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1.
Dinh-Duy Vu Thi Tuyet-Xuan Bui Minh-Duc Nguyen Syed Noor Muhammad Shah Dinh-Giap Vu Yi Zhang Minh-Tam Nguyen Xiao-Hua Huang 《林业研究》2019,(5):1823-1831
Two threatened dipterocarp species,Dipterocarpus costatus and Dipterocarpus alatus are well-known endangered species in lowland forests of southeastern Vietnam,primarily from habitat loss and over-exploitation of their wood.To develop conservation strategies for these species,we analyzed 242 samples using nine microsatellite markers to determine the genetic variability within and among five populations of D.alatus and three of D.costatus,representing the natural range of dipterocarps in Southeast Vietnam.Results indicated low levels of genetic variability within populations with an average gene diversity of 0.223 for D.alatus and 0.152 for D.costatus.Results of bottleneck tests indicated a reduction in population size of both species(P>0.05).Genetic differentiation among populations was high(FST=0.347 for D.costatus and 0.274 for D.alatus),indicating limited gene flow(Nm=0.662 for D.costatus and 0.47 for D.alatus)and isolated populations related to geographical distances.Analysis of molecular variance showed high genetic variation within populations(72.92%for D.alatus and 60.81%for D.costatus)compared to among populations.Bayesian analysis and UPGMA tree also indicated the two optimal genetic clusters related to geographical distances.These results will provide a platform for the conservation,management and restoration of these species. 相似文献
2.
以江西境内的5个毛红椿天然群体为研究对象,开展基于ISSR与SSR分子标记的群体遗传多样性研究。结果显示,5个群体总体表现为杂合子过剩,纯合子不足,总的遗传多样性偏低;物种水平的基因多样度（h）为0.2524,各群体基因多样度按大小排序为：九连山>官山>井冈山>马头山>岩泉。毛红椿群体规模小且林龄结构单一,推测这是造成其杂合子过剩但是基因多样性低下的主要原因。遗传分化指标（GST）显示受检测的毛红椿各群体间已发生显著分化,但群体内的遗传变异约占总变异的70%,仍是变异的主要来源;群体间基因流值（Nm）仅为0.596,多世代后的随机遗传漂变会逐渐加剧毛红椿群体遗传分化。为保证遗传完整性及保持群体的多样性水平,在江西境内可仅选择遗传多样性水平较高的九连山与官山两个群体来开展毛红椿的资源保存以及迁地保护。 相似文献
3.
[目的]通过我国无患子主要分布区的居群样本,研究无患子天然居群的遗传多样性和遗传结构.[方法]采用ISSR分子标记技术,利用12条ISSR引物分析18个天然居群的265株个体样本.[结果]表明无患子遗传多样性水平较高,物种和居群水平上的多态位点百分率 (PPB)分别为95.37%和57.82%,Shannon's信息指数(I)分别为0.256 9和0.199 8,Nei's遗传多样性指数(H)分别为0.390 9和0.298 0.AMOVA分析表明,18个居群间出现一定程度的遗传分化,且遗传变异主要发生在居群内.UPGMA聚类和Mantel检验结果表明,18个天然居群可分为2大组群,且居群间的地理距离与遗传距离之间不存在显著相关性(r=0.066 7,P=0.541 7>0.05).[结论]无患子以自交为主,其天然居群遗传多样性丰富,居群内的遗传多样性高于居群间.研究结果可为无患子育种策略的科学制定和种质资源的有效保护及利用提供理论依据. 相似文献
4.
