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1.
The fungal flora of the hair and underlying skin from 2 sites was examined qualitatively in 20 horses free of skin or ocular disease. Fungi were isolated from both the hair and the underlying skin of all 20 horses. Twenty-two genera regarded commonly as saprophytes were identified and an additional 2 fungi resembled the perfect state of the cutaneous pathogenic genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. Cladosporium spp, Penicillium spp, and Rhizopus spp were the most frequently isolated saprophytes. In general, similar fungi were isolated from the hair and underlying skin, and differences were not noted in isolates from the saddle and rump regions.  相似文献   

2.
健康猫被毛真菌菌相   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
定量检测了４０只临床健康猫的被毛真菌菌相,从３１只猫被毛上共分离出１１个属１７５株真菌,主要为交链孢霉属、芽枝孢霉属、犬小孢子菌和曲霉属等。皮肤病病原菌２个属３个种,包括犬小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌和石膏样毛癣菌。  相似文献   

3.
The hair and skin of 300 clinically healthy animals, 268 dogs and 32 cats, were examined mycologically. The method described by Mariat and Tapia (1966) was used for the examination, along with square pieces of the fitted carpet Kovral. The dermatophytes were isolated in 12 samples, all from the material taken from dogs. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated six times, Microsporum canis four times, Trichophyton gallinae once, Trichophyton rubrum once. The origin of the dermatophyte Trichophyton gallinae, found in a village dog, was not determined. In one case of occurrence of the dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes in a dog the dermatophyte was probably transmitted from man to the dog. Microsporum canis was not proved to be the most frequent dermatophyte in dogs or cats in this country.  相似文献   

4.
Two-hundred shelter cats from the Pacific western coastal USA were sampled in four different geographical regions to determine the fungal organisms most commonly found on the hair coat and the prevalence of these organisms. Data on the cats' health, age, hair coat length, gender, and geographical location were collected and analysed. The overall prevalence of dermatophytosis was 5.5% (11 of 200 cats), with Microsporum canis isolated in 90.9% (10 of 11) of the samples from positive cats. This was a lower isolation rate or prevalence of dermatophytes than previous studies conducted on shelter cats in other regions of the USA. Ten of 11 of the cats were lesion free (either subclinical infection or mechanical carriage). Cats in the Los Angeles, California area ( P  = 0.001) and neutered male cats ( P  = 0.047) had a higher prevalence of a positive dermatophyte culture. The numbers and types of saprophytes isolated from cats in this study were found to be consistent with previous feline reports in the USA and with an equine study previously conducted in this area.  相似文献   

