共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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抗体是一类能特异性识别并结合抗原的免疫球蛋白，也是机体体液免疫的主要成分。随着科学技术的发展及对抗体研究的深入，抗体的应用领域不断扩展，可作为亲和配体或探针用于蛋白互相作用、蛋白与核酸相互作用、生物大分子定位与分布等研究，也可作为免疫抑制剂或治疗药物用于免疫性疾病、肿瘤、感染等疾病的治疗，还可结合各种标记技术用于疾病诊断、食品安全检测和环境监测。但传统抗体生产成本高、组织穿透力差、免疫排斥反应等缺点限制了其在疾病治疗等领域的广泛应用。近年来，科学家们致力于新型小分子抗体的寻找和研究，先后研制出嵌合抗体、小分子抗体、双特异性抗体等新型抗体。其中，纳米抗体（nanobody，Nb）又称重链可变区（variable heavy chain domain，VHH）抗体，是一种仅由一个重链可变区组成的单域抗体。纳米抗体保留了重链抗体完整的抗原结合能力，且具有分子质量小、组织穿透性强、抗原亲和力高、能识别隐藏表位、免疫原性低、结构稳定、水溶性好、生产成本低、易于产业化等优点，在疾病诊断、癌症和感染性疾病治疗、小分子药物及毒素残留检测等领域展现出巨大的应用前景。作者首先介绍了纳米抗体的特点，然后简述了纳米抗体的制备流程，重点综述了纳米抗体在疾病诊断、疾病治疗、食品安全和环境监测等领域的应用，最后对纳米抗体在兽医临床的应用前景进行了分析和展望。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是一种侵害猪的烈性传染病,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)规定其为必须报告的动物疫病。目前,在世界范围内仍无针对其的商品化疫苗和药物,使得综合防控面临着严峻挑战。防控非洲猪瘟疫情只能依靠准确的诊断和可靠的早期监测技术,因此,快速、准确、灵敏、方便的检测方法对于净化和预防非洲猪瘟具有重要意义。纳米抗体(Nanobody,Nb)是一种新型抗体,其结构简单、分子量小,易于改造且具有强稳定性、高特异性、高亲和力、低免疫原性、能识别隐蔽表位、组织穿透力强以及易于制备等特点,应用前景广泛,故备受关注。本文归纳总结了非洲猪瘟的检测方法和技术手段,探讨了纳米抗体在非洲猪瘟诊断中的应用现状,并对其未来发展方向做出展望。 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌病是危害多种动物和人类的传染病,也是我国重点防控的人畜共患传染病之一。受市场等因素调节,牛羊反刍动物数量增加,且动物及其产品流通频繁,动物疫病发生风险加大,许多地方畜间布病呈上升趋势。为切实加强畜间布病防控工作,肃南县按照省、市业务部门的防控要求,结合当地高寒牧区畜间布病流行实际,制订防控工作计划,全面落实动物疫病主动监测、定点检疫、消毒灭源、阳性畜扑杀及无害化处理综合防治措施,取得一定成效。 相似文献
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Babiuk LA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,164(3):188-201
Conventional vaccines have been used for some 200 years, primarily to control infectious diseases. It is envisaged that such vaccines will continue to be used and new ones developed using conventional technology. However, in addition to conventional vaccines, novel approaches using biotechnology are already in use and many more are in various stages of development. These novel vaccines are not only being used to control infectious diseases, but also to improve productivity of livestock by modulating hormones, for gender selection, as well as in controlling ectoparasites. The recent developments in vaccination technology in all of these areas are described. 相似文献
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Inoculation of plasmid DNA, encoding an immunogenic protein gene of an infectious agent, stands out as a novel approach for
developing new generation vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases of animals. The potential of DNA vaccines to act
in presence of maternal antibodies, its stability and cost effectiveness and the non-requirement of cold chain have heightened
the prospects. Even though great strides have been made in nucleic acid vaccination, still there are many areas that need
further research for its wholesome practical implementation. Major areas of concern are vaccine delivery, designing of suitable
vectors and cytotoxic T cell responses. Also, the induction of immune responses by DNA vaccines is inconclusive due to the
lack of knowledge regarding the concentration of the protein expressed in vivo. Alternative delivery systems having higher transfection efficiency and the use of cytokines, as immunomodulators, needs
to be further explored. Recently, efforts are being made to modulate and prolong the active life of dendritic cells, in order
to make antigen presentation a more efficacious one. For combating diseases like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),
influenza, malaria and tuberculosis in humans; and foot and mouth disease, Aujesky’s disease, swine fever, rabies, canine