大花黄牡丹遗传多样性的SRAP分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用SRAP标记对西藏特有植物大花黄牡丹的遗传多样性进行研究。用16对引物从5个自然居群79个单株中共检测到396个有效位点,其中多态性位点357个。在物种水平上,多态位点百分率(Ppl)为90.15%,Shannon表型多样性指数(Ηsp)平均为0.2521;居群水平上的Ppl为31.82%,Shannon表型多样性指数(Ho)为0.0694～0.3428,平均值(Ηpop)为0.1307。上述遗传参数表明,大花黄牡丹具有丰富的物种遗传多样性,5个居群中自然居群C的遗传多样性最高(Ppl=82.32%,Ho=0.3428)。据AMOVA分析结果,总的变异中有41.58%的变异存在于居群间,58.42%的变异存在于居群内,居群分化较显著(ΦST=0.4158,P<0.001),由POPGENE1.32得到的居群间遗传分化系数GST(0.4309)和Shannon表型多样性指数计算的居群间遗传多样性所占比例(0.4816)也表明了类似的遗传结构。Mantel检测表明地理距离和Nei’s遗传距离间相关不显著(P>0.05)。利用NTSYSPC(2.1)软件构建大花黄牡丹5个居群79个个体的UPGMA聚类图,遗传相似系数变幅在0.47～0.99,大多数居群内的个体表现出较为密切的亲缘关系(如居群B,D,E),但也有一些居群的个体未聚在一起(如居群C)。依据大花黄牡丹居群遗传变异特点,初步探讨其保护和利用策略。 相似文献
5.
珙桐天然种群遗传多样性的ISSR标记分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用ISSR分子标记分析来自11个天然珙桐种群的遗传多样性。从100条引物中筛选出5条引物能扩增出稳定、清晰且具多态性的条带,共扩增出77个条带。其中74个为多态,多态条带百分率(PPB)为96.10%;各种群PPB值为37.66%～63.64%,平均为54.07%。种内Shannon多样性指数(HSP)为0.4849,种群内Shannon多样性指数(HPOP)为0.1886～0.3274,平均为0.2774。这表明珙桐在物种和种群水平上均维持较高的遗传多样性。分子方差分析显示,种群间与种群内遗传变异分别占总遗传变异的46.22%,53.78%,种群间呈高度遗传分化。种群间遗传距离与对应的地理距离呈显著正相关(r=0.546,P<0.01)。UPGMA法聚类分析将11个珙桐种群分为3组。研究结果为珙桐遗传资源保护策略制定提供有价值的种群遗传学信息。 相似文献
6.
Chayma Rajeb Chokri Messaoud Hnia Chograni Afef Bejaoui Abdennacer Boulila Mohamed Nejib Rejeb Mohamed Boussaid 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(5):512-512
7.
Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species 总被引：91，自引：0，他引：91
The plant allozyme literature was reviewed to: (1) compare genetic diversity in long-lived woody species with species representing other life forms, and (2) to investigate whether the levels and distribution of genetic diversity in woody species are related to life history and ecological characteristics. Data from 322 woody taxa were used to measure genetic diversity within species, and within and among populations of species. Woody species maintain more variation within species and within populations than species with other life forms but have less variation among populations. Woody species with large geographic ranges, outcrossing breeding systems, and wind or animal-ingested seed dispersal have more genetic diversity within species and populations but less variation among populations than woody species with other combinations of traits. Although life history and ecological traits explain a significant proportion (34%) of the variation among species for the genetic parameters measured, a large proportion of the interspecific variation is unexplained. The specific evolutionary history of each species must play an important role in determining the level and distribution of genetic diversity. 相似文献
8.
