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1.
A macrocytic hypochromic anemia, with marked reliculocytosis and large numbers of circulating nucleated erythrocytes, was recognized in a 3 1/2-year-old male Beagle-cross dog. A presumptive diagnosis of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency was made, even though PK activity from the patient was within the range of activities measured for normal dogs, because the PK activity should have been several times normal in light of the large number of reticulocytes present. The PK activity in a hemolysate from the patient was heat-labile compared to activities in hemolysates from normal dogs, a finding consistent with results from a previous study of PK-deficient Basenji dogs. Seven phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate were measured in protein-free extracts of erythrocytes from the patient. All were present in concentrations above that present in normal canine erythrocytes, further supporting the diagnosis of PK deficiency.  相似文献   

2.
A 1-year-old, female Beagle dog with minimal exercise intolerance was found to have a persistent, severe, and highly regenerative anemia, splenomegaly, and progressive osteosclerosis. Despite near-normal in vitro erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) activity, the authors diagnosed PK deficiency by demonstrating a glycolytic block at the PK step, the lack of normal R-type PK isoenzyme, and the presence of M(2)-type PK in the animal's erythrocytes. The dam had half-normal erythrocyte PK activity, which supports an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We conclude from our studies that close similarities exist between erythrocyte PK deficiency in Beagle, Basenji, and West Highland White Terrier dogs and that this form of PK deficiency may be more widespread than previously thought.  相似文献   

3.
A 15-month-old male Beagle with chronic hemolytic anemia was found to have erythrocytic pyruvate kinase deficiency and, terminally, myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis. The dog's erythron was studied by procedures that enabled close comparison with congenital hemolytic anemia (pyruvate kinase deficiency) of Basenji dogs. The affected dog's sire, dam, and one littermate--each clinically and hematologically normal--were found to have 50% reduction in erythrocytic pyruvate kinase (PK) activity.  相似文献   

4.
Congenital hemolytic anemia in the Basenji dog resembles pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency in man as it is characterized by an abbreviated erythrocyte life span, an intense reticulocytosis, type II autohemolysis and splenomegaly. Glucose utilization and lactate production were inadequate with respect to the immature cell population. Analysis of enzymes involved in erythrocyte glycolysis revealed a deficiency of pyruvate kinase.  相似文献   

5.
SUMMARY Pyruvate kinase deficiency anaemia was suspected in an 18-month-old male Basenji dog after other known causes of canine haemolytic anaemia had been excluded. Anaemia of moderate severity (packed cell volumes 0.20 to 0.26 1/1) and reticulocytosis (uncorrected reticulocyte counts 8 to 43%) persisted during 5 months' observation, and biopsies showed development of bone marrow fibrosis and sclerosis. The diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency anaemia was presumptive because erythrocyte pyruvate kinase concentrations in the affected dog were inconclusive and related animals were not available for enzyme assay. However, the gene for pyruvate kinase deficiency is known to occur among Basenji dogs in Australia.  相似文献   

6.
Three Beagles with chronic anemia and reticulocytosis were studied. The dogs originated from a large breeding colony and appeared clinically normal with the exception of splenomegaly. The PCV ranged from 30 to 39% (normal, 46 to 56%), with reticulocyte indices of 2.3 to 9.9. Red blood cells were morphologically normal, and examination of marrow aspirates revealed erythroid hyperplasia. Shortened chromium-51 RBC life-spans (7.2 to 15.4 days in anemic dogs; 22.2 to 25.2 days in control dogs) documented a hemolytic anemia. Acquired causes of hemolytic anemia were ruled out. Red blood cells had normal glycolytic enzyme activities, no evidence of unstable or abnormal hemoglobin, and had altered osmotic fragility curves. The breeding of 2 anemic dogs resulted in offspring with anemia and reticulocytosis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no abnormalities in RBC membrane cytoskeletal proteins in all anemic adult dogs and in 3 offspring.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical and hematologic responses in dogs following experimental inoculation with Babesia gibsoni-like isolates from infected dogs in Oklahoma. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 6 mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: 2 dogs were inoculated with organisms from a naturally infected dog, and 3 were inoculated with organisms from a second naturally infected dog (1 of these 3 dogs was splenectomized 1 week prior to inoculation). One dog was not inoculated. Complete blood counts were performed weekly. RESULTS: In the 5 dogs inoculated with organisms, parasites were initially detected 1 to 5 weeks after inoculation, and severity of parasitemia peaked with 1.9 to 6.0% of RBC infected by 4 to 6 weeks after inoculation. Parasitemia was easily detectable (> 0.1% of RBC infected) for 3 to 4 weeks. Clinical abnormalities included lethargy, fever, and pale mucous membranes but were mild to nearly inapparent in 2 dogs. All dogs developed regenerative anemia and marked thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia developed before and lasted longer than the parasitemia. Profound but transient neutropenia was detected in some dogs. The splenectomized dog developed more severe parasitemia and anemia and more pronounced clinical abnormalities. Three dogs with intact spleens recovered without treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that 2 or more genotypically distinct, but morphologically identical, small Babesia parasites can infect dogs in the United States. Compared with infection with small Babesia parasites from California, infection with these isolates resulted in less severe parasitemia and clinical abnormalities. Parasitemia was transient, indicating that identification of organisms in blood smears may be difficult in some dogs.  相似文献   

