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《畜牧与兽医》2017,(5):63-67
为了探讨高精料饲喂产生的脂多糖(LPS)对干奶期山羊血浆能量代谢产物和激素水平的影响,选择处于干奶期的奶山羊12只,随机分为2组,分别饲喂精粗比为4:6和6:4的日粮。结果表明,精粗比6:4的日粮饲喂2周后成功诱导山羊处于亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)状态,此时外周血液中的LPS浓度极显著升高(P0.01)。血浆NEFA含量显著升高(P0.05),血糖含量有上升的趋势但差异不显著(P0.05)。血浆胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-Ⅰ)含量显著下降(P0.05);胰高血糖素、瘦素、催乳素含量升高,胰岛素含量降低,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。本研究结果显示,当干奶期山羊饲粮中精饲料水平提高时,易造成SARA,血浆高浓度LPS引起机体免疫能量代谢及激素水平均发生变化,这些变化与机体的免疫反应有关。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探究亚急性瘤胃酸中毒（subacute rumen acidosis, SARA）对泌乳奶牛血液生化指标和血浆代谢组的影响。试验选用8头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期奶牛,随机分成对照组（CON）（n=4）和处理组（SARA）（n=4）,CON组与SARA组分别饲喂精粗比为4∶6和6∶4的全混合日粮,试验周期为3周。于试验期每周最后一天晨饲后0、2、4、6、8和12 h进行瘤胃pH的测定,同时在pH测定当天晨饲后6 h采集颈静脉血样,用于血液生化指标和代谢组的分析。结果表明,与CON组相比,SARA组的瘤胃pH显著降低（P=0.002）,两组干物质采食量没有显著差异（P=0.524）。血浆生化指标结果显示,与CON组比较,SARA组奶牛的β-羟丁酸浓度显著降低（P=0.007）,甘油三酯浓度显著升高（P=0.014）。采用液相-质谱（LC-MS）联用技术对血浆进行代谢组学分析,主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘法分析（PLS-DA）结果显示,SARA组奶牛血浆代谢物组成较CON组发生明显变化,两组间共检测到26种差异代谢物（VIP>1 & FDR<0.05）,与CON组相比,SARA组奶牛血浆中的7-酮脱氧胆酸、脱氧胆酸、胆酸、12-酮脱氧胆酸、12（13）Ep-9-KODE、12,13-DHOME和L-天冬酰胺代谢物含量显著升高（FDR<0.05）,而十一烷二酸、十六烷二酸、9-HODE、血氧烷B3、PGE2、L-精氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-苏氨酸、异丁酰甘氨酸、异戊酰甘氨酸、马尿酸、4-羟基马尿酸和6-磷酸-2-脱氢-D-葡萄糖酸酯等代谢物含量显著降低（FDR<0.05）。综上,与CON组比较,SARA组奶牛的脂代谢、氨基酸代谢和糖代谢发生显著变化,这些物质可作为SARA潜在的生物标志物。 相似文献
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奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(5):55-60
在奶牛养殖中,亚急性瘤胃酸中毒（subacute ruminal acidosis,SARA）是一种高发的营养代谢病。随着我国奶牛养殖集约化程度的提高,为提升奶牛生产性能饲喂大量高能谷物饲料极易诱发SARA,导致瘤胃液pH值降低,瘤胃菌群发生改变,瘤胃上皮黏膜层受损,进而影响瘤胃代谢功能。分析了奶牛不同生理阶段、择食行为以及个体差异等SARA的易感因素,探讨了SARA对奶牛瘤胃菌群变化、瘤胃上皮细胞基因表达、瘤胃屏障功能的影响,以期为阐明SARA造成瘤胃功能损伤的机制、降低奶牛发生SARA的风险提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国奶牛》2019,(1)
长时间高精料饲喂奶牛导致的瘤胃快速发酵,会造成SCFA积累,pH下降,最终导致瘤胃酸中毒;同时瘤胃内革兰氏阴性菌大量裂解,释放脂多糖(LPS)到瘤胃中,导致LPS含量升高。研究表明LPS会破坏瘤胃及肠道上皮屏障,增加上皮通透性,进而LPS会移位到血液循环系统。亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)牛出现的后续症状包括急性期反应、肝脓肿和蹄叶炎,也与LPS从消化道移位到机体内循环有关。因此研究SARA发生时LPS从瘤胃和肠道易位到机体循环的机理,对于深入了解SARA的发病机制,从而有效缓解SARA对机体造成的危害、提高患病动物的治愈率和福利有重要意义,可为后续的SARA防治和治疗奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(4)
本试验通过逐步递增饲粮精粗比诱导绵羊发生亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA),探究其对瘤胃异常代谢产物、瘤胃菌群、血气和血清生化指标的影响,为防治绵羊SARA提供理论依据。选取50只2月龄同期断奶健康的杜泊羊(?)×湖羊(♀) F1代,随机分为2组。对照组(CK组,n=15)饲喂精粗比为50∶50的基础饲粮;SARA诱导组通过饲粮精粗比递增诱导绵羊发生SARA,饲粮精粗比依次为50∶50、70∶30、80∶20、90∶10和100∶0,各精粗比饲粮均饲喂7 d,瘤胃液pH在5.2～5.6持续3 h以上的绵羊构成SARA模型组。分别于各精粗比饲粮第7天晨饲后1、2、3、4、5、6和8 h采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃异常代谢产物含量和瘤胃菌群结构。SARA诱导成功后,采集CK组和SARA模型组颈静脉血液,测定血气和血清生化指标。结果显示:1)在饲粮精粗比为100:0时,SARA诱导组中有27只绵羊瘤胃液pH在5.2～5.6持续3 h以上,部分羊腹泻,瘤胃液偏黄恶臭黏稠,符合SARA标准,构成SARA模型组。2)SARA模型组Chao1指数显著低于CK组(P0.05),瘤胃菌群结构发生变化,乳酸产生菌相对丰度增加,瘤胃菌群碳水化合物代谢相关基因富集程度增加。3)SARA模型组瘤胃液和血液中乳酸、组胺和内毒素含量均显著高于CK组(P0.05)。4)SARA模型组血液二氧化碳总量、实际碳酸氢盐和全血碱剩余含量显著低于CK组(P0.05)。5)SARA模型组血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于CK组(P0.05),血清生化指标处于正常范围。综上所述,绵羊SARA发生过程中,瘤胃菌群丰富度降低,菌群结构改变,乳酸产生菌相对丰度增加,血液和瘤胃液乳酸、内毒素和组胺含量升高,机体发生代谢性酸中毒。 相似文献
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瘤胃亚急性酸中毒是目前困扰奶牛生产的一大难题。高精、低粗的饲粮结构会引起瘤胃微生物区系结构改变,挥发性脂肪酸浓度升高,瘤胃液 ｐＨ下降,从而引起瘤胃亚急性酸中毒。奶牛发生瘤胃亚急性酸中毒时瘤胃液细菌内毒素浓度升高。高浓度的内毒素转运至血液引发急性期反应,血浆中矿物质和代谢物水平发生改变,从而使奶牛生产性能下降。本文对高精饲粮下瘤胃中内毒素的产生和转运以及内毒素引发的急性期反应进行综述,同时,根据近年来的研究进展重点介绍一些减少内毒素产生和转运的新方法,旨在为更好地控制或减少瘤胃亚急性酸中毒时内毒素对奶牛的危害提供参考。 相似文献
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Guozhong Dong Shimin Liu Yongxia Wu Chunlong Lei Jun Zhou Sen Zhang 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):48