Gmelina arborea is a valuable plantation tree species that is native to South and Southeast Asia. In this study, 534 samples representing 19 natural populations in India, China, Thailand and Myanmar were analyzed with 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity analysis revealed highly polymorphic loci (Na?=?16.4), a good level of genetic diversity (Ho?=?0.56; He?=?0.83) and the deficiency of heterozygotes in G. arborea populations evidenced by positive fixation index and deviation from Hardy?CWeinberg Equilibrium in all loci and most populations. The Analysis of Molecular Variance attributed 21, 10 and 69% of total genetic diversity to among-region, among-population (within region) and within-population variation. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean dendrogram and Principle Coordinate Analysis revealed three separate clusters composed of China, India and Thailand/Myanmar that were consistent with geographical distance and the presence of natural barriers to gene flow. Populations from within India grouped together genetically consistent with geographical locations, with the exception of the Nowgong population (eastern India), that might have originated from the Kasa area (western India) with which it has high genetic similarity. Understanding genetic diversity and structure of G. arborea populations serve as an important reference for tree breeding programs and conservation strategy. Breeding populations of G. arborea should include selections from each of the major geographic regions to maximize genetic diversity and heterosis. Vegetative propagated clones of elite trees can be used for plantation to address the issue of high level of segregation among seed derived plants. 相似文献
9.
利用ISSR分子标记技术对14个居群的红花石蒜进行遗传多样性研究,结果表明:POPGEN32分析显示红花石蒜物种的遗传多样性很高,多态位点百分率为92.31%,Shannon指数(H)为0.459 7,Ne i指数(I)为0.302 5;居群水平的遗传多样性较低,多态位点百分率平均为49.65%,Shannon指数(H)平均为0.262 0,Ne i指数(I)平均为0.176 3;居群间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.503 5,基因流(Nm)为0.698 3。AMOVA分子变异分析显示:居群间遗传分化程度高,46.12%的变异发生在居群内,53.88%的变异发生于居群间。生境的片段化使居群间的基因流受阻,可能是居群间高遗传分化和居群水平低遗传多样性的主要原因。 相似文献
10.
不同榉树种源遗传多样性的ISSR分析 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
应用ISSR(Inter S imp le Sequence Repeat)分子标记技术对云南邱北、易门、龙庆、双柏和浙江平湖5个种源(每种源19个样本)的榉树进行了遗传多样性的研究。由其18条ISSR引物扩增得到216个清晰的条带,其中多态性条带215个,多态性条带百分率(PPB)为99.54%。POPGENE软件分析结果表明,邱北种群的遗传多样性水平最高(PPB=88.43%,HE=0.260 5,HO=0.401 4),其次是易门种群,龙庆、双柏、平湖3个种群的遗传多样性水平相差较小。Ne i’s遗传多样性的分析表明,5个榉树种源在其总的遗传变异中有80.28%的存在于群体内,群体间的遗传变异仅占总变异的19.72%。由UPGMA聚类分析可知,易门和龙庆种群的亲缘关系最近,先聚合在一起,然后依次与邱北、双柏聚类,最后与亲缘关系最远的平湖种群聚合。其研究结果对榉树资源的遗传多样性保护具有指导作用。 相似文献
11.
《林业研究》2017,(2)
Taxus chinensis and T. wallichiana in have been threatened in their distribution areas in recent decades because of their over-exploitation and reduction and destruction of native habitats. Determining the genetic diversity in populations of the two species will provide guidelines for their protection and preservation. Two hundred and fifteen trees from six populations of T. chinensis and150 sampled trees of T. wallichiana were sampled. Six microsatellite primer pairs selected from 16 primer pairs were used to investigate genetic variation at the population and species levels. Five yielded polymorphic alleles, and among the 13 putative alleles amplified, 11 were polymorphic(accounting for 76.33 %).Shannon's information index(I) and percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB)(I = 0.202 and PPB = 67.22 % for T. chinensis; I = 0.217 and PPB = 65.03 % for T. wallichiana). Both species had low levels of genetic diversity(mean H_o= 0.107, H_e= 0.121 for T. chinensis; H_o= 0.095, H_e= 0.109 for T. wallichiana). Genetic differentiation among populations was higher(FST= 0.189) for T. chinensis and lower(0.156) for T.wallichiana, indicating limited gene flow(Nm) among populations for T. chinensis(0.68) and T. wallichiana(0.65).Variation among individuals of T. chinensis was 63.59 and73.12 % for T. wallichiana. Thus, the threatened status of the two conifers is related to a lack of genetic diversity. All populations are isolated in small forest remnants. An ex situ conservation site should be established with a new population for these species that comprises all the genetic groups for the best chance to improve their fitness under environmental stresses. 相似文献
12.