5.
Résumé— Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence des isolements de Microsporum canisà partir de chats apparemment sains dans des refuges de deux régions de climats différents aux Etats-Unis. Deux cents chats (chats sans signes apparent de maladie) provenant d'une région froide et séche et d'une région chaude et humide ont étéétudiés et la technique de la brosse à dents utilisée pour la mise en culture et la rechehe de Dermatophytes. Cinq espèces de Dermatophytes communément associées aux dermatophyties humaines et animales ont été isolées: M. canis (n= 8), Trichophyton verrucosum (n= 5), T. mentagrophytes (n - 1), T. rubrum (n= 16), et Epidermophyton spp. (n= 5). Microsporum canis n'a été isolé que chez les chats vivant dans le Sud et principalement sur des chatons. Trichophyton rubrum a surtout été isolé chez les chats du nord. La prévalence de M. canis chez les chats sains était dans cet étude de 4 pourcent et la prévalence totale de tous les pathogénes de 17,5 pour cent. [Isolation of dermatophytes from the haircoats of stray cats from selected animal shelters in two different geographic regions of the United States. (Isolement de dermatophytes du pelage de chats errants pris dans des refuges de deux regions différentes des Etats-Unis.) Zusammenfassung— Ziel der Studie war, die Prävalenz von Microsporum canis-Isolaten von scheinbar gesunden Katzen in Tierheimen in zwei klimatisch unterschiedlichen Regionen der Vereinigten Staaten festzustellen. Zwei hundert Katzen (Katzen ohne makroskopische oder offenscichtliche physische Anzeichen von Krankheit) aus Tierheimen in einer relativ kalt-trockenen geographischen Region und einer feucht-war-men Region der Vereinigten Staaten wurden untersucht und aus dem Haarkleid mittels Zahnbürstentechnik Pilzkulturen angelegt. Es wurden fünf Arten von Dermatophyten identifiziert, die häufig mit menschlichen oder tierischen Hautpilzerkrankungen verbunden sind: M. cams (n= 8), Trichophyton verruscosum (n= 5), T. mentagrophytes (n= 1), T. rubrum (n= 16) und Epidermophyton spp. (n= 5). Microsporum canis wurde nur von Katzen aus dem Süden isoliert, vorwiegend von Katzenwelpen. Trichophyton rubrum wurde häufiger von Katzen aus dem Norden isoliert. Die Prävalenz von M. canis bei scheinbar gesunden Katzen in dieser Studie betrug 4 Prozent, die Gesamtprävalenz aller pathogenen Keime betrug 17,5 Prozent. [Isolation of dermatophytes from the haircoats of stray cats from selected animals shelters in two different geographic regions in the United States (Isolierung von Dermatophyten aus dem Fell von streunenden Katzen aus ausgewahlten Tierheimen in awei verschiedenen geographischen Regionen der Vereinigten Staaten.) Abstract— The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Microsporum canis isolation from apparently healthy cats in shelters in two different climatic regions of the United States. Two hundred cats (cats without gross or obvious physical illness) from animal shelters in a relatively cold dry geographic region and a warm humid region of the United States were examined and their haircoat cultured for fungi using the toothbrush technique. Five species of dermatophytes commonly associated with either animal or human dermatophytosis were identified: M. canis (n= 8), Trichophyton verruscosum (n= 5), T. mentagrophytes (n= 1), T. rubrum (n= 16), and Epidermophyton spp. (n = 5). M. canis was isolated only from cats in the south, predominantly from kittens. T. rubrum was isolated more commonly from cats from the north. The prevalence of M. canis in apparently healthy cats in this study was 4 per cent and the overall prevalence of all pathogens was 17.5 per cent.  相似文献   

6.
Four surveys were conducted on different animal groups in the metropolitan area of Perth. Microsporum canis was the only fungus isolated from cats and was prevalent in these animals. Dermatophyte infections in dogs were less common and were caused by M. canis, M. gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. T. mentagrophytes was isolated from laboratory guinea pigs but not from native animals.  相似文献   

7.
The aim of this study was to determine the species of dermatophytes isolated from dogs and cats and their prevalence in the two big provinces of Western Turkey. A total of 362 animals (198 dogs and 164 cats) with skin lesions (alopecia and desquamation) were examined from March 2006 to February 2008. Of the 362 samples examined, 52 (14.4%) were positive for fungal elements by direct microscopic examination, and 70 (19.3%) were culture positive for dermatophytes. The isolation rates of dermatophyte species from dogs and cats were 18.7% and 20.1%, respectively. Microsporum canis (57.1%) was the most common species isolated from dogs and cats. The prevalence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was five-fold greater in dogs than in cats (odds ratio=5.226; CI=1.152-23.696). No association was detected between prevalence of infection and provinces, and also sex of dogs and cats. The only risk factor found to be significantly associated with infection was age. Dogs and cats younger than one year of age showed a statistically significant higher prevalence of dermatophytes than other age groups (P<0.05). The isolation rate of dermatophytes was relatively high in the spring and winter for dogs, and in the spring, summer and autumn for cats. However, the association of season and prevalence was found not to be significant.  相似文献   

8.
In work over a period of 8 years, dermatophytes were recovered from 12 animal species in the North Island of New Zealand. A total of 552 dermatophytes were isolated and belonged to the Microsporum (6 species) and Trichophyton (6 species) genera.