Dairy cows are often fed high grain diets to meet the energy demand for high milk production or simply due to a lack of forages at times. As a result, ruminal acidosis, especially subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), occurs frequently in practical dairy production. When SARA occurs, bacterial endotoxin (or lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is released in the rumen and the large intestine in a large amount. Many other bacterial immunogens may also be released in the digestive tract following feeding dairy cows diets containing high proportions of grain. LPS can be translocated into the bloodstream across the epithelium of the digestive tract, especially the lower tract, due to possible alterations of permeability and injuries of the epithelial tissue. As a result, the concentration of blood LPS increases. Immune responses are subsequently caused by circulating LPS, and the systemic effects include increases in concentrations of neutrophils and the acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid-A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), LPS binding protein (LBP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood. Entry of LPS into blood can also result in metabolic alterations. Blood glucose and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations are enhanced accompanying an increase of blood LPS after increasing the amount of grain in the diet, which adversely affects feed intake of dairy cows. As the proportions of grain in the diet increase, patterns of plasma β-hydoxybutyric acid, cholesterol, and minerals (Ca, Fe, and Zn) are also perturbed. The bacterial immunogens can also lead to reduced supply of nutrients for synthesis of milk components and depressed functions of the epithelial cells in the mammary gland. The immune responses and metabolic alterations caused by circulating bacterial immunogens will exert an effect on milk production. It has been demonstrated that increases in concentrations of ruminal LPS and plasma acute phase proteins (CRP, SAA, and LBP) are associated with declines in milk fat content, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, as well as milk energy efficiency. 相似文献
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Hitoshi MIZUGUCHI Tomoki IKEDA Yumi WATANABE Shiro KUSHIBIKI Kentaro IKUTA Yo-Han KIM Shigeru SATO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):905
The effects of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibody on rumen fermentation and LPS activity were investigated during subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge. Eleven Holstein cattle (164 ± 14 kg) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Cattle were fed a roughage diet on days −11 to −1 (pre-challenge) and day 2 (post-challenge), and a high-grain diet on days 0 and 1 (SARA challenge). For 14 days, 0-, 2-, or 4-g of anti-LPS antibody was administered once daily through a rumen fistula. Ruminal pH was measured continuously, and rumen fluid and blood samples were collected on days −1, 0, 1, and 2. Significantly lower ruminal LPS activity on day 1 was observed in the 2- and 4-g groups than those in the 0-g group. In addition, significantly higher 1-hr mean ruminal pH on SARA challenge period (days 0 and 1) was identified in the 4-g group than in the 0-g group. However, rumen fermentation measurements (total volatile fatty acid [VFA], VFA components, NH3-N and lactic acid) and peripheral blood metabolites (glucose, free fatty acid, beta-hydroxybutyrate, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase) were not different among the groups during the experimental periods. Therefore, anti-LPS antibody administration mitigates LPS release and pH depression without the depression of rumen fermentation and peripheral blood metabolites during SARA challenge in Holstein cattle. 相似文献
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选择7只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期山羊,2×2拉丁方设计,分别饲喂精粗比为6∶4和4∶6的饲料,通过饲喂精粗比6∶4饲料建立泌乳期山羊瘤胃亚急性酸中毒(subacute ruminal acidosis, SARA)模型,研究SARA时山羊血液和瘤胃液中皮质醇浓度、肝脏皮质醇受体(glucocorticoid receptor, GR)mRNA表达及其他相关指标的变化。结果表明,精粗比6∶4日粮饲喂2周后成功诱导SARA状态(SARA组),采食后瘤胃液pH值低于5.8持续时间约6 h,而精粗比为4∶6组山羊瘤胃液pH均高于6.0 (对照组)。高精料日粮处理对瘤胃pH和乳酸以及瘤胃液和血浆内的脂多糖、皮质醇浓度有显著性影响(P<0.05),采食前SARA组山羊瘤胃液中乳酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),采食后0~4 h乳酸含量下降,6~10 h时逐渐增加并极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);2组间瘤胃液中脂多糖浓度无显著性差异(P>0.05),SARA组血浆脂多糖浓度在采食前和采食后6 h均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);采食前SARA组山羊血液中皮质醇浓度高于对照组(P=0.05),但采食后6 h两组间无显著差异(P>0.05); 2组山羊瘤胃液中皮质醇浓度在采食后2,4和6 h分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但在采食前和采食后10 h无显著差异(P>0.05)。Real-time PCR结果显示,SARA组山羊肝脏中GR mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05)。本研究结果显示,泌乳期山羊发生SARA时糖皮质激素水平升高,负反馈下调肝脏GR的表达水平,提示SARA时机体处于应激状态,可能引起肝脏的物质代谢和营养物质重分配的改变。 相似文献