distemper and brucellosis in animals, DNA vaccine clinical trials are underway. This review highlights the salient features
of DNA vaccines, and measures to enhance their efficacy so as to devise an effective and novel vaccination strategy against
animal diseases. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: The domestic animals/wildlife interface is becoming a global issue of growing interest. However, despite studies on wildlife diseases being in expansion, the epidemiological role of wild animals in the transmission of infectious diseases remains unclear most of the time. Multiple diseases affecting livestock have already been identified in wildlife, especially in wild ungulates. The first objective of this paper was to establish a list of infections already reported in European wild ungulates. For each disease/infection, three additional materials develop examples already published, specifying the epidemiological role of the species as assigned by the authors. Furthermore, risk factors associated with interactions between wild and domestic animals and regarding emerging infectious diseases are summarized. Finally, the wildlife surveillance measures implemented in different European countries are presented. New research areas are proposed in order to provide efficient tools to prevent the transmission of diseases between wild ungulates and livestock. 相似文献
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Goddeeris BM 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,87(3-4):391-394
A few reflections are made on the future strategies and approaches for combating infectious diseases of livestock, keeping into consideration public concern on food quality and availability. The policy of eradication of pathogens/diseases instead of vaccination has rendered livestock naive to certain pathogens and as a consequence susceptible to epidemic outbreaks, even more so as we have to conclude that outside attack is quite often difficult to control. Therefore, immunoprophylactic measures in livestock remain top priority and will in the future focus more on the induction of mucosal immunity and the activation of innate immunity. 相似文献
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回顾了新中国成立60年来,我国兽医防疫科技水平逐步提高,应对突发新的重大动物传染病的快速反应和疾病预防控制能力显著增强,消灭或有效控制了一些长期危害我国的重大动物传染病,兽用疫苗研究开发能力显著增强,取得丰硕成果,动物防控体系和人员队伍进一步健全完备,总结了60年来我国兽医科技事业的辉煌成就。 相似文献
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在养殖业生产过程中,动物疾病防控是非常重要的工作,防控工作做得成功与否,事关养殖业成效,直接影响养殖户经济收入,做好动物疾病防控就显得尤为重要了,本人认为要做好动物疾病防控工作,就从平时日常管理做起,建立一整套完善的饲养管理制度,为畜禽提供优异的圈舍环境和优质的饲草料,做好防寒防暑措施,落实动物疫病防控措施,增强动物个体抗病能力,就会有效地降低动物疾病的发生,尤其是传染病发生都可以避免;即使发生传染病,也能及时得到有效控制。在大规模养殖过程中,我们要把重点放在做好饲养管理,确保各项生理指标健康,增加个体抗病能力,从而增强群体抗病能力,而不是忙于治疗个别病畜,否则会因小失大,会使动物疾病防控工作完全陷入被动局面。为此不难看出,动物饲养管理和疾病防控工作有着密切关系,本人通过调查研究、查阅资料,对动物饲养管理与疾病防控的关系进行探讨。 相似文献
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新发传染病主要是人畜共患病,是世界经济和公共健康的沉重负担。这就要求加强检测、鉴别和监视传染病的能力方面投入。高致病禽流感H5N1、新甲型流感("猪流感")H1N1、非典型性肺炎、西尼罗河病毒、地方流行性狂犬病、布鲁氏菌病以及发展中国家暴发的其它人畜共患病及近期猪抗甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,是人类、动物及其环境相互作用的典型范例。面临中国动物和人类常见的新发传染病坚持"同一个健康"战略,这就要求业已存在的兽医和人医及公共卫生机构的通力合作。人的疾病控制系统与动物疾病控制系统虽然都已经建立,但人畜共患病的暴发表明兽医机构和人医机构密切合作的重要性。在保证环境健康的同时,通过动物疾病和人类疾病监测系统的密切合作,中国就一定能够控制人畜共患病。以这种方式进行疾病预防、监测与应对,各层面及各动物生产部门间有效的兽医推广是加强和保持健康生态环境中人和动物健康的有效办法。中国还需大量努力才能达到从制度上保证预防和消灭疾病。透明而准确的人与动物疾病监督通常会产生经济且可持续的预防疾病方法。加拿大在兽医、公共健康、食品安全和人畜共患病预防方面所发挥的作用就是与中国农业部合作,促进必要的、可持续的兽医监督网络的建设。 相似文献