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1.
DONG Jianhong 《干旱区科学》2022,14(6):637-652
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to the most serious habitat degradation in China, especially in the loess hilly area of the Yellow River Basin, where the ecological environment is relatively fragile. The contradiction between economic development and ecological environment protection has aroused widespread concern. In this study, we used the habitat quality of Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST-HQ) model at different scales to evaluate the dynamic evolution characteristics of habitat quality in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province of China. The spatiotemporal variations of habitat quality were analyzed by spatial autocorrelation. A Geographical Detector (Geodetector) model was used to explore the driving factors that influencing the spatial differentiation of habitat quality, including natural factors, socio-economic factors, and ecological protection factors. The results showed that the habitat quality index of Lanzhou City decreased from 0.4638 to 0.4548 during 2000-2018. The areas with reduced the habitat quality index were mainly located in the Yellow River Basin and Qinwangchuan Basin, where are the main urban areas and the new economic development areas, respectively. The spatial distribution of habitat quality presented a trend of high in the surrounding areas and low in the middle, and showed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. With the increase of study scale, the spatial distribution of habitat quality changed from concentrated to dispersed. The spatial differentiation of habitat quality in the study area was the result of multiple factors. Among them, topographic relief and slope were the key factors. The synergistic enhancement among these driving factors intensified the spatial differentiation of habitat quality. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for land resources utilization and ecosystem restoration in the arid and semi-arid land. 相似文献
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青海都兰绿洲-荒漠交错带植物特征值及多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用样方调查法对察汗乌苏绿洲-荒漠交错带五个不同封育区植被的群落结构和特征值进行调查分析,并运用α-多样性指数(shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、群落均匀度指数E)分析生物多样性变化.对比2008和2009年不同封育区植被盖度,密度,生物量等植物特征值表明,到2009年,2003年荒滩造林封育区、安... 相似文献
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As an important natural resource,forest land plays a key role in the maintenance of ecological security.However,variations of forest land in the agropastoral ecotone of northern China(AENC)have attracted little attention.Taking the AENC as an example and based on remote-sensing images from 2000,2010 to 2020,we explored the spatiotemporal variation of forest land and its driving factors using the land-use transfer matrix,spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial error model.The results showed that from 2000 to 2020,the total area of forest land in the AENC increased from 75,547.52 to 77,359.96 km2 and the changes were dominated by the transformations among forest land,grassland and cropland,which occurred mainly in areas with the elevation of 500-2000 m and slope of 15°-25°.There was obvious spatial agglomeration of forest land in the AENC from 2000 to 2020,with hot spots of forest land gathered in the southern marginal areas of the Yanshan Mountains and the low mountainous and hilly areas of the Loess Plateau.The sub-hot spots around hot spots moved southward,the sub-cold spots spread to the surrounding areas and the cold spots disappeared.The spatiotemporal variation of forest land resulted from the interactions of natural environment,socioeconomic and policy factors from 2000 to 2020.The variables of average annual precipitation,slope,terrain relief,ecological conversion program and afforestation policy for barren mountains affected the spatial pattern of forest land positively,while those of annual average temperature,slope and road network density influenced it negatively. 相似文献