Some unusual isolations are reported: Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes were recovered from calves; Microsporum distortum from a dog, which was the first known isolation from an animal in the North Island; four horses, from the same stable, yielded Microsporum equinum which has not previously been recorded in this country; Trichophyton erinacei was recovered from lesions on a cat which is the first report of the dermatophyte from an animal other than the dog, hedgehog or man; Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophicum was a rare isolation from a dog.

Species affinity was demonstrated with the dermatophytes M. canis; M. nanum; M. equinum; T. equinum; and T. verrucosum. These zoophilic species appear to be passed between individuals of the same species, with occasional infection in man and other animal species. T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes had a wider distribution, being isolated from dogs, cats, guinea-pigs and rats. The infection in rats was subclinical.

The geophilic species M. cookei, T. ajelloiand and T. terrestre were recorded but not regarded as being pathogenic. M. gypseum was significant in cases involving dogs, horses and a cat, as arthrospores were seen invading the affected hairs.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To compare cutaneous and mucosal mycoflora in cats infected with FIV or FeLV with that in noninfected cats. ANIMALS: 85 client-owned cats; 24 seropositive for FIV, 10 seropositive for FeLV, 1 seropositive for both viruses, and 50 seronegative for both viruses. PROCEDURE: Cutaneous specimens were obtained from the coat and external acoustic meatus (ear canal) and mucosal specimens from the oropharynx and rectum. Fungi were isolated from specimens, using Sabouraud dextrose agar incubated at 27 or 37 C for cutaneous and mucosal specimens, respectively. RESULTS: Fungal colonies were cultured from at least 1 specimen from 83 of 85 (97.6%) cats. The most common fungal isolates were Aspergillus spp (cultured from 59.3% of all specimens), Penicillium spp (50.0%), Cladosporium spp (44.2%), Scopulariopsis spp (41.8%), and lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia (31.4%). A greater diversity of fungal genera was isolated from retrovirus-infected cats, and Malassezia spp were more commonly recovered from these cats, compared with noninfected cats. Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and dermatophytes (eg, Microsporum canis) were rarely isolated from any cat. Significant differences in frequency of isolation of C. neoformans and dermatophytes were not found between infected and noninfected cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cats infected with FIV or FeLV may have a greater diversity of cutaneous and mucosal mycoflora than noninfected cats. However, infected cats may be no more likely than noninfected cats to expose humans to zoonotic fungi such as C. albicans, C. neoformans, and M. canis.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVES: To report the incidence of dermatophytes on the hair coat of asymptomatic cats in the southeast of England. Asymptomatic cats are often blamed for transmission of dermatophytes between animals and humans. This study may help to clarify whether cats are responsible for the increase in fungal infections among the human population. METHODS: A total of 169 clinically healthy cats without any dermatological signs were sampled using the Mackenzie brush technique and cultured for dermatophytes. Thirty cats were from a closed colony and 139 were feral or from domestic households in the southeast of England. RESULTS: The incidence of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in household and feral cats was 2.16 per cent for each dermatophyte. This survey shows little difference in the isolation rates of M. canis between the southeast and southwest of England, which was reported on in 1994. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Given the low number of dermatophytes isolated, asymptomatic cats are unlikely to be responsible for the increasing incidence of human infection. Asymptomatic carriers with T. mentagrophytes in the hair coat have not been previously reported and may need to be considered when treating humans with trichophytosis.  相似文献   

11.
Spontaneous recovery from Microsporum canis infections in cats is thought to be dependent on the development of a competent immune response. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in cats with and without dermatophytosis. Four groups of cats were intradermally skin tested with M canis extract and test sites were evaluated both subjectively and objectively at 0, 24 and 48 h after injection. Delayed intradermal testing (IDT) reactions were absent in cats not exposed to dermatophytosis (n=20); infected-recovered cats (n=38 culture negative lesion negative and n=43 lesion negative but culture positive) had significantly larger IDT reactions than unexposed cats and cats that were still actively infected (n=18). Based on the results of this study, IDT with M canis extract can be used to assess the cellular immune response of cats with dermatophytosis.  相似文献   

