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1.
The quality of crude oil extracted from Tombul (Round) hazelnut, grown in the Giresun province of Turkey, was evaluated for its fatty acid, triacylglycerol (TAG), tocol, and phytosterol compositions. Oleic acid contributed 82.78% to the total fatty acids, followed by linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Among 12 TAGs separated, 11 were identified (including one unknown): LLL, OLL, PLL, OOL, POL, PPL, OOO, POO, PPO, SOO, and PSO (where P, palmitoyl; S, stearoyl; O, oleoyl; and L, linoleoyl). The main components were OOO (71.31%), OOL (12.26%), and POO (9.45%), reflecting the high content of oleic acid present in hazelnut oil. Seven tocol isoforms (four tocopherols and three tocotrienols) and eight phytosterols as well as cholesterol were positively identified and quantified; among these, alpha-tocopherol (40.40 mg/100 g) and beta-sitosterol (134.05 mg/100 g) were predominant in hazelnut oil and contributed 78.74 and 81.28% to the total tocols and phytosterols present, respectively. Tocotrienols were detected in small amounts (1.02% to the total tocols). The crude hazelnut oil extracted from Turkish Tombul hazelnut, thus, serves as a good source of nutrients, bioactives, and health-promoting components.  相似文献   

2.
Carrot root oil (SCO), obtained by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction, was characterized and compared to a commercial carrot oil (MCO) and a virgin olive oil (VOO) (cv. Coratina). SCO showed much higher contents of carotenes, phenolics, waxes, phytosterols, and sesquiterpene and monoterpene volatiles. In SCO, the most prominent components present in the fully investigated analytical fractions (fatty acids, triglycerides, waxes, phytosterols, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, superior triterpene alcohols, and volatiles) were, respectively, linolenic acid, trilinolein, waxes C38, beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, 1-hexacosanol, 24-methylencycloartanol and cycloartenol, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, alpha-pinene, and sabinene. In VOO, the major constituents of the above analytical classes were, respectively, oleic acid, trilinolein, waxes C36, unsaturated volatile C6 aldehydes (trans-2-hexenal most markedly), and the same prominent sterols and superior alcohols found in SCO. In MCO, which also contained a proportion of unknown plant oil, several components showed magnitudes that were lower compared to SCO but higher with respect to VOO. The last had the aliphatic and triterpene alcohol concentration higher compared to that of both SCO and MCO. Several chemometric methods, applied to different analytical data sets, proved to be effective in grouping the three oil kinds.  相似文献   

3.
Sixty-one molecular species of triacylglycerols (TAG) and diacylglycerols produced from castor microsomal incubations incorporating six different (14)C-labeled fatty acids have been identified and quantified. The preference for incorporation into TAG was in the order ricinoleate > oleate > linoleate > linolenate > stearate > palmitate. Ricinoleate was the major fatty acid incorporated, whereas stearate, linolenate, and palmitate were incorporated at low levels. Twenty-one molecular species of acylglycerols (HPLC peaks) in castor oil have also been assigned. The levels of TAG in castor oil are RRR (triricinolein) > RR-TAG > R-TAG > no R-TAG. The levels of the molecular species within the groups of RR-TAG, RL-TAG, and LL-TAG individually are ricinoleate > linoleate > oleate > linolenate, stearate, and palmitate. The results of the labeled fatty acid incorporation are consistent with ricinoleate being preferentially driven into TAG and oleate being converted to ricinoleate in castor oil biosynthesis.  相似文献   

