均呈增加趋势;青海降水量空间格局基本呈东多西少、南多北少形势,且该区大部分降水量线性倾向率大于1.5mm/(10a);功率谱分析则显示该区降水振荡周期为准2a和3-4a。  相似文献   

5.
近45年山西省降水变化特征   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6  
利用山西省108个地面气象站1961-2005年降水量资料,研究了近45年来山西省降水变化.结果表明:东亚季风对处于季风边缘带山西省年降水量空间分布的影响十分明显,进一步分析夏季降水,发现了更为精细的山西省季风边缘带;1964年和1965年仍然是山西省降水量最多和最少的年份;年降水量的下降趋势十分显著,下降最显著的地区出现在阳泉以西的喇叭型中部区域内;20世纪70年代末发生了降水突变,北太平洋海温导致东亚季风的年代际变化是山西降水突变的可能原因;降水存在准3年、准6~7年的年际和准11年、准16年的年代际周期振荡.  相似文献   

6.
近60年来玛纳斯河流域气候时空变化趋势分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本研究以中亚典型冰川融化区玛纳斯河流域为例,研究玛纳斯河流域近60 a气候变化趋势,分析玛纳斯河流域上中下游气温及降水空间变化格局,运用墨西哥帽小波函数法对玛纳斯河流域气温及降水的周期规律进行分析。结果表明,近60 a来,玛纳斯河流域经历了一个增温趋湿的过程,气温、降水量的增加幅度分别为0.44℃/10a、11.6 mm/10a;在空间分布上,玛纳斯河流域气温增温幅度由上游到下游逐渐升高。年降水则呈现由上游到下游逐渐降低的相反趋势;玛纳斯河流域年平均气温有着明显的9 a周期震荡,并且年平均气温在未来一段时间将表现为增加趋势;全年降水存在明显的6 a周期震荡,同时年降水在未来的一段时间表现为丰水期。研究结果对研究干旱区区域尺度气候变化规律有一定借鉴意义。  相似文献   

7.
汾河流域50年降水量时空变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
运用线性倾向估计的方法,利用汾河流域1957~2006年逐月观测的降水资料,分析了汾河流域降水量的时空分布规律和长期变化趋势。结果表明:近50年来,汾河流域降水量年内分配不均、年际变化小,总趋势以21.49mm/10a的变化率减少,特别是20世纪90年代以来降水明显减少,这种减少主要是由夏季降水量减少所引起的,变化率为-9.04mm/10a,而在春、秋两季降水量则呈现出增加的趋势,变化率分别为8.36mm/10a和2.28mm/10a;空间分布表明该区域降水量的地理分布不均,南北梯度大,东西差异小,有阶段性和周期性比较明显等特点。  相似文献   

8.
气候变化叠加上其它的自然驱动力和人类活动力,必将对区域脆弱的生态系统结构和功能产生重要影响。利用1961~2010年皇甫川流域气候数据、准格尔旗统计年鉴数据,采用数理统计方法和NPP计算模型,分析流域降水、气温特征及其生态效应。结果表明:1961~2010年流域降水、气温的季节和年际波动明显;降水年际变化趋势不明显,而年平均气温上升趋势明显;主要受降水量年际波动影响,流域NPP和农业生态系统生产功能均表现出明显的年际波动变化;NPP变化趋势不明显,而农业生态系统作为自然-社会-经济复合系统,其粮食生产增长趋势明显,但气候暖干化可能会带来农业气象灾害。此外,流域气候波动性大、稳定性差,加剧了土地荒漠化。因此,在皇甫川流域生态建设、环境治理中,要综合采取工程措施、生物措施和农业措施,将气候变化造成的不利影响降低到最低限度。  相似文献   

9.
基于开都河流域巴音布鲁克气象站和大山口水文站1960-2007年的逐月降水和径流数据,文中通过采用集中度与集中期为量化指标,对开都河流域降水和径流的年内分配变化以及两者变化的同步性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)不同年代降水与径流年内分配各自具有明显的差异,80年代夏季降水量与夏季径流量显著偏小,而2000-2007年却显著偏大,同时这时期年径流量显著增多、最大径流量出现时间较其他年代有所推迟;(2)近48年来,降水量和径流量的集中度都有缓慢的下降趋势,两者的年际变化有很好的同步性。降水量和径流量的集中期有微弱的上升趋势,但它们的同步性较差;(3)不同年代冬季降水量与同期径流量变化是不同步的,而年内其他季节,径流量分配过程主要依赖于降水量变化,降水和径流峰值表现出了很强的同步性。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究呼图壁河径流过程对气候变化的响应,文中对石门水文站和呼图壁县气象局1978~2011年日径流、降水、温度数据进行了统计分析,采用Mann-Kendall法对年天然径流进行了突变趋势检验,并将变点前后的径流量与流域气温、降水进行相关性分析,得出:(1)年径流量在1987年发生突变,变点前呈下降趋势,变点后呈上升趋势,其中1998~ 2004年上升显著.(2)变点后径流量年际变幅增大、枯水年变少;径流量年内变化不均匀、变幅大.(3)温度、降水与径流量均呈正相关,相关系数均在0.58以上,且温度对径流变化的贡献率更大,这说明高山冰雪融水是呼图壁河的主要补给方式,随着高山区冰雪储量的减少,呼图壁河的生态安全将会受到很大威胁.  相似文献   