12.
In cases of highly inflammatory dermatophytosis in humans, it is important to identify the possible source of animal transmission in order to prevent recurrence, family outbreaks or rapidly progressing epidemics. A survey of dermatophytes in pets during a 14-month period in Switzerland revealed, in addition to Microsporum canis , two different species of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex, Arthroderma benhamiae and Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii , all causing inflammatory dermatophytoses. Arthroderma benhamiae was only and frequently isolated from guinea pigs. Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii was isolated mainly from European short hair cats, but also from dogs and in one case from a pure-bred cat. Ninety-three percent of the cats carrying A. vanbreuseghemii were hunters and all had skin lesions. In contrast, cats with skin lesions that were strictly indoors were found to be almost exclusively infected by M. canis . Therefore, it can be suspected that infection with A. vanbreuseghemii occurred during hunting and that the natural source of this dermatophyte is either soil or an animal other than the cat, most probably a rodent.  相似文献   

13.
Samples were collected from clinically infected carthorses in Awassa. Fungus species affecting the carthorses were identified. Eight genera of fungal groups were isolated from swabs and skin scrapes taken from symptomatic horses. These included Aspergillus spp., Histoplasma spp., Penicillium spp., Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp., yeast cells of Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp. and Geotrichum spp. The most frequent isolates were from the genera Aspergillus (48%), Penicillium (39.2%) and Trichophyton (31.6%). Clinical findings are reported, the economic, zoonotic and pathogenetic importance of fungi causing dermatomycoses is discussed, and further studies are recommended.  相似文献   

14.
Clinical, cytological, microbial and histopathological features of feline acne were investigated in 22 cats referred or volunteered to a veterinary dermatology practice in the south-west region of the USA. For comparison, same parameters were evaluated in five unaffected pet cats. Additionally, all cats were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the presence of feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpes virus (FHV-1) in acne lesions. The age of onset of acne in affected cats ranged from 6 months to 14 years with a median of 4 years. The most common dermatologic lesions were comedones (73%), alopecia (68%), crusts (55%), papules (45%) and erythema (41%). Pruritus was reported in 35% of the affected cats. Cytological evidence of Malassezia pachydermatitis was present on 4/22 (18%) of affected cats. Microsporum canis was isolated from a single affected cat. Bacteria were isolated from 10 of the 22 (45%) affected cats; coagulase-positive staphylococci and alpha-haemolytic streptococci were most common. Histopathological features included lymphoplasmacytic periductal inflammation (86%), sebaceous gland duct dilatation (73%), follicular keratosis with plugging and dilatation (59%), epitrichial gland occlusion and dilatation (32%), folliculitis (27%), pyogranulomatous sebaceous adenitis (23%) and furunculosis (23%). In one affected cat from a household with five cats, simultaneously having feline acne, FCV antigen was detected in the biopsy of the chin by IHC. Chin tissue samples from all other affected cats, as well as the five healthy cats, were negative by IHC for FCV and FHV-1 antigens.  相似文献   

