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新疆石河子-昌吉地区2016―2020年地下水位动态特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探明新疆石河子-昌吉地区地下水位变化规律及其驱动因素。【方法】基于2016―2020年研究区44眼监测井的逐月地下水埋深,划分地下水动态类型,绘制了多年地下水埋深累计变幅分区图和高低水位期地下水流场对比图,综合直线趋势分析方法和灰色关联分析方法对地下水位动态特征及其影响因素进行分析。【结果】区内潜水动态类型为灌溉入渗-开采型和水文-开采型,承压水动态类型为开采型。石河子市地下水位呈快速上升趋势(埋深变幅多为-3~-2 m);玛纳斯县南部地下水位快速上升(多为-4~-3 m),北部水位快速下降(多>5 m);呼图壁县地下水位快速下降(多>5 m);昌吉市地下水位动态变化相对缓慢,以缓慢下降为主(多为2~3 m)。石河子市和玛纳斯县南部水位回升主要取决于低水位期,北部地下水漏斗区局部水位回升则相反;呼图壁县水位持续下降受高、低水位期共同影响;昌吉市水位动态稳定,与河流补给作用有一定关联。【结论】耕地面积、地下水开采量和地表水源供水量是潜水水位变化的主控因素,承压水水位变化主要受耕地面积和地下水开采量的影响。 相似文献
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以南水北调东线工程输水前后,梁济运河区地下水位、降水、地下水埋深和输水时间作为研究要素,运用灰色关联分析方法对南水北调输水对梁济运河区地下水位的影响进行了分析。结果表明:1输水后,降水对地下水位的影响减弱,其与地下水位变幅之间的关联度由输水前的0.8降至输水后0.69左右;2南水北调输水对地下水位的影响较大,其与地下水位变幅之间的关联度达到0.71;3在输水时间增长的情况下,输水与地下水位变幅之间的关联程度呈现出递增趋势;4南水北调输水对梁济运河二岸6.6km区域内地下水位的影响明显大于6.6km之外的区域。 相似文献
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农用潜水电泵的使用与保养在每年潜水电泵使用的高峰时期，经常会发生故障，不仅造成损失，而且耽误时间，因此，使用时应注意以下问题。一、使用条件１．水泵的第一级叶轮应浸入动水位１米以下，机组浸入静水位以下不得超过７０米，其底部距井底不小于５米；２．水温不高... 相似文献
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国外潜水电泵控制系统概述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
潜水电泵的自动控制系统与它的其他功能一样重要。介绍了国外潜水电泵的水位控制系统、泵的起动和停机控制系统等，其先进性和实用性对国内潜水电泵的发展具有借鉴作用。 相似文献
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农用潜水电泵的使用与保养一、潜水电泵的使用条件１．水泵的第一级叶轮应浸入动水位１ｍ以下，机组浸入静水位以下不得超过７ｍ，其底部距井底不小于５ｍ。２．水中含砂量（重量比）不超过０．０１％。３．水中ＰＨ值为６～８．５。４．潜水电泵下井前必须注满清水（油浸... 相似文献
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为探究青铜峡灌区土壤盐渍化风险及其与潜水位埋深和矿化度关系，综合运用GIS和非参数地质统计学的指示克立格法，研究了2018、2019两年4月份春灌前0～20、20～40和40～60 cm深度土壤全盐量，潜水位埋深、潜水矿化度空间变异性，并分析满足一定阈值条件的概率分布图及其相互关系。结果表明：(1)青铜峡灌区土壤全盐量、潜水位埋深、潜水矿化度的变异系数均大于1，都属于强变异；频率分布呈现明显的“高顶”现象。(2)青铜峡灌区不同深度不同阈值土壤全盐量的指示半方差函数符合球状模型、指数模型、高斯模型等不同类型。潜水位埋深的指示半方差函数符合指数模型。潜水矿化度阈值为1.0和2.0 g/L时指示半方差函数符合指数模型，阈值为2.5和3.0 g/L时指示半方差函数符合高斯模型。不同阈值条件下的土壤全盐量和潜水位埋深呈中等～较强的空间自相关，潜水矿化度表现出较强的空间自相关。(3)青铜峡灌区0～20 cm深度土壤发生轻度、中度、重度盐化和盐土化的高概率区占灌区总面积的92.38%、73.71%、51.83%、24.61%;20～40 cm深度比例为92.15%、50.21%、6.87%、0.53... 相似文献
7.