8.
The role of macrophages in the erythrocyte membrane oxidative damage and the pathogenesis of anemia in Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs with low parasitemia were investigated. Macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) from B. gibsoni-infected dogs produced significantly higher chemiluminescent responses, indicating the release of reactive oxygen intermediates, than those from non-infected dogs when the cells were subjected to non-specific stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and opsonized zymosan (OZ), or infected dog erythrocyte membranes opsonized with infected dog serum. These results indicate that PBM of B. gibsoni-infected dogs with low parasitemia were highly activated compared to those of non-infected dogs. Furthermore, the membrane lipid peroxidation of normal dog erythrocytes incubated with PBM from B. gibsoni-infected dogs was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of erythrocytes incubated with PBM from non-infected dogs when the PBM were stimulated with the opsonized membranes. These results suggest that the oxidative damage of erythrocytes observed in B. gibsoni-infected dogs with low parasitemia might be induced, in part, by reactive oxygen species released from the activated PBM. On the other hand, the present study also showed a significant increase (p<0.001) of IgG-bound erythrocytes in B. gibsoni-infected dogs compared with such erythrocytes in non-infected dogs. The increase of IgG-bound erythrocytes in infected dogs might reflect the increase of erythrocytes with oxidative damage induced by the infection with B. gibsoni. The results of the present study suggest that the increase of IgG-bound erythrocytes in the circulation of infected dogs induce a high degree of erythrocyte loss via immunological phagocytosis by activated macrophages, resulting in severe anemia in spite of low parasitemia.  相似文献   

9.
Red blood cell populations separated by density centrifugation were compared in a dynamic assay of osmotic stress. Red blood cells from Beagles genotypically normal and nonanemic (nonaffected), Beagles with inherited hemolytic anemia (anemic), and Beagles presumed to be carriers of the anemia trait (trait carriers) were examined for rate and extent of swelling after exposure to the ionophore A23187 in a medium containing calcium and potassium chloride. Comparisons were made between RBC populations separated on the basis of density. Significant differences were observed in the rates of cell swelling in RBC populations separated by density between nonaffected and anemic Beagles. The response of RBC from Beagles presumed to carry the anemia trait was similar to that of RBC from nonaffected dogs. One phenotypic expression of this inherited abnormality of RBC in Beagles was an accelerated rate of RBC swelling under osmotic stress, and this swelling response diminished with increasing RBC density.  相似文献   

10.
An 8-month-old, spayed female Shetland sheepdog presented 48 hours after ingesting acetaminophen (1 gm/kg body weight). On presentation, the dog was laterally recumbent and hypovolemic. The dog had brown mucous membranes, severe Heinz-body hemolytic anemia, bleeding tendencies, and a red blood cell (RBC) glutathione (GSH) concentration that was 10% of reference values, despite a regenerative erythroid response. Treatment with s-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) as a GSH donor successfully rescued this dog, despite the animal's late presentation after drug ingestion. A loading dose (40 mg/kg body weight) of a stable SAMe salt per os was followed by a maintenance dose (20 mg/kg body weight) sid for 7 days. Additional therapeutic interventions included an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of one unit of packed RBCs (on admission), i.v. fluid support (3 days), and famotidine (7 days) to reduce gastric acidity. Sequential assessment of RBC GSH concentrations and RBC morphology documented response to antidote administration within 72 hours. This case suggests that SAMe may provide a therapeutic option for treatment of acetaminophen toxicosis in dogs capable of retaining an orally administered antidote and maintaining adequate hepatic function for metabolism of SAMe to its thiol substrates.  相似文献   