15.
Specimens of hoof horn from 187 horses were examined for a possible relationship between clinically affected hooves and the occurrence of pathogenic fungi. Specimens were taken from the coronary band and from the stratum externum and medium of the coronary horn and transferred on to Sabouraud dextrose agar, with and without cycloheximide, and incubated at 28 degrees C. Dermatophytes and mould fungi were identified by their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The 732 isolates could be assigned to 26 species of moulds, two different species of the dermatophyte Microsporum and three different species of the dermatophyte Trichophyton. Depending on their pathogenic potential they were assigned to three groups: (i) fungi known to be keratinopathogenic (Acremonium blochii, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria chlamydospora, Geotrichum candidum, Microsporum ferrugineum, Microsporum gypseum, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Trichophyton species, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton sch?nleinii, 57 isolates), (ii) a group of uncertain pathogenicity (223 isolates), and (iii) a group of non-pathogenic species (452 isolates). Eighty per cent of the samples from horses with hoof horn lesions and 66.7 per cent of the samples from horses with slightly affected hoof horn contained fungi of the keratinopathogenic group, whereas only 8.9 per cent of the samples from horses with healthy hoof horn contained fungi of this group. There were no significant correlations between the clinical data and the age, sex or breed of the horses or their bedding and hygiene. Twelve species of fungi were isolated from the air in the horses' stables, but none of them belonged to the keratinopathogenic group.  相似文献   

16.
Microsporum canis has been frequently isolated from human cases of tinea capitis and tinea corporis. The infection may be acquired from infected animals with cutaneous lesions but also from asymptomatic carriers or from the environment. As asymptomatic M. canis carriers are considered to be a critical factor in the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in humans, this study investigated the relationship between the presence of dermatophytes on the hair coats of dogs and cats without cutaneous lesions and the occurrence of the disease in their respective owners. A total of 136 dogs and 248 cats were sampled from January 1999 to January 2005. Seventy-eight animals (22 dogs and 56 cats) belonged to individuals affected by tinea corporis caused by M. canis and 306 (114 dogs and 192 cats) to individuals without dermatophytosis. Age, sex, breed, habitat and season were recorded for each animal and examined as potential risk factors. Dermatophytes were isolated from 20.5% of the dogs and 28.2% of the cats. Microsporum canis was isolated from 36.4% of dogs cohabiting with owners diagnosed with tinea corporis but it was never isolated from dogs whose owners had no lesions. By contrast, M. canis was isolated from 53.6% of cats cohabiting with owners diagnosed with tinea corporis and from 14.6% of cats whose owners had no signs of the disease. These results clearly indicate that both cats and dogs should be considered as a major source of pathogenic dermatophytes for humans even when they do not present clinical signs of dermatophytosis.  相似文献   

17.
The computed tomographic (CT) findings of histopathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal polyps are described in 13 cats. Most polyps were mildly hypoattenuating to adjacent muscles and isoattenuating to soft-tissue (n= 13), homogeneous (n = 12) and with ill-defined borders (n = 10) on precontrast images. After contrast medium administration, the polyps were homogeneous (n = 11), with well-defined borders (n = 13), oval (n = 13), and had rim enhancement (n = 13). Nasopharyngeal polyps were pedunculated in 11 cats with a stalk-like structure connecting the polyp through the auditory tube to an affected tympanic bulla. All cats had at least one tympanic bulla severely affected, with CT images identifying: (1) complete (n = 12) or partial (n = 1) obliteration of either the dorsal or ventral compartments with soft-tissue attenuating material; (2) pathologic expansion (n = 13) with wall thickening (n = 10) that was asymmetric in nine cats; and (3) identification of a polyp-associated stalk-like structure (n = 11). Nine cats had unilateral tympanic bulla disease ipsilateral to the polyp, and four cats had bilateral tympanic bulla disease, most severe ipsilateral to the polyp with milder contralateral pathologic changes. Two cats had minimal osteolysis of the tympanic bulla. Enlargement of the medial retropharyngeal lymph node was seen commonly (n = 8), and in all cats it was ipsilateral to the most affected tympanic bulla. One cat had bilateral lymphadenopathy. CT is an excellent imaging tool for the supportive diagnosis of nasopharyngeal polyps in cats. CT findings of a well-defined mass with strong rim enhancement, mass-associated stalk-like structure, and asymmetric tympanic bulla wall thickening with pathologic expansion of the tympanic bullae are highly indicative of an inflammatory polyp.  相似文献   