根据大变幅水位水源泵站的特点，提出用单绕组换向法变极的方案来实现双速潜水电泵的变速技术，并通过分析比较，证明双速潜水电泵具有能拓宽水泵工作高效区的范围、节约能源及建站投资低的优越性，值得推广应用。 相似文献
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根据大变幅水位水原泵站的特点，提出用单绕组换向法变极的方案来实现现双还潜水电泵的变速技术，并通过分析比较，证明双速潜水电泵具有能拓宽工作高效区的范围、节约能源及建站投资低的优越性，值得推广应用。 相似文献
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潜水电泵是主要的排灌设备,尤其在目前大部分地区水位下降的情况下,潜水电泵会越来越多,为了适应这方面的情况,让制造与使用潜水电泵的技术人员和工作人员互相交流情况,是非常必要的。潜水电泵是由泵和电机组成的,我厂对电机部分的检查用图1所示的一套仪表,可 相似文献
11.
张静萍 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2016,(4):59-62
本研究旨在实现水资源水质水量的优化配置,通过对水资源水质水量优化配置的生态经济学理论进行分析,指出水资源水质水量优化配置的概念,在内涵分析基础上确定了水资源水质水量优化配置的具体阈值原理和模型体系框架.同时对青海水资源水质水量的优化配置进行分析,指出不同区域的水资源水质水量需要进行针对性的优化配置. 相似文献
12.
刘海龙 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2017,(3)
在水资源管理中,水量水质联合调控主要是为了协调生态环境.利用运筹学、系统方法论、宏观经济学为计算基础,通过控制流域污染物来达到水质控制的目标.基于此,本文对水资源管理中水量水质联合调控的模式进行探讨. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》2004,65(1):1-19
The resource potential of shallow water tables for cropping systems has been investigated using the Australian sugar industry as a case study. Literature concerning shallow water table contributions to sugarcane crops has been summarised, and an assessment of required irrigation for water tables to depths of 2 m investigated using the SWIMv2.1 soil water balance model for three different soils. The study was undertaken because water availability is a major limitation for sugarcane and other crop production systems in Australia and knowledge on how best to incorporate upflow from water tables in irrigation scheduling is limited. Our results showed that for the three soils studied (representing a range of permeabilities as defined by near-saturated hydraulic conductivities), no irrigation would be required for static water tables within 1 m of the soil surface. Irrigation requirements when static water tables exceeded 1 m depth were dependent on the soil type and rooting characteristics (root depth and density). Our results also show that the near-saturated hydraulic conductivities are a better indicator of the ability of water tables below 1 m to supply sufficient upflow as opposed to soil textural classifications. We conclude that there is potential for reductions in irrigation and hence improvements in irrigation water use efficiency in areas where shallow water tables are a low salinity risk: either fresh, or the local hydrology results in net recharge. 相似文献
14.
郑云发 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2016,(7):34-37
农田水利建设一直是我国农业发展的重中之重,最初的农田一般仅依靠自然河水和雨水进行灌溉,而后由兴修的水利工程进行灌溉,农水建设发展到今天开始重视环境水生态.传统农田水利向环境水生态转变是一种必然的发展趋势.这种形式的转变能够最大限度地满足农业经济发展中的用水需求,而且不会对生态环境带来危害.本文主要分析农田水利发展对环境的影响,并概述了传统农业水利向环境水生态转变的过程. 相似文献
15.