11.
The effects of canine parvovirus (CPV) infection in dogs with hemolytic anemia was compared with the clinical effects of human parvovirus-induced aplastic anemia in human beings with chronic regenerative anemias. Phenylhydrazine was used to induce a transient, severe, hemolytic anemia in dogs to evaluate the effects of CPV infection on rapidly dividing bone marrow precursors. Erythrocyte colony-forming unit bone marrow cultures and cytologic examination of bone marrow were used to determine the effects of CPV infection on erythroid bone marrow precursors. The induced hemolytic anemia regenerated rapidly and although the bone marrow was infected, it was determined that CPV infection did not induce a detectable decrease in erythroid progenitors in dogs with severe hemolytic anemia.  相似文献   

12.
Large numbers of eccentrocytes (erythrocytes with hemoglobin contracted to one side of the cell) were seen on a stained blood smear from a Dachshund with compensated hemolytic anemia. The 7-kg dog had been given 325 mg of acetaminophen orally once daily for 6 weeks by the client, because the dog exhibited signs attributed to abdominal pain. More than half of the erythrocytes contained small Heinz bodies visualized after methyl violet staining. The methemoglobin content was 6.4% (normal less than 2%) when measured 16 hours after the last acetaminophen tablet was given. High serum alanin transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities and hyperbilirubinuria were measured. All abnormal laboratory findings were attributable to acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage to erythrocytes and hepatocytes.  相似文献   

13.
To investigate the syndrome of acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), laboratory techniques used in the differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemias were performed on blood samples from 6 black rhinoceroses: 3 nonrelated healthy rhinoceroses, 1 rhinoceros with iron deficiency anemia, and 2 rhinoceroses with intravascular hemolysis. Osmotic fragility, erythrocyte membrane protein composition, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and hemoglobin stability did not distinguish between healthy and affected (anemia or hemolysis) rhinoceroses. Polyclonal antiglobulin reagents were prepared in rabbits, using whole rhinoceros serum and purified rhinoceros immunoglobulin G. These reagents were nonreactive against erythrocytes of the healthy and iron-deficient rhinoceroses. Reactions with RBC from the rhinoceros with fatal hemolytic anemia indicated increased membrane coating by the third component of complement; this was not evident in a second rhinoceros that survived a hemolytic event.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dogs given garlic extract developed hemolytic anemia and to establish the hematologic characteristics induced experimentally by intragastric administration of garlic extract. ANIMALS: 8 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: 4 dogs were given 1.25 ml of garlic extract/kg of body weight (5 g of whole garlic/kg) intragastrically once a day for 7 days. The remaining 4 control dogs received water instead of garlic extract. Complete blood counts were performed, and methemoglobin and erythrocyte-reduced glutathione concentrations, percentage of erythrocytes with Heinz bodies, and percentage of eccentrocytes were determined before and for 30 days after administration of the first dose of garlic extract. Ultrastructural analysis of eccentrocytes was performed. RESULTS: Compared with initial values, erythrocyte count, Hct, and hemoglobin concentration decreased to a minimum value on days 9 to 11 in dogs given garlic extract. Heinz body formation, an increase in erythrocyte-reduced glutathione concentration, and eccentrocytes were also detected in these dogs. However, no dog developed hemolytic anemia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The constituents of garlic have the potential to oxidize erythrocyte membranes and hemoglobin, inducing hemolysis associated with the appearance of eccentrocytes in dogs. Thus, foods containing garlic should not be fed to dogs. Eccentrocytosis appears to be a major diagnostic feature of garlic-induced hemolysis in dogs.  相似文献   

15.
A macrocytic hypochromic anemia with marked reticulocytosis was observed at each of 10 examinations during a 4 month period of a male Beagle dog that was 11 months old when first examined. The owner had noticed pale mucous membranes from the time the dog was purchased at 7 weeks of age. Based on the clinical history and negative LE, ANA and Coombs tests, an intrinsic erythrocyte defect was suspected. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility and hemoglobin electrophoresis were normal. Autohemolysis of incubated erythrocytes was marked. Hemolysis was uncorrected by glucose but partially corrected by ATP. With the exception of pyruvate kinase (PK), all of the erythrocyte enzymes measured had greater activities than those of control Beagle erythrocytes. In comparison to moderately reticulocyte-rich controls. PK activity was low in the affected Beagle. Erythrocyte phosphoenolpyruvate content was increased significantly as expected in PK deficiency. The kinetic constant (Km) for phosphoenolpyruvate was lower than that of normal control dogs, a finding in agreement with studies of PK from deficient Basenjis. On these bases a diagnosis of PK deficiency was made.  相似文献   