Pollen flow from external sources is important for the conservation of tree species in fragmented forests or small populations, because it can be sufficient to prevent differentiation among them, and appears to be able to prevent the loss of their genetic diversity through genetic drift. In this study, we examined the genetic heterogeneity of pollen pools accepted by each Quercus semiserrata seed parent at the Khun Wang Royal Agriculture Research Center, Thailand, both within and among two mast fruiting years (2005 and 2007), using paternity analysis and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The mating systems of the trees were also examined using the multilocus mating system model (MLTR), after determining the genotypes at eight microsatellite loci of 26 seed-trees and 435 seeds from 8 seed-trees in the 2 mast fruiting years. The average distance of effective pollen flow within the plot was estimated to be 52.4 m, and 95% of effective pollen was dispersed within 200 m, indicating that effective pollen flow is highly localized and that most effective pollen is contributed by near-neighbor trees. The proportion of effective pollen that immigrated from external sources was estimated to be 26.2%. The AMOVA analysis based on the pollen haplotypes showed that the pollen pools, both total and for each reproductive year, significantly genetically differed among the seed parents. Using a mixed mating model, the estimate of biparental inbreeding for the total population (tm − ts) was 0.013, indicating that a low proportion of mating occurred among close relatives. The effective number of pollen donors (Nep) was estimated to be 9.987 using the TwoGener model, or 10.989 using the mixed mating model. The effective number of pollen donors of seeds was higher in the mast fruiting year 2005 than in the other examined year, 2007. Consequently the allelic richness and genetic diversity of seeds produced in 2005 were higher than those produced in 2007. Overall, the results show that high outcrossing rates, high levels of gene flow from other populations and heterogeneity in the pollen received by an individual may enhance the ability of populations to maintain effective population sizes. Therefore, these processes may be sufficient to prevent loss of genetic diversity through genetic drift of Q. semiserrata at this study site. 相似文献
13.
Zhong-Sheng Wang Hong Liu Wei-Xiang Xu Na Wei Shu-Qing An 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(4):719-728
Dragon spruce (Mast) is a conifer endemic to western China and a popular species for reforestation programs of this region.
We used inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) molecular markers to conduct a population genetic study of nine geographically
close stands from three types of dragon spruce forests: (1) intact, (2) plantation, and (3) natural regenerated following
clearcut. Our main objective was to investigate the genetic structure of these populations and our expectation was that gene
flow was an important evolutionary force among them. We were unable to sample a large number of individuals in each cohort.
However, when young and mature cohorts from a particular stand were interpreted as a single unit, then sample size increased
significantly. The highest levels of genetic diversity were found in mature cohorts of the intact forests, the lowest in young
cohorts of these stands. Contrary to our expectations, low levels of gene flow existed between mature and young cohorts of
different forest types; and most gene flow occurred between cohorts belonging to the same stand. There were major differences
in the genetic structure of the three types of stands. Our results have conservation implications as the majority of wild
populations of dragon spruce are small and fragmented. Low gene flow among populations will lead to high levels of genetic
drift and a decline of genetic diversity within populations. 相似文献
14.