11.
玛纳斯河流域绿洲区气候变化特征分析与预测   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用1964~2007年玛纳斯河流域绿洲区5个气象台站逐月气温、降水数据,建立玛河流域绿洲区年均气温、降水序列,利用一元线性回归、Mann-Kendall等方法分析研究区44年来气温、降水的变化特征.并利用均生函数预测模型对研究区未来5年气温、降水变化进行预测.结果表明:1)玛河流域绿洲区近44a来气温呈显著上升趋势,...  相似文献   

12.
Owing to global climatic changes and human activities,the lakes have changed dramatically in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang in recent 50 years. Based on the remote sensing images from Beijing Satellite No.1 in 2006 together with the measured topographical data in 1999 and other data since the 1950s,this paper analyzes mainly the features of landforms around the Manas Lake and the changes of feeding sources of the lake. The results are as follows:(1) Tectonic movement brought about the fundamental geomorphological basis for lacustrine evolution,and the Manas Lake is one of small lakes broken up from the Old Manas Lake due to tectonic movement and drought climate; the Manas Lake had existed before the Manas River flowed into it in 1915. The geomorphologic evidences for evolution of the Manas Lake include:(a) Diluvial fans and old channels at the north of the lake indicate that the rivers originating from the north mountains of the Junggar Basin had fed the Old Manas Lake and now still feed the lake as seasonal rivers; (b) The Old Manas Lake was fed by many rivers originating from the mountains,except for the Manas River,from the evidence of small lakes around the Manas Lake,old channels,alluvial fans,etc.; (c) The elevations of the alluvial and diluvial fans are near to the 280 m a.s.l. and all of the small lakes and lacustrine plains are within the range of the 280 m a.s.l.,which may prove that the elevation of the Old Manas Lake was about 280 m a.s.l.; (d) Core analysis of the Manas Lake area also indicates that the Manas Lake has existed since Late Pleistocene epoch. (2) Analysis on the feeding relations between the lakes and the lacustrine evolution shows that human activities are one of main driving forces of the lacustrine evolution in recent 50 years,and it is the precondition of restoring and maintaining the lacutrine wetlands in the study area to satisfy the feeding of the Baiyang and Manas rivers to the Manas Lake.  相似文献   

13.
全球气候变化对于农业生产活动和生态环境保护有着深刻的影响。本文用时间序列分析中的距平曲线和短期预测方法分析了泾河流域内14个气象站点1960~1999(1971-2000)年气温和降水量的变化趋势,并用简单气候偏差指数计算了逐年的降水量变差;同时用变异系数计算了14个站点1960~1999(1971-2000)年的降水量年际变差。结果表明:近40年来14个站点的年均温度呈现明显的上升趋势,平均增温0.7℃略高,年平均增温率为0.0225℃/a;年降水量呈现微弱的减少趋势,但是波动幅度和变异系数都在增加,降水量年际间偏差呈现先减少后又增加的趋势。年内气候变化的趋势变化表现为:冬季温度升高;春季、夏季降水量占全年的百分比有显著增加趋势,而秋季降水所占的百分比显著减少。最后分析了全球变化背景下泾河流域近40年来气候出现的这种暖干化趋势对流域农业生产和生态环境的可能影响,可为相关部门调整农业结构、种植结构,优化种植模式等决策提供指导。  相似文献   

14.
Water is the important resource to guarantee the existence and development of oases in arid areas. To improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in Manas River Basin, this paper investigated the trends and periods of runoff based on the runoff and climate data for the past 50 years. Subsequently, with the socioeconomic and water resources data, we studied a comprehensive evaluation on the water security in this area. The results indicated that the stream flows in the three hydrological stations of Hongshanzui, Kensiwat and Bajiahu have significantly increased and undergone abrupt changes, with periods of 18 and 20 years. According to assessment, water security in the Manas River Basin was at an unsafe level in 2008. In criterion layer, the ecological security index and the index of supply-demand situation are both at the relatively secure level; the quantity index and socioeconomic index of water resources are at the unsafe level and basic security level, respectively. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable economic and social development within the Manas River Basin, it is vital to take a series of effective measures to improve the status of water security.  相似文献   