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基于GIS的三江源地区物种多样性保护优先性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据我们的多次科考调查和青海省对野生动物的调查结果等有关资料图件,对三江源地区的物种多样性和人类干扰因素等进行了分析和评估。选择9种鸟类、15种哺乳动物、20种植物作为本研究的指示物种,利用GIS制作了主要的珍稀濒危野生动植物分布图。选择放牧、人口、居民点、公路等因素作为生物多样性的主要干扰因素,制作出三江源地区干扰强度空间分布图。然后根据物种的丰富度和特有性、脆弱性和干扰程度等指标分析了三江源地区物种多样性保护优先性地区,做出了物种多样性保护优先地区空间分布图。 相似文献
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利用中国北方269个气象站点1960—2014年逐日平均气温数据,以候均温为统计数据,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall(M-K)检验、累积距平、Morlet小波功率谱及相关分析等方法,探讨了中国北方严寒期的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:近54 a来,中国北方各区域严寒期起始候推迟,终止候提前,候数缩短,其中,西北地区起始候推迟最显著,华北地区终止候提前最突出,华北地区候数缩短最长。严寒期空间差异显著,表现为:自南向北,起始候提前、终止候推迟、严寒期延长的趋势更突出;且严寒期变短地区多于变长地区。突变和小波分析表明,北方严寒期在1980s末到1990s初发生了突变,东北、华北和西北地区的严寒期分别存在4.00 a、7.09 a和3.19 a的优势周期。此外,纬度每增大1°,严寒期延长1.30 p;北半球极涡面积指数和亚洲区极涡面积指数是中国北方严寒期变化的重要因素。 相似文献
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Land cover in the Chinese Loess Plateau has undergone dramatic changes since the late 1980s.Revealing the trend in land cover change and eco-environmental quality response of different geomorphic units in this stage is a realistic requirement for promoting sustainable development of the Chinese Loess Plateau.Based on the data of geomorphic units and land cover in 1990,2000,2010 and 2018 of the Chinese Loess Plateau,we studied the trend of land cover change and eco-environmental quality response of different geomorphic units by using a significance index of land cover change,a proportion index of land cover change and an eco-environmental response model.The results indicated that from 1990 to 2018,the areas of forestland and construction land substantially increased,whereas those of cropland,grassland,wetland and unused land considerably decreased.Land cover change exhibited large geomorphic differences,and the main conversion of land cover was from cropland into other land types.Unstable trend of land cover change in the loess tablelands and sandy loess hills declined,whereas the unstable trends in the other geomorphic units enhanced.Eco-environmental quality varied among different geomorphic units.The expansion of construction land and degradation of forestland,grassland and wetland resulted in the deterioration of eco-environmental quality.The conversion of cropland and unused land into forestland and grassland,and the conversion of grassland into forestland were the main factors that drove the improvement of eco-environmental quality.The findings of this study may provide theoretical reference and support decision making for the optimization of land use structure and the improvement of eco-environmental quality on the Chinese Loess Plateau. 相似文献
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为验证胡杨Populus euphratica春尺蠖Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff分布的河流廊道效应,以新疆巴楚县夏河林区胡杨林分布区作为研究区域,研究胡杨春尺蠖的传播规律,在前期采用多时相、中等分辨率的MODIS数据提取2001、2006、2011、2016年虫害发生区域的基础上,结合实地调查,对河流廊道效应进行验证。结果表明:近16年来胡杨春尺蠖的发生面积逐年增加,且增加趋势较为明显,无虫害区占比下降达59.48百分点;春尺蠖的空间分布体现出明显的河流廊道效应,距河流越远,虫害发生率越低,河流是其重要的传播途径;林业部门要注重对胡杨春尺蠖发生的重点区域进行精准防治,使春尺蠖发生的热点区域缩小。 相似文献