4.
Poppy seed oil (Oleum Papaveris Seminis) is used for culinary and pharmaceutical purposes, as well as for making soaps, paints, and varnishes. Astonishingly, hardly anything was yet known about the volatile compounds of this promising comestible. Likewise, there are no current published data about the triglyceride (TAG) composition of poppy seed oils available. In this investigation solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with DVB/Carboxen/PDMS Stable-Flex fiber was applied to the study of volatile compounds of several seed oil samples from Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae). 1-Pentanol (3.3-4.9%), 1-hexanal (10.9-30.9%), 1-hexanol (5.3-33.7%), 2-pentylfuran (7.2-10.0%), and caproic acid (2.9-11.5%) could be identified as the main volatile compounds in all examined poppy seed oil samples. Furthermore, the TAG composition of these oils was analyzed by MALDI-ReTOF- and ESI-IT-MS/MS. The predominant TAG components were found to be composed of linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid, comprising approximately 70% of the oils. TAG patterns of the different poppy varieties were found to be very homogeneous, showing also no significant differences in terms of the applied pressing method of the plant seeds.  相似文献   

5.
The major constituents in grape seed and pine bark extracts are proanthocyanidins. To evaluate material available to consumers, select lots were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) LC/MS was used to identify monomers, dimers, and trimers present. GC/MS analyses led to the identification of ethyl esters of hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, as well as smaller phenolic and terpene components. The GPC molecular weight (MW) distribution indicated components ranging from approximately 162 to approximately 5500 MW (pine bark less than 1180 MW and grape seed approximately 1180 to approximately 5000 MW). MALDI-TOF MS analyses showed that pine bark did not contain oligomers with odd numbers of gallate units and grape seed contained oligomers with both odd and even numbers of gallate. Reflectron MALDI-TOF MS identified oligomers up to a pentamer and heptamer, and linear MALDI-TOF MS showed a mass range nearly double that of reflectron analyses.  相似文献   

6.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated in the presence of cis-9,trans-11 or trans-10,cis-12 isomers of free conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and the effects of the isomers on the regioisomerisms of triacylglycerol (TAG) of the yeast were elucidated. Both isomers constituted about 34% of all fatty acids and increased drastically the number of different TAG species. Nearly all of the species contained CLA in at least one sn-position. In the most abundant species analyzed (20% of total species), the cis-9,trans-11 isomer appeared in combination with monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1, C:18:1) whereas trans-10,cis-12 isomer was most frequently present with a medium chain fatty acid (C10:0 or C12:0) in the sn-2 position and C16:0 in one of the end positions (14% of total species). With either isomer, the amount of TAG species in which CLA encompassed all sn-positions was ca. 4%. Thus, S. cerevisiae can be used to produce edible single cell oil characterized by very heterogeneous distribution of CLA among the different TAG species.  相似文献   

7.
Crude composition, lipid composition, and tocopherols, ascorbic acid, cholesterol, phytosterols, and squalene content together with fatty acids and antiplatelet activities of total, neutral, and polar lipids of avgotaracho (wax-covered, dried, and salted Mugil cephalus roe) were studied and compared with those of similar products. Wax and steryl esters accounted for 63.7% of roe lipids followed by phosphatidylcholine (PC), which comprised 20.3%. Wax esters were rich in saturated fatty alcohols, monounsaturated fatty acids, and long chain omega3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The fatty acid distribution in roe total and neutral lipids was similar to that of wax esters, while in polar lipids, the omega3 HUFA predominated. Avgotaracho provides significant amounts of protein, fat, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and PC, certain amounts of squalene and phytosterols, and cholesterol at levels comparable to hens' eggs. Total, polar, and neutral lipids of avgotaracho exhibited a strong inhibition of platelet activating factors and thrombin, with polar lipids being more active. The results obtained indicate that avgotaracho is a food of high nutritive value, rich in protein and lipids with a healthy lipid profile in terms of omega3/omega6 ratio and major fatty acid classes, while the antiplatelet activity of its oil indicates a putative antithrombotic potential.  相似文献   