15.
Temperature and precipitation play an important role in the distribution of intra-annual runoff by influencing the timing and contribution of different water sources.In the northern and southern slopes of the Middle Tianshan Mountains in China,the water sources of rivers are similar;however,the proportion and dominance of water sources contributing to runoff are different.Using the Manas River watershed in the northern slope and the Kaidu River watershed in the southern slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains as case studies,we investigated the changes in annual runoff under climate change.A modified hydrological model was used to simulate runoff in the Kaidu River and Manas River watersheds.The results indicated that runoff was sensitive to precipitation variation in the southern slope and to temperature variation in the northern slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains.Variations in temperature and precipitation substantially influence annual and seasonal runoff.An increase in temperature did not influence the volume of spring runoff;but it resulted in earlier spring peaks with higher levels of peak flow.Damages caused by spring peak flow from both slopes of the Middle Tianshan Mountains should be given more attention in future studies.  相似文献   

16.
黄河源区是气候变化敏感区及生态环境脆弱区,也是黄河的主要产流区,其气候变化问题备受关注。利用黄河源区均一化气温和降水观测数据,系统分析了近60 a黄河源区平均气候与极端气候事件的变化特征。结果表明:1960—2019年黄河源区年平均气温、平均最高及最低气温表现出增温趋势的一致性,且源区东部增温幅度高于西部;黄河源区年均气温在2000年前后发生突变转折,转折后升温速率达0.61℃·(10a)-1,高于1960—2019年的增温率0.37℃·(10a)-1。1960—2019年黄河源区年降水量总体呈微弱增加趋势[7.6 mm·(10a)-1],2003年后进入降水偏多阶段,近10 a(2010—2019年)源区平均年降水量达到610 mm;春、夏、冬季降水增多,秋季降水减少;其中源区东部夏、秋季降水减少明显,阶段性干旱风险加剧。近10 a源区平均气温、降水量均为60 a来最高值,总体处于最暖湿阶段。受持续暖湿化影响,1960—2019年黄河源区平均极端气温阈值呈显著的增大趋势,而霜冻日数减少;年最大3日降水量和强降水日数增多,降水强度增大,其中尤以夏季最为显著,对源区生态保护和水资源利用乃至黄河全流域高质量发展均可能带来风险挑战。  相似文献   

17.
黄河源地区植被净初级生产力对气候变化的响应   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
基于黄河源区1959—2008年月平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、降水量、风速和日照百分率等气候要素资料,应用修订的Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算了50 a植被净初级生产力(NPP),分析其年际和年代际变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:1959—2008年间,研究区年NPP变化呈显著上升趋势,NPP变化曲线线性拟合倾向率在95.502~190.72 kg/(hm2.10a)之间,20世纪90年代后NPP较高。20世纪70年代表现为"冷干型"气候特征,NPP距平百分率偏少1.1%~2.1%;2001—2008年均为"暖湿型"气候特征,NPP距平百分率偏多2.1%~4.5%。影响黄河源区NPP变化的主要气候因子是降水量、最大蒸散量和平均最低气温。"暖湿型"气候对植被净生产力增加最有利,黄河源区NPP可增加5.5%~8.5%。而"冷干型"气候造成植被净生产力下降5%~9%。若2050年在"暖湿型"气候情景下,黄河源区未来NPP较多年平均值增加7%~17%。  相似文献   

18.
Climate warming will cause differences in precipitation distribution and changes in hydrological cycle both at regional and global scales. Arid lands of Central Asia(ALCA), one of the largest arid regions at the middle latitudes in the world, is likely to be strongly influenced by climate warming. Understanding the precipitation variations in the past is an important prerequisite for predicting future precipitation trends and thus managing regional water resources in such an arid region. In this study, we used run theory, displacement, extreme deviation theory, precipitation concentration index(PCI), Mann-Kendall rank correlation and climatic trend coefficient methods to analyze the precipitation in wet and dry years, changes in precipitation over multiple-time scales, variability of precipitation and its rate of change based on the monthly precipitation data during 1950–2000 from 344 meteorological stations in the ALCA. The occurrence probability of a single year with abundant precipitation was higher than that of a single year with less precipitation. The average duration of extreme drought in the entire area was 5 years, with an average annual water deficit of 34.6 mm(accounting for 11.2% of the average annual precipitation over the duration). The occurrence probability of a single wet year was slightly higher than that of a single dry year. The occurrence probability of more than 5 consecutive wet years was 5.8%, while the occurrence probability of more than 5 consecutive dry years was 6.2%. In the center of the study area, the distribution of precipitation was stable at an intra-annual timescale, with small changes at an inter-annual timescale. In the western part of the study area, the monthly variation of precipitation was high at an inter-annual timescale. There were clear seasonal changes in precipitation(PCI=12–36) in the ALCA. Precipitation in spring and winter accounted for 37.7% and 24.4% of the annual precipitation, respectively. There was a significant inter-annual change in precipitation in the arid Northwest China(PCI=24–34). Annual precipitation increased significantly(P=0.05) in 17.4% of all the meteorological stations over the study period. The probability of an increase in annual precipitation was 75.6%, with this increase being significant(P=0.05) at 34.0% of all the meteorological stations. The average increasing rate in annual precipitation was 3.9 mm/10a(P=0.01) in the ALCA. There were significant increasing trends(P=0.01) in precipitation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, with rates of 2.6, 3.1 and 3.7 mm/10 a, respectively.  相似文献   

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