F.S. CarneiroA.E.B. Lacerda M.R. Lemes R. Gribel M. KanashiroL.H.O. Wadt A.M. Sebbenn 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(9):1758-1765
Using nine microsatellite loci, we studied the effects of selective logging on genetic diversity, mating system and pollen dispersal in a population of the tree species Hymenaea courbaril, located in a 546 ha plot in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará State, Brazil. We analyzed 250 offspring (nursery reared seedlings) collected after a logging episode from 14 open-pollinated seed trees. These were compared to 367 seedlings from 20 open-pollinated seed trees previously collected from the pre-logging primary forest. The genetic diversity was significantly lower in the post-logging seed cohort. In contrast to the pre-logging population, significant levels of selfing were detected in the post-logging population (tm = 0.962, P < 0.05). However, correlated matings were reduced and the effective number of pollen donors almost doubled after harvesting (3.8 against 7.2). Logging also reduced pollen immigration into the plot (from 55% to 38%) and we found no significant correlation between the size of the pollen donors and the number of seeds fathered. Inside the plot, pollen dispersal distance was shorter before logging than after (827 and 952 m, respectively) and the reproductive pollination neighbor area (Aep) was larger (average of 178 ha). The individual and average variance effective population size within families (ranged from 1.80 to 3.21, average of 2.47) was lower than expected in panmictic populations (Ne = 4). The results indicate that while logging greatly reduced the levels of genetic diversity after logging, it also increased genetic recombination within the population and constrained crossing among related individuals. The results show that low-density tropical tree species such as H. courbaril, when harvested in moderate levels may be resilient to a reduction in the reproductive population and may maintain similar levels of outcrossing and pollen dispersal after logging. 相似文献
15.
As a N2-fixing tree species, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is well adapted to arid regions and is utilized for multiple purposes in China. Current knowledge of genetic variability of H. rhamnoides is limited in terms of rangewide distributions. Eleven natural populations of sea buckthorn in northeastern and northwestern China were analyzed to detect genetic variation among and within populations, by use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) markers. Using eight primers, 207 polymorphic loci were observed, ranging in size from 250 to 2500 bp. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.0679) showed that the total molecular variance of 11 populations was mainly existed within populations. The genetic variation within and among the 11 populations was 93.21 and 6.79%, respectively. No significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances of the populations was found using ISSR markers. Our study provides a population-level genetic profile for further investigation and conservation of genetic diversity of sea buckthorn. 相似文献
16.
P. Belletti D. Ferrazzini A. Piotti I. Monteleone F. Ducci 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(4):1127-1138
Twenty-one populations of Scots pine sampled over the entire Italian range of the species were analysed for genetic variation scored at nine nuclear SSR markers. The main aim of the work was to find genetic features useful for conservation management, namely allelic composition, gene diversity and differentiation. High levels of intra-population variability were scored. The only population sampled in the Apennines gave the lowest values, confirming the genetic erosion undergone in the Scots pine remnants in this area. A low level of genetic variability was also scored for populations from the Po valley and hills of Piedmont. Most genetic diversity was found within populations, while only a small amount occurred among them (F ST?=?0.058). Both Bayesian clustering and sPCA analysis showed a East–West subdivision, notwithstanding the unclear position of populations from the Po valley. The population from the Apennines was always clearly separated from the others. The results are discussed in terms of post-glacial recolonisation, as well as for defining genetically homogeneous regions for Scots pine in Italy. The management of genetic resources could benefit from the identification of such ‘gene zones’, thereby avoiding the use of non-local reproductive material for plantations, which can represent one of the most important reasons for failure of reforestation. In addition, the assessment of the biogeographic genetic structure by neutral markers is a prerequisite for disentangling the influence of selectively neutral and non-neutral processes on the distribution of adaptive genetic variability. 相似文献
17.