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During subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) rumen pH is depressed for several hours per day due to accumulation of volatile fatty acids and insufficient rumen buffering. Surveys suggested an incidence of SARA of between 19% and 26% in early and mid-lactation dairy cows. Causes of SARA include feeding excessive amounts of non-structural carbohydrates and highly fermentable forages, and insufficient dietary coarse fiber. Consequences of SARA include feed intake depression, reduced fiber digestion, milk fat depression, diarrhea, laminitis, liver abscesses, increased production of bacterial endotoxin and inflammation characterized by increases in acute phase proteins. The increase in endotoxin is similar among methods for SARA induction, but depends on the diet fed before induction. Increases in acute phase proteins vary among methods of SARA induction, even when the methods result in similar rumen pH depressions. This suggests that the inflammatory response might not be solely due to bacterial endotoxin in the rumen. 相似文献
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Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a significant production disease of dairy cattle. Previous concerns have been raised over the occurrence of SARA in pasture-fed dairy cattle and the potential consequences of laminitis and lameness. Highly digestible perennial rye grass contains high concentrations of rapidly fermentable carbohydrate and low concentrations of physical effective fibre that may result in SARA. This study conducted a point prevalence survey of rumen health status in grazing Irish dairy cattle fed predominantly perennial rye grass-based pasture. The survey assessed rumen fluid, animal health status, milk production data and pasture composition. A total of 144 cows between 80 and 150 days in milk were sampled on 12 farms. Eleven percent of cows were classified as affected with SARA (pH < or = 5.5), 42% were marginal (pH 5.6-5.8) and 47% were normal (pH>5.8). The study showed that low rumen pH is prevalent in grazing Irish dairy cattle consuming perennial rye grass-based pasture and raises concerns regarding effective pasture utilisation and possible consequences for animal health. 相似文献
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Maeda Marika Kawasumi Koh Sato Shigeru Arai Toshiro 《Veterinary research communications》2019,43(4):215-224
The objective of this study was to evaluate blood levels of various hormones and compounds related to energy metabolism in cows with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). We investigated 11 lactating cows presumed to have SARA based on duration of ruminal pH <5.6 and reticulum pH <6.3 in 2015–2016. Kraft pulp (KP) was used to supplement feed of 7 of the cows studied in an effort to reduce SARA. We continuously monitored ruminal pH and measured blood concentrations of hormones and metabolites related to energy metabolism. Blood measurements included glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid (FFA), insulin, adiponectin (ADN), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Additionally, we analyzed milk data (milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, milk urea nitrogen, and protein fat ratio) and reproduction data. The results demonstrated that ADN levels at 4 weeks post-parturition correlated with the total amount of time that the ruminal or reticulum fluid pH was under the threshold during 1 week post-parturition, as well as the numbers of days the cows were diagnosed with SARA (SARA-positive days) up to 30 days post-parturition. SARA-positive days in 2016 were higher than those in 2015. In both years, numbers of SARA-positive days for cows supplemented with KP were lower than those for cows without KP. Increased ADN levels may be a compensatory reaction to frequent SARA which modulates the inflammatory response against high LPS levels and improves insulin resistance caused by LPS. ADN may serve as an estimative index for SARA.