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As the largest inland river basin of China, the Tarim River Basin (TRB), known for its various natural resources and fragile environment, has an increased risk of ecological crisis due to the intensive exploitation and utilization of water and land resources. Since the Ecological Water Diversion Project (EWDP), which was implemented in 2001 to save endangered desert vegetation, there has been growing evidence of ecological improvement in local regions, but few studies have performed a comprehensive ecological vulnerability assessment of the whole TRB. This study established an evaluation framework integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy method to estimate the ecological vulnerability of the TRB covering climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic indicators during 2000-2017. Based on the geographical detector model, the importance of ten driving factors on the spatial-temporal variations of ecological vulnerability was explored. The results showed that the ecosystem of the TRB was fragile, with more than half of the area (57.27%) dominated by very heavy and heavy grades of ecological vulnerability, and 28.40% of the area had potential and light grades of ecological vulnerability. The light grade of ecological vulnerability was distributed in the northern regions (Aksu River and Weigan River catchments) and western regions (Kashgar River and Yarkant River catchments), while the heavy grade was located in the southern regions (Kunlun Mountains and Qarqan River catchments) and the Mainstream catchment. The ecosystems in the western and northern regions were less vulnerable than those in the southern and eastern regions. From 2000 to 2017, the overall improvement in ecological vulnerability in the whole TRB showed that the areas with great ecological improvement increased by 46.11%, while the areas with ecological degradation decreased by 9.64%. The vegetation cover and potential evapotranspiration (PET) were the obvious driving factors, explaining 57.56% and 21.55% of the changes in ecological vulnerability across the TRB, respectively. In terms of ecological vulnerability grade changes, obvious spatial differences were observed in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the TRB due to the different vegetation and hydrothermal conditions. The alpine source region of the TRB showed obvious ecological improvement due to increased precipitation and temperature, but the alpine meadow of the Kaidu River catchment in the Middle Tianshan Mountains experienced degradation associated with overgrazing and local drought. The improved agricultural management technologies had positive effects on farmland ecological improvement, while the desert vegetation in oasis-desert ecotones showed a decreasing trend as a result of cropland reclamation and intensive drought. The desert riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was greatly improved due to the implementation of the EWDP, which has been active for tens of years. These results provide comprehensive knowledge about ecological processes and mechanisms in the whole TRB and help to develop environmental restoration measures based on different ecological vulnerability grades in each sub-catchment. 相似文献
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基于突变级数模型的农村生态环境压力评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
梁流涛 《干旱区资源与环境》2013,(7):46-51
从农村工业污染、农业面源污染和农村生态服务价值变化三方面出发,构建农村生态环境压力指标,以省(市)为核算单元,利用突变级数模型定量评价1990-2006年间农村生态环境压力,并分析农村生态环境压力的时空分异特征。研究结果表明:1)1990-2006年间农村发展对生态环境的压力逐步增大,农业面源污染和农村工业污染对生态环境的压力占主导地位;2)农村生态环境压力相对较大的地区主要分布在农业集约化程度较高、农村工业较发达、人口众多的地区,如浙江、湖南、广东、四川、河北、河南、江苏和山东等省市。3)不同区域农村生态环境压力的来源差异也较大,因此不同区域应据此实行差别化的管理措施。 相似文献
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风景区生态安全格局构建方法研究——以北京妙峰山风景区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
景观中某些关键性点、位置的破坏对整个生态安全具有负面的后果,研究构建景观层次的生态安全格局已成为当前景观生态学研究的热点。以北京妙峰山风景区为例,运用景观生态安全格局理论,借助有效费用距离模型(ECDM),究构建了妙峰山景区生态安全格局过程。结果表明:应用有效费用距离模型(ECMD)建立的研究区景观生态安全格局能够反映该区的实际情况,整个风景区面积处于低安全区有21.46 km2,中度安全区有21.78km2,高安全区有6.72 km2。同时,根据生态安全格局图与实际风景区内的人为干扰因子叠加,找到主要的胁迫因素,得出应将风景区内的采石矿点作为关键战略点优先实施生态恢复与治理的对策。 相似文献