8.
Triacylglycerols (TAG) of lard, tallow, egg yolk, chicken skin, palm oil, palm olein, palm stearin, and a transesterified blend of palm stearin and coconut oil (82:18) were investigated by chemical ionization and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Accurate molecular level information of the regioisomeric structures of individual TAGs was achieved. When existing in a TAG molecule of lard, palmitic acid occupied 90-100% of the sn-2 position. Within the major fatty acid combinations in tallow TAGs, the secondary position sn-2 was preferentially occupied in the decreasing order by oleoyl > palmitoyl > stearoyl residues, the order in saturated TAGs being myristoyl > stearoyl = palmitoyl. TAGs in egg yolk were more asymmetric than in chicken skin, with linoleic acid highly specifically attached in the yolk sn-2 carbon. Nearly 50% of yolk TAGs contained 52 carbon atoms with two or three double bonds. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were in the sn-2 location in decreasing quantities in palm oil and its fractions. Triacylglycerols of equal molecular weight behaved similarly in the fractionation process. Randomization of the parent oil TAGs was seen in the transesterified oil. The tandem mass spectrometric analysis applied provided detailed information of the distribution of fatty acids in individual combinations in TAGs.  相似文献   

9.
Epidemiological studies have linked the Mediterranean diet with a low incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Olive oil, the major fat component of this diet, is characterized by antioxidant properties related to their content in catecholic components, particularly oleuropein aglycon. Therefore quantification of these components in edible oils may be important in determining the quality, and consequently its commercial value. The present method allows us to obtain the profile of the phenolic components of the oil from the methanolic extracts of the crude olive oil. In particular tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, elenolic acid, deacetoxyligstroside and deacetoxyoleuropein aglycons, ligstroside and oleuropein aglycons, and 10-hydroxy-oleuropein are clearly identified by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Moreover, oleuropein and its isomers present in the oil are quantified by APCI-MS/MS analysis of the extracts without preliminary separation from other phenolic compounds.  相似文献   

10.
Whole berries, seeds, and pulp/peel of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) were compared in terms of fatty acids, lipid classes, triacylglyerols, phytosterols, fat-soluble vitamins, and beta-carotene. The total lipid contents in the whole berries, seeds, and seedless parts were 2.0, 1.8, and 0.2% (on a fresh weight basis), respectively. Linoleic acid was the dominating fatty acid followed by oleic acid as the second major fatty acid. Palmitic and stearic acids were the major saturates. In pulp/peel oil, the fatty acid profile was characterized by higher amounts of saturates, monoenes, and trienes than in whole berry and seed oils. Neutral lipids comprised >95% of total lipids in whole berry oil and seed oil, while neutral lipids separated in lower level in pulp/peel oil. Triacylglycerols were the predominant neutral lipid subclass and constituted ca. 81.6, 86.6, and 65.1% of total neutral lipids in whole berry, seed, and pulp/peel oils, respectively. Nine triacylglycerol molecular species were detected, wherein three species, C54:3, C52:2, and C54:6, were presented to the extent of approximately 91% or above. The highest level of phytosterols was estimated in pulp/peel oil that contained the highest level of unsaponifiables. In both whole berry and seed oils, campesterol and beta-sitosterol were the sterol markers, whereas Delta5-avenasterol and campesterol were the main 4-desmethylsterols in pulp/peel oil. The tocopherols level was much higher in pulp/peel oil than in whole berry and seed oils. beta- and gamma-tocopherols were the major components in whole berry and seed oils, whereas gamma- and alpha-tocopherols were the main constituents in pulp/peel oil. beta-Carotene and vitamin K(1) were also measured in markedly high levels in pulp/peel oil followed by whole berry oil and seed oil, respectively. Information provided by the present work is of importance for further chemical investigation of goldenberry oil and industrial utilization of the berries as a raw material of oils and functional foods.  相似文献   