尤小强 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2016,(6):74-77
在水利工程项目建设中,水闸工程项目占据着极其重要的作用.换言之,水闸工程质量的好坏,在很大程度上将直接关乎到整个水利工程项目的整体效果,包括使用寿命、功能发挥等.在工程建设过程中,水闸这一环节一旦出现了问题,对于整个工程及其下游地区,都会造成安全隐患,极大危害着当地居民的财产与生命安全.本文重点针对水利工程项目中的水闸设计环节,选取了春风河水利工程项目实例探讨,着重以该工程的水闸设计为研究对象,加以论述. 相似文献
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Non-conventional water resources and opportunities for water augmentation to achieve food security in water scarce countries 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Given current demographic trends and future growth projections, as much as 60% of the global population may suffer water scarcity by the year 2025. The water-use efficiency techniques used with conventional resources have been improved. However, water-scarce countries will have to rely more on the use of non-conventional water resources to partly alleviate water scarcity. Non-conventional water resources are either generated as a product of specialized processes such as desalination or need suitable pre-use treatment and/or appropriate soil–water–crop management strategies when used for irrigation. In water-scarce environments, such water resources are accessed through the desalination of seawater and highly brackish groundwater, the harvesting of rainwater, and the use of marginal-quality water resources for irrigation. The marginal-quality waters used for irrigation consist of wastewater, agricultural drainage water, and groundwater containing different types of salts. In many developing countries, a major part of the wastewater generated by domestic, commercial, and industrial sectors is used for crop production in an untreated or partly treated form. The protection of public health and the environment are the main concerns associated with uncontrolled wastewater irrigation. The use of saline and/or sodic drainage water and groundwater for agriculture is expected to increase. This warrants modifications in the existing soil, irrigation, and crop management practices used, in order to cope with the increases in salinity and sodicity that will occur. 相似文献
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C. R. Jensen 《Irrigation Science》1982,3(2):111-121
Summary Barley plants (Hordeum distichum, L., cv. Zita) grown in a sandy soil in pots were adjusted during a pretreatment period of 5 days to three levels of soil water osmotic potential by percolating 61 of a nutrient solution with additional 0, 22.3 and 44.6 mM KCl. A drying cycle was then started and the plants were harvested when the soil water matric potential had decreased to –1.4 MPa, respectively 6, 7 and 8 days later.No significant differences in dry matter yields, transpiration coefficients and wilting percentages were found between treatments.During the drying cycle leaf water potential (
l
) decreased concomitantly with decrease in soil water potential (
s
) with almost constant and similar differences (
l
–
s
) for all treatments despite differences in levels of potentials. The concomitant decrease in leaf osmotic potential () was due partly to dehydration (58%) and partly to increase in leaf solute content (42%) independent of treatment. The part of total osmotic solutes due to K decreased relatively during the drying cycle.Close relationships were found between and
l
as functions of relative water content (RWC). Identical curves for the two levels of salt treatment agree with similar concentrations of K, Cl, and ash found for salt treated plants indicating that maximum uptake of macro nutrients may have been reached.During the main part of the drying cycle the turgor potential as function of RWC was higher and decreased less steeply with decreasing RWC in the salt treated than in the non-salt treated plants.In the beginning of the drying cycle additions of KCI lowered the transpiration rates of the salt treated plants resulting in a slower desiccation of the soil and hence an increased growth period. A delay in uptake from a limited soil water supply may be advantageous during intermittent periods of drought. 相似文献
19.
Production and water use in lettuces under variable water supply 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
M. Gallardo L. E. Jackson K. Schulbach R. L. Snyder R. B. Thompson L. J. Wyland 《Irrigation Science》1996,16(3):125-137
The effects of a variable water supply on the water use, growth and yield of two crisphead and one romaine (i.e., Cos) lettuce cultivar were examined in a field experiment using a line source sprinkler system that produced a range of water regimes that occur in growers fields. Four locations at increasing distances from the main line were monitored through the season (i.e., from thinning to harvest, 28–63 days after planting (DAP)). These locations at the end of the season corresponded to: (1) rewatering to field capacity (FC); (2) watering with a volume 13% below that required in the field capacity treatment (0.87*FC); (3) 30% below FC (0.70*FC); and (4) 55% below FC (0.45*FC). A linear production function for dry matter accumulation and fresh weight vs. crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined for lettuce during this period, giving a water use efficiency for dry matter of 1.86 g m–2 mm–1 and for fresh weight of 48 g m–2 mm–1 . For lettuce irrigated to field capacity, ETc between thinning and harvest was 146 mm; maximum crop coefficients of 0.81–1.02 were obtained at maturity (55–63 DAP). For the three irrigation treatments receiving the largest water application, ETc was higher in the Cos culivar than in the two crisphead lettuce cultivars which had similar ETc. Plant fresh weight was more sensitive than dry weight to reduction in water supply. In the FC treatment, root length density and soil water extraction were greatest in the top 0–45 cm, and decreased rapidly below 45 cm depth. Soil water extraction by roots increased at lower depths when irrigation was reduced. Instantaneous rates of leaf photosynthesis and leaf water potential showed no response to the irrigation treatments in this study, despite differences in biomass production. Evaporation was determined to be the major component of ETc for 45 of the 63 days of the growing season. The large loss of water by evaporation during mid-season and the apparent insensitivity of lettuce to the volume of irrigation during this period may provide an opportunity for reducing irrigation applications. 相似文献