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The community assembly rules and species coexistence have always been interested by ecologists.The community phylogenetic structure is the consequence of the interaction process between the organisms and the abiotic environmentand has been used to explain the relative impactof abiotic and biotic factors on species co-existence. In recent years, grassland degradation and biodiversity loss have become increasingly severe on the Mongolian Plateau,while the drivers for these changes are not clearly explored, especially whether climate change is a main factor is debated in academia. In this study, we examined the phylogenetic structure of grassland communities along five transects of climate aridity on the Mongolian Plateau, and analyzed their relations with environmental factors, with the aims to understand theformation mechanismof the grasslandcommunities and the role of climatic factors.We surveyed grassland communities at 81 sites along the five transects,and calculated theirnet relatedness index (NRI)attwo different quadratscales (smallscale of 1 m2 and largescale of 5 m2) to characterize thecommunity phylogenetic structure andanalyzeitsrelationship withthe key 11 environmental factors. We also calculatedthe generalized UniFrac distance (GUniFrac)among the grassland communities to quantify the influence of spatial distance and environmental distance on the phylogenetic β diversity. The results indicated that plant community survey using the largescalequadrat contained sufficient species to represent community compositions. The community phylogenetic structure of grasslandswas significantly overdispersed at both the small and largescales, and the degree of overdispersion was greater at the large scalethan at the smallscale, suggesting that competitive exclusion instead of habitat filtering played a major role in determination of community composition. Altitude was the main factor affecting the community phylogenetic structure, whereas climatic factors, such as precipitation and temperature, had limited influence. Theprincipal component analysis of the 11 environmental factorsrevealed that 94.04% of their variation was accounted by the first four principal components.Moreover only 14.29% and 23.26% of the variation in community phylogenetic structurewere explained by the first four principal componentsat the small and largescales, respectively. Phylogenetic β diversity was slightly significantly correlated with both spatial distance and environmental distance, however,environmental distancehada less explanatory powerthan spatial distance, indicating a limited environmental effect on the community phylogenetic structure of grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau. In view of the limited effect of climatic factors on the community phylogenetic structure of grasslands, climate change may have a smaller impact on grassland degradation than previously thought. 相似文献
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西北少数民族地区经济发展空间分异研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
基于地理信息系统技术,运用主成分分析和空间自相关分析方法对西北少数民族地区经济发展的空间分异进行了研究。首先对西北少数民族各地区的经济总体发展水平进行了综合评价与分析,并划分为四类区域;其次,揭示了各地区经济总体发展水平的空间分布特征。研究区在整体空间分布上呈现出显著的空间集聚分布模式。在局部空间分布上,经济发展水平较高的聚集区太少、较低的聚集区太多,且存在极化效应较强的"热点"现象。 相似文献
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玉米灰斑病空间流行动态模拟模型组建及传播距离研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以玉米品种郑单958为试材接种灰斑病菌,在田间形成不同发病梯度,分析病害传播的空间流行动态,利用SAS9.13统计软件分别构建病害传播梯度的一维、二维和三维模型。结果表明:1.指数模型和GOMPERTZ模型是沈阳地区玉米灰斑病单向传播梯度的最佳模拟模型;2.高斯模型是模拟病害平行于垄向和垂直于垄向方向传播的最佳模型;3.含有(x2+y2)形式的圆形模型和含有a (x2+y2)+bx+cy+d形式的椭圆形模型是模拟病害在二维平面上传播过程的最佳模型。通过模型推导得到病害的传播距离约20~50m。 相似文献
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为研究典型黄土残塬沟壑区啮齿动物群落的分布格局及其对环境变化的响应，于1990—2020年对山西省隰县林草区、沟底作物区、塬面作物区和塬面果园区4种不同样区的啮齿动物群落进行调查，分析不同时间段啮齿动物的群落结构、多样性特征和空间生态位。结果显示，研究期间隰县啮齿动物整体密度呈高—低—高的趋势，由1990—1994年的12.71%逐步下降到2005—2009年的3.39%，之后又上升至2015—2020年的7.83%；作物区的啮齿动物群落多样性特征与林草区、塬面果园区的多样性特征有显著差异，而沟底作物区和塬面作物区的啮齿动物群落多样性特征无显著差异；不同啮齿动物间的Pianka空间生态位重叠指数显示啮齿动物对环境资源的需求和利用有一定的差异性。表明生境类型会影响啮齿动物群落的分布格局，而环境的变化是导致其格局变化的重要因素。 相似文献
17.