18.
Eight adult cats were inoculated IV (n = 6) or SC (n = 2) with Ehrlichia risticii-infected P388D1 (continuous murine macrophage) cells or with E risticii released from P388D1 cells. Three additional cats were inoculated with organism-free P388D1 cultured monocytes, and 1 cat, which served as a medium control was inoculated with balanced salt solution. Clinical signs of illness were observed in the IV inoculated cats from which E risticii was isolated. One cat developed intermittent diarrhea between postinoculation days (PID) 8 and 18, and the other cat developed lymphadenopathy, acute depression, and anorexia between PID 20 and 24. Ehrlichia risticii was isolated in cultures from 2 of 6 IV inoculated cats on PID 6, 10, and 17. Both cats were inoculated with E risticii released from the P388D1 cells. Ehrlichia risticii was not isolated from SC inoculated cats or from control cats. All 8 cats inoculated with E risticii seroconverted between PID 10 and 23. A pony inoculated with E risticii isolated from 1 of the inoculated cats developed clinical signs of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis including fever, anorexia, depression, and mild colic. Ehrlichia risticii was isolated from the blood of this pony on PID 7, 9, 11, and 16.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of the present study was to verify the prevalence and the risk factors associated with dermatophytosis in Arabian horses. For this purpose, a total of 457 Arabian horses in 15 farms were examined. A questionnaire was constructed to include the hypothesized risk factors. Fungal isolation and identification for each horse were carried out by standard microbiological procedures. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors on both animal and farm levels. Trichophyton spp. was recovered from 50 horses and Microsporum spp. from 27 cases. Trichophyton equinum was more prevalent than Trichophyton mentagrophytes (45 vs. 4) and Trichophyton tonsurans (45 vs. 1). However, Microsporum canis was more prevalent than Microsporum gypseum (21 vs. 5) and Microsporum audouinii (21 vs. 1). On horse level, final multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant association between dermatophytosis and horse' age (P < .05; odds ratio [OR]: 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–2.69), poor grooming practice (P < .05; OR: 57.11; 95% CI: 2.47–13.44), moist condition (P < .05; OR: 42.77; 95% CI: 2.0–25.18), and farm size (P < .05; OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00–7.05). However, on the farm level, farm size of >30 horses was the risk factor (P < .05; OR: 1.0; 95% CI: 1–3.03). In conclusion, the present results indicate existance of dermatophytosis in Arabian horses. Identification of the potential risk factors associated with the disease may be helpful to construct the ideal preventive measures.  相似文献   

20.
A series of 18 allergic cats with multifocal Malassezia spp. overgrowth is reported: atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 16, an adverse food reaction in another and one was euthanized 2 months after diagnosis of Malassezia overgrowth. All the cats were otherwise healthy and those tested (16 out of 18) for feline leukaemia or feline immunodeficiency virus infections were all negative. At dermatological examination, multifocal alopecia, erythema, crusting and greasy adherent brownish scales were variably distributed on all cats. Cytological examination revealed Malassezia spp. overgrowth with/without bacterial infection in facial skin (n = 11), ventral neck (n = 6), abdomen (n = 6), ear canal (n = 4), chin (n = 2), ear pinnae (n = 2), interdigital (n = 1) and claw folds skin (n = 1). Moreover, in two cats Malassezia pachydermatis was isolated in fungal cultures from lesional skin. Azoles therapy alone was prescribed in seven, azoles and antibacterial therapy in eight and azoles with both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy in three of the cats. After 3-4 weeks of treatment, substantial reduction of pruritus and skin lesions was observed in all 11 cats treated with a combined therapy and in five of seven treated solely with azoles. Malassezia spp. overgrowth may represent a secondary cutaneous problem in allergic cats particularly in those presented for dermatological examination displaying greasy adherent brownish scales. The favourable response to treatment with antifungal treatments alone suggests that, as in dogs, Malassezia spp. may be partly responsible for both pruritus and cutaneous lesions in allergic cats.  相似文献   

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