11.
Crude fat and fatty acid profile of 35 foxtail millets including seven varieties planted in five different regions of China were studied. The fat content ranged from 3.38 to 6.49% (averaging 4.51%). The major fatty acid in foxtail millets was linoleic acid (averaging 66.68%), followed by oleic acid (averaging 16.11%), palmitic acid (averaging 7.42%), stearic acid (averaging 6.84%), and linolenic acid (averaging 2.48%). Two‐way ANOVA showed that fat content was significantly affected by millet variety and cultivation area (P < 0.05). Fatty acids including linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linolenic acid varied significantly in different foxtail millet varieties (P < 0.05), except oleic acid (P > 0.05). Fatty acids including linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid did not change significantly in foxtail millets from different regions (P > 0.05), except linolenic acid (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that oleic acid was negatively correlated with palmitic acid and linoleic acid (P < 0.05), and linolenic acid was positively correlated with palmitic acid and linoleic acid but negatively correlated with stearic acid (P < 0.05). The research showed that millets with good fat composition can be obtained through breeding techniques or cultivation management.  相似文献   

12.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a new technique having a number of advantages for food analysis. This study is the first to demonstrate the use of MALDI-TOF MS to identify isoflavones in soy samples. 2',4',6'-Trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) were both good matrices for isoflavones, but DHB was chosen as the best because it worked well for sample extracts, with good spot-to-spot repeatability. Isoflavones were predominantly ionized in a protonated form with a very small amount of sodium or potassium adduct ions. Fragmentation occurred only through loss of glycosidic residues. Daidzin showed more than twice the response of genistin using MALDI-TOF MS. A simple solid phase extraction of isoflavones from soy samples was developed for MALDI-TOF MS analysis. MALDI-TOF MS can provide an isoflavone profile in 2 min and serves as a powerful tool to identify and study processing changes of isoflavones in soy products.  相似文献   

13.
Sunflower mutant lines with high saturated fatty acid content (palmitic or stearic) in the oil have a completely different set of triacylglycerols (TAG), some of which were not found in standard sunflowers. For optimum seed germination, all of these new TAG species must be effectively catabolized. The behavior of the TAG composition during germination in cotyledons of all these mutant lines showed two different phases: an initial phase (between 0 and 2 days after sowing) with a higher catalytic activity and a preference for TAG containing at least two oleic acid molecules and a second phase with lower TAG degradation rate and a low preference for TAG containing two saturated fatty acids usually accompanied by linoleic acid. Despite the elevated content of saturated fatty acids in some TAG species, the total TAG degradation rate and germination process were similar in these lines, suggesting that sunflower seed lipases do not show a marked preference for any TAG species.  相似文献   

14.
Enzymatically modified soybean oil with caprylic acid (SL), a physical mixture of tricaprylin and soybean oil (PHY), and soybean oil as control were fed (20% of diet weight) to female obese Zucker rats. Both lipids (SL and PHY) have similar total fatty acid composition containing 23.4 mol % caprylic acid (C8:0) but have different lipid structures. After 21 days of feeding, the body weight gain was 36.4% in the SL-fed group and 35.2% in the PHY-fed group, respectively; whereas the body weight of the control group increased 41.6%. Significant differences in the respiratory exchange ratio were observed between the SL and PHY groups. However, the contents of glucose, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and very low density and low density lipoprotein (VLDL + LDL) cholesterol in serum were not significantly different between the SL- and PHY-fed groups or among the three dietary groups (control, SL, and PHY) (p < 0.05). On the other hand, plasma total cholesterol and plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) were significantly higher in SL- and PHY-fed groups than in the control group. In the liver and inguinal adipocyte TAG, C8:0 was found in the SL-fed group, whereas it was not observed in the liver and inguinal adipocyte TAG of the PHY-fed group, which suggests that positional distribution of C8:0 of the TAG molecule is an important consideration in the metabolism of lipids. This study showed that different positional distribution in TAG molecules lead to different metabolic fates, resulting in the change of fatty acid composition in liver and inguinal adipose TAG in female Zucker rats.  相似文献   