Pingping ZHANG 《干旱区科学》2017,9(3):379-393
Understanding the spatial pattern of plant species diversity and the influencing factors has important implications for the conservation and management of ecosystem biodiversity. The transitional zone between biomes in desert ecosystems, however, has received little attention in that regard. In this study, we conducted a quantitative field survey(including 187 sampling plots) in a 40-km~2 study area to determine the spatial pattern of plant species diversity and analyze the influencing factors in a Gobi Desert within the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. A total of 42 plant species belonging to 16 families and 39 genera were recorded. Shrub and semi-shrub species generally represented the major part of the plant communities(covering 90% of the land surface), while annual and perennial herbaceous species occupied a large proportion of the total recorded species(71%). Patrick richness index(R), Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'), Simpson's dominance index(D), and Pielou's evenness index(J) were all moderately spatially variable, and the variability increased with increasing sampling area. The semivariograms for R and H' were best fitted with Gaussian models while the semivariograms for D and J were best fitted with exponential models. Nugget-to-still ratios indicated a moderate spatial autocorrelation for R, H', and D while a strong spatial autocorrelation was observed for J. The spatial patterns of R and H' were closely related to the geographic location within the study area, with lower values near the oasis and higher values near the mountains. However, there was an opposite trend for D. R, H', and D were significantly correlated with elevation, soil texture, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and total porosity(P0.05). Generally speaking, locations at higher elevations tended to have higher species richness and diversity and the higher elevations were characterized by higher values in sand and gravel contents, bulk density, and saturated hydraulic conductivity and also by lower values in total porosity. Furthermore, spatial variability of plant species diversity was dependent on the sampling area. 相似文献
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西部荒漠典型区LUCC及景观格局时空变化驱动机制研究
——以尉犁县为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在GIS和遥感技术支持下,利用景观生态学的相关指标,采用1995年和2000年Landsat TM影像为基础数据,对塔里木河流域核心区—尉犁县土地利用/覆盖变化过程进行了定量分析。结果显示:土地利用覆被动态变化是"二增三减",即耕地、建设用地面积增加,林地、草地、未利用地面积减少。景观分析表明:在人类活动的干扰下,斑块数目增加,景观破碎度上升,景观多样性下降,草地优势度降低,耕地和未利用地优势度增加,研究区生态系统结构趋向简单,功能趋向减弱。驱动力分析表明,研究区的人类活动历史、人口素质、开发方式对土里利用/覆盖变化的发展趋势有决定作用,降水、风速、土壤质地、植被覆盖度等自然因素对其也有一定影响。 相似文献
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新疆精河流域土壤质量空间分异规律分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以新疆精河流域为研究对象,运用GIS和地统计学的原理与方法.对该区域的pH、水溶性盐分、速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮、有机质等土壤质量要素的空间分异规律进行了定量分析.结果表明:1)流域内土壤质量要素的空间异质性明显,人类的干预程度严重影响土壤的空间异质性;各土壤质量要素的空间变异程度不同,其排列顺序依次为有效磷＞有机质＞碱... 相似文献
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The rapid economic development that the Hotan Oasis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China has undergone in recent years may face some challenges in its ecological environment.Therefore,an analysis of the spatiotemporal changes in ecological environment of the Hotan Oasis is important for its sustainable development.First,we constructed an improved remote sensing-based ecological index(RSEI)in 1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2020 on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform and implemented change detection for their spatial distribution.Second,we performed a spatial autocorrelation analysis on RSEI distribution map and used land-use and land-cover change(LUCC)data to analyze the reasons of RSEI changes.Finally,we investigated the applicability of improved RSEI to arid area.The results showed that mean of RSEI rose from 0.41 to 0.50,showing a slight upward trend.During the 30-a period,2.66% of the regions improved significantly,10.74% improved moderately and 32.21% improved slightly,respectively.The global Moran's I were 0.891,0.889,0.847 and 0.777 for 1990,2000,2010 and 2020,respectively,and the local indicators of spatial autocorrelation(LISA)distribution map showed that the high-high cluster was mainly distributed in the central part of the Hotan Oasis,and the low-low cluster was mainly distributed in the outer edge of the oasis.RSEI at the periphery of the oasis changes from low to high with time,with the fragmentation of RSEI distribution within the oasis increasing.Its distribution and changes are predominantly driven by anthropologic factors,including the expansion of artificial oasis into the desert,the replacement of desert ecosystems by farmland ecosystems,and the increase in the distribution of impervious surfaces.The improved RSEI can reflect the eco-environmental quality effectively of the oasis in arid area with relatively high applicability.The high efficiency exhibited with this approach makes it convenient for rapid,high frequency and macroscopic monitoring of eco-environmental quality in study area. 相似文献