Priscila Ambrósio Moreira Walter Steenbock Nivaldo Peroni Mauricio Sedrez dos Reis 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,83(2):245-256
Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella) is a legume tree species common in the early stages of succession in Araucaria angustifolia forests in southern Brazil. Bracatinga can form high-density monospecific stands called bracatingais. Its traditional management for charcoal production involves maintenance of the seed bank. Our objective was to analyze the
genetic diversity and structure of bracatingais to understand the mechanisms by which intraspecific diversity of M. scabrella is created and maintained in landscapes managed by family farmers in their agroforestry mosaics. We analyzed 14 bracatingais using 8 allozyme loci. We compared parental and progeny generation indices (7 loci) and described the mating system (9 loci)
of two progenies. Overall diversity was high: A = 2.69, H
o = 0.257, H
e = 0.382 and similar between populations. Overall fixation (F = 0.364) was similar to the fixation index (f = 0.329). The genetic divergence among populations was low (Θp = 0.052) but significant. The progenies’ genetic diversity values were similar to those of the previous generation (H
e pop11 = 0.342 vs. 0.420/H
e pop10 = 0.432 vs. 0.400). Progenies were compatible with half-sib and full-sib crossing expectations (θ
xy
= 0.204 and 0.194). Our data showed that there is a tendency for genetic structuring caused not only by the reproductive
system but also by genetic drift. It is very likely that the high genetic diversity is amplified by internal migration within
each bracatingal. This study showed that current landscape management can contribute to maintaining high levels of bracatinga genetic diversity, which contributes to its regional conservation. 相似文献
18.
《Southern Forests》2013,75(2):73-80
The genetic diversity among 17 populations (including 10 newly discovered) of Talbotiella gentii (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae), a rare tree species endemic to Ghana, was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A total of 80 polymorphic bands were generated from eight primers and analysed by cluster and correspondence analysis. This showed a clear distinction between populations, with two major groups associated with geographical origin. AMOVA analysis showed that 94.05% of the genetic variation was partitioned among populations, while only 5.95% was found within populations suggesting little gene flow between populations. Possible reasons for the high population genetic differentiation and the low levels of genetic variation within populations are inbreeding and genetic drift. Of a total of 26 known populations, 14 are now extinct, five during the course of this study. Action to prevent complete extinction of the species is therefore urgent. 相似文献
19.
Zhicong Dai Chuncan Si Deli Zhai Ping Huang Shanshan Qi Ying Lin Ruiping Wang Qiongxin Zhong Daolin Du 《林业研究》2018,29(2):291-299
The endangered Vatica mangachapoi, a long-lived, tropical tree with economic and ecological importance found in Hainan, China, was used to assess the hypothesis that historical human activities in Hainan’s tropical rain forest could have negative effects on the genetic diversity of V. mangachapoi. Three hundred and twenty individuals from 11 natural populations—which were classified into three groups according to levels of disturbance—were sampled and analyzed with ISSR markers. Although genetic diversity of V. mangachapoi is high at the species level, it is relatively low within populations. A significant genetic differentiation occurs among different disturbance levels. Significant isolation-by-distance indicated relevant historical anthropogenic changes. Our findings showed that historical human disturbances significantly increase the genetic differentiation and slightly decrease the genetic diversity of long-lived tree V. mangachapoi. Relevant targeting conservation actions were recommended. 相似文献
20.
《林业研究》2016,(5)
Castanopsis sclerophylla was surveyed for its root turion capacity on Laoshan Island in Zhejiang Province and dispersion patterns of seedlings,genetic diversity and genetic variation coefficient was studied using a SSR(simple sequence repeat) molecular marker technique to explore the genetic diversity of C.sclerophylla(Lindl.) Schott as a community and evaluate the community's development.The results showed that C.sclerophylla had strong root turion capacity,of which type Re2 was the most frequent,accounting for 32.4 and 82.4 % of the seedlings under the stock plant were from within-community mating;the 6 pairs of SSR primers chosen yielded high resolution with 97.6 % polymorphic sites;the within-community genetic diversity was over 88.9 % with stock plants(0.49)[seedling plants(0.45).Apparently,C.scerophyllan on Laoshan Island,propagating mainly by root turions,has developed high genetic diversity within a short period,keeping the community in a stage of stable growth and moving toward a climax community.The tillers,however,aggravate closing of the community so that it receives less pollen from outside.Within-community mating is thus reaching seriously high levels,which can lead to lower within-community genetic variation,a decline in DNA genetic diversity,and is bad for its development.Therefore,human interference should be taken to expand genetic exchange among communities. 相似文献