15.
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used as a rapid and nondestructive method to determine the oil content and fatty acid composition in intact seeds of perilla [Perilla frutescens var. japonica (Hassk.) Hara] germplasms in Korea. A total of 397 samples (about 2 g of intact seeds) were scanned in the reflectance mode of a scanning monochromator, and the reference values for the oil content and fatty acid composition were measured by gravimetric method and gas-liquid chromatography, respectively. Calibration equations for oil and individual fatty acids were developed using modified partial least-squares regression with internal cross validation (n = 297). The equations for oil and oleic and linolenic acid had lower standard errors of cross-validation (SECV), higher R2 (coefficient of determination in calibration), and higher ratio of unexplained variance divided by variance (1-VR) values than those for palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acid. Prediction of an external validation set (n = 100) showed significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the standard error of prediction (SEP), r2 (coefficient of determination in prediction), and the ratio of standard deviation (SD) of reference data to SEP. The models for oil content and major fatty acids, oleic and linolenic acid, had relatively higher values of SD/SEP(C) and r2 (more than 3.0 and 0.9, respectively), thereby characterizing those equations as having good quantitative information, whereas those of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acid had lower values (below 2.0 and 0.7, respectively), unsuitable for screening purposes. The results indicated that NIRS could be used to rapidly determine oil content and fatty acid composition (oleic and linolenic acid) in perilla seeds in the breeding programs for development of high-quality perilla oil.  相似文献   

16.
Sanchi (Panax notoginseng) root has been widely used as traditional herb to stanch blood, disperse gore and reduce pain in China for centuries. However, the nutritional information about its seed was unknown. Sanchi seeds obtained from Yunnan Province were analyzed for their nutritional composition, fatty acid, amino acid profile and sugar contents. Sanchi seeds were abundant in fats (46.35 %) and proteins (23.90 %). Notably, seven fatty acid compositions were determined and abundant in unsaturated fatty acid (99.56 %), containing 95.71 % oleic acid. Sanchi seed proteins were rich in glutenin, globulin and albumin (28.63, 27.83 and 26.81 %, respectively). Sanchi seed contain 17 kinds of amino acids, of which nine were essential amino acids, accounting for 41.30 %. These nutritional compositions indicate that Sanchi seed has the potentiality to be exploited as human edible oil, industrial use, new medicine or healthcare products for diabetes patients due to low sugar content.  相似文献   

17.
The fatty acid profiles and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of oils from the solid endosperm of different Philippine coconut hybrids and their parentals were determined by using gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In general, varietal differences in fatty acid composition were observed. Lauric acid (C12) content was significantly higher in the hybrids PCA 15-8 (50.45%) and PCA 15-9 (50.26%) by about 3.16% points as compared to other hybrids, and higher in Tacunan Green Dwarf (50.50%) among the parentals. Among the fatty acids, lauric acid exhibited the least variation. In general, none of the hybrids had higher fatty acid content than their parentals. The HPLC chromatogram of triacylglycerols (TAG) showed 8 major peaks which differ in carbon number (CN) by two: identified as TAG CN 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, and 44. TAGs CN 30 (4.08%) and CN 34 (19.20%) were found to be significantly higher in PCA 15-9 than in the other hybrids. CN 36 was highest (21.94-23.66%) in all hybrids and parentals. The TAG CNs varied significantly among hybrids and parents, i.e., in CN 30, 32, and 34, which are high in medium chain triacylglycerols (MCTs), and in CN 30 (for parentals only), 40, 42, and 44 (the latter two for parentals only), and none in CN 36. MCTs calculated for two hybrids and their parents ranged from 13.81% to 20.55%.  相似文献   