相似文献18.
Petrujkić B Samanc H Adamović M Stojić V Petrujkić T Grdović S Sefer D Marković R 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2010,58(3-4):171-177
This trial was designed in order to evaluate the incidence of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) during early lactation and to investigate the possibilities for its prevention by use of a buffering mineral mixture. On the beginning of the trial it was found that the pH value of rumen fluid in 4 animals was lower than normal (pH < 6.0) and that 20% of animals have had SARA. The control and the experimental group of cows were fed the same meal with exception of concentrated feed which in the experimental group contained the mineral mix with buffering activity in amount of 1%. Continuous addition of buffering mineral mixture in the amount of 1% in concentrated feed for early lactation cows successfully prevents SARA formation and leads to increased milk production, as well as increased milk fat and protein content. 相似文献
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畜牧业集约化养殖越来越普遍。为提高反刍动物生产性能,饲喂大量能量饲料,进而引发亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA),导致动物采食量下降、畜产品产出降低以及动物发生炎症反应。近年研究表明,SARA会改变瘤胃生理状态,而瘤胃健康对反刍动物饲养至关重要。本文综述了反刍动物SARA状态下瘤胃生理生化过程变化,结合瘤胃发酵模式变化和瘤胃微生物的改变,重点阐述了SARA引起的瘤胃上皮细胞形态结构变化、屏障功能改变、瘤胃上皮细胞中物质转运及相关载体表达及其引发的瘤胃上皮细胞炎症通路,为更好指导反刍动物饲养及为瘤胃营养生理生化研究提供参考。 相似文献
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为比较研究对亚急性瘤胃酸中毒（SARA）耐受性不同的奶牛血浆和乳中代谢组的差异，试验选用12头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛［泌乳天数=（114±22） d］，饲喂精粗比为4∶6的全混合日粮。在试验期第20和21天晨饲后0、2、4、6、8和12 h监测瘤胃pH值，在早晚饲喂前收集奶样，晨饲6 h后采集颈静脉血，用于测定脂肪酸及代谢物组成。基于奶牛瘤胃平均pH值高低，将奶牛分为SARA易感组（SUS，瘤胃pH=5.76，n=4）和SARA耐受组（TOL，瘤胃pH=6.10，n=4）。脂肪酸测定结果分析显示，与TOL组相比，SUS组奶牛血液及乳中的碳链长度≤C16的脂肪酸含量显著增高（P<0.05），而>C16的脂肪酸的含量显著降低（P<0.05），乳中饱和脂肪酸及单不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。血浆代谢组结果显示， SUS组奶牛血浆中L-苯丙酮酸水平显著降低（P<0.05），而MG（18：0/0：0/0：0）、9-HODE、12（13） Ep-9-KODE、烟酰胺、异戊基肉碱、磷酸肌酸和L-谷氨酸水平显著升高（P<0.05）。乳代谢组分析结果显示，与TOL组比较，SUS组奶牛乳中的1-硬脂酰磷酸甘油丝氨酸和鞘氨醇水平显著升高（P<0.05），而甘油磷酰基乙醇胺、3-磷酸甘油和乳清酸等其他14个差异代谢物水平显著降低（P<0.05），这些差异代谢物主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢、甘油脂代谢及泛酸与辅酶A代谢等代谢途径。综上所述，SARA耐受性不同的奶牛的血浆和乳中脂肪酸及代谢物组成存在较大差异，SUS组奶牛血浆中氨基酸代谢活动增加，乳腺的乳脂从头合成能力较强，而从血液中摄取长链脂肪酸能力减弱，与此同时，易感奶牛乳中磷脂、乳清酸等营养物质水平下降，乳品质下降。 相似文献