16.
Autoantibodies and erythrocyte membrane proteins were analyzed in a case of a dog with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). In crisis phase, antiglobulin test was positive. The eluate from the erythrocytes of the dog with AIHA gave agglutination against autologus erythrocytes. Immunoglobulin subclasses in the eluate were revealed to be IgG and IgA by the double diffusion test. Comparing the SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of erythrocyte membrane proteins between the crisis and remission phases, there was a change in the protein on protein 4.1 region. However, there were no changes in blood group typings in two phases.  相似文献   

17.
The hemolytic effect of onion consumption in dogs with hereditary high erythrocyte reduced glutathione and potassium concentrations (designated HK dogs) was compared with that in clinically normal dogs. Twelve hours after oral administration of boiled onions (200 g/dog), hemoglobin concentration decreased to 84.4% of the initial value in HK dogs; it decreased only to 90.5% in clinically normal dogs. At 24 hours, methemoglobin concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in HK dogs than in clinically normal dogs. The concentration of erythrocyte oxidized glutathione increased about fivefold at 10 hours in HK dogs, whereas it did not change during the experimental period in clinically normal dogs. In addition, at 12 hours, the proportion of erythrocytes containing Heinz bodies increased to 24.4% in HK dogs, but increased only to 1.2% in clinically normal dogs. Thus, results indicated that HK dogs were more susceptible to the oxidant action of onions than were clinically normal dogs.  相似文献   

18.
A direct flow cytometric erythrocyte immunofluorescence assay (FC) was developed and compared with the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) for detection of erythrocyte-bound immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) and complement (C3) in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Tests were performed on erythrocytes from 13 healthy nonanemic dogs and from 13 anemic dogs with IMHA. The FC and DAT were negative for erythrocyte-bound immunoglobulin in all healthy dogs. The FC was negative for erythrocyte-bound C3 in 12 healthy dogs and positive in 1 healthy dog, and the DAT was negative for C3 in all healthy dogs. Of the 13 IMHA dogs tested for erythrocyte-bound IgG, 12 were positive using the FC and 7 were positive using the DAT. Sensitivity for the detection of erythrocyte-bound IgG in the 26 dogs was 92% for FC and 53% for DAT. Specificity for detection of erythrocyte bound IgG for FC and DAT was 100%. The addition of IgM and/ or C3 did not increase the sensitivity for FC or DAT. In this group of dogs, the FC provided a more rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, objective method to quantitate erythrocyte-bound immunoglobulin and/or complement compared with the currently used DAT.  相似文献   

19.
Detection of autoantibody, complement, or both bound to RBC is an essential requirement for unequivocal diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs. An enzyme-linked antiglobulin test was adapted for laboratory diagnosis of this disease. The refinement and routine use of this assay have allowed further observation of the pathogenesis of the disease process. In particular, degree of hemolysis can be related to the degree of RBC sensitization associated with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, and this correlation is highest for IgG autoantibody. Results indicate that autoantibody isotype might have an important role in the hemolytic process.  相似文献   

20.
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVGG) was administered to 13 of 37 dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. All dogs received concurrent prednisone therapy, 14 dogs also received cyclophosphamide; and a single dog each received cyclosporine, azathioprines, and danazol. Dogs that responded to prednisone therapy without IVGG generally did so within 7 days (mean ± standard deviation = 5.6 ± 2.9 days). Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered after 10.4 ± 6.6 days of prednisone therapy as an intravenous infusion of 0.5 g/kg (range 0.25 to 0.73 g/kg). Eleven dogs received a single treatment, 2 dogs each received 2 treatments. No relevant adverse effects were noted. Eleven dogs had an increase in PCV of at least 4% 2.2 ±1.5 days after IVGG infusion. In 10 of these dogs, the PCV continued to increase until the time of hospital discharge. One responder died 1 hour after the increase in PCV, 1 dog was euthanized within 24 hours of IVGG administration, and 1 dog had no response over a period of 13 days. Results of this study suggest that IVGG therapy may be of value in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia that do not respond within 7 days of appropriate corticosteroid therapy.  相似文献   

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