18.
苦杏仁去皮热风干燥适宜温度提高油脂品质   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
为探索适宜的杏仁热风干燥温度,以热烫去皮处理后的湿杏仁为试验材料,研究了热风干燥不同温度对杏仁及其油脂的感官、理化和营养品质的影响。结果表明,经热烫去皮、干燥处理后可以得到颜色较浅的杏仁油,有利于提高杏仁油的感官品质,但会造成杏仁油过氧化值显著升高(P0.05),油酸、亚油酸、十七碳烯酸、二十碳一烯酸等不饱和脂肪酸的比例和甾醇含量降低,棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、十七碳烷酸、二十碳烷酸、二十碳一烯酸的比例和总生育酚含量升高,对杏仁油的理化特性和营养品质产生影响。但不同脂肪酸及其伴随物种类、不同温度处理变化幅度不同。随着干燥温度的提高,干燥速率逐渐加快,杏仁及杏仁油的颜色逐渐加深,杏仁油亮度下降,酸价略有升高,但不同干燥温度之间差异不显著(P0.05);过氧化值呈上升趋势,且80℃以上干燥处理显著高于40℃和60℃干燥处理(P0.05);总不饱和脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸、十七碳烯酸、二十碳烷酸的比例及β-生育酚、δ-生育酚及总生育酚含量总体呈下降趋势,棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸的比例和β-谷甾醇、总甾醇含量总体呈升高趋势。低温干燥有利于提高杏仁油中生育酚含量,而提高干燥温度则有利于杏仁油中植物甾醇含量的提高。尤其是干燥温度为80℃以上时,杏仁油的品质变化加快。因此,为提高杏仁油理化与营养品质,杏仁脱皮后的干燥宜在80℃以下的较低温度条件下进行。研究结果可为杏仁干燥和高品质杏仁油加工提供参考。  相似文献   

19.
The triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of oils from new high-saturated sunflower lines has been studied by means of GLC. The TAG profiles have been compared with the TAG reconstruction made after lipase hydrolysis (according to the 2-random 1,3-random theory). New TAG species with asclepic (cis,Delta11-octadecenoic acid, isomer of oleic acid), araquidic, or behenic acids have been synthesized and identified in oils from mutant lines. The TAG molecular species that contain asclepic acid instead of oleic acid have a longer retention time. Because each mutant oil has a specific TAG GLC pattern, this method could be used for a more precise validation of oil type than current fatty acid methyl ester analysis. The comparison of the results obtained by GLC with the reconstruction after pancreatic lipase hydrolysis shows, in general, a good agreement between both methods. However, results shown in this paper show that this is not always the case. TAG species containing two molecules of linoleic acid show a higher presence of palmitic or stearic acid than could be expected from a random distribution. The abundance of SLL increased in proportion to the stearic acid content of the oil, and the amount of TAG species with three unsaturated fatty acids (LLL or OLL) was therefore reduced.  相似文献   

20.
The fatty acid, sn-2 fatty acid, triacyglycerol (TAG), tocopherol, and phytosterol compositions of kernel oils obtained from nine apricot varieties grown in the Malatya region of Turkey were determined ( P<0.05). The names of the apricot varieties were Alyanak (ALY), Cataloglu (CAT), C?loglu (COL), Hacihaliloglu (HAC), Hacikiz (HKI), Hasanbey (HSB), Kabaasi (KAB), Soganci (SOG), and Tokaloglu (TOK). The total oil contents of apricot kernels ranged from 40.23 to 53.19%. Oleic acid contributed 70.83% to the total fatty acids, followed by linoleic (21.96%), palmitic (4.92%), and stearic (1.21%) acids. The s n-2 position is mainly occupied with oleic acid (63.54%), linoleic acid (35.0%), and palmitic acid (0.96%). Eight TAG species were identified: LLL, OLL, PLL, OOL+POL, OOO+POO, and SOO (where P, palmitoyl; S, stearoyl; O, oleoyl; and L, linoleoyl), among which mainly OOO+POO contributed to 48.64% of the total, followed by OOL+POL at 32.63% and OLL at 14.33%. Four tocopherol and six phytosterol isomers were identified and quantified; among these, gamma-tocopherol (475.11 mg/kg of oil) and beta-sitosterol (273.67 mg/100 g of oil) were predominant. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the data from lipid components of apricot kernel oil in order to explore the distribution of the apricot variety according to their kernel's lipid components. PCA separated some varieties including ALY, COL, KAB, CAT, SOG, and HSB in one group and varieties TOK, HAC, and HKI in another group based on their lipid components of apricot kernel oil. So, in the present study, PCA was found to be a powerful tool for classification of the samples.  相似文献   

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