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1.
为探讨云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)肝脏代谢酶活力对盐度骤降的响应,设置27(对照组)、21、15、9共4个盐度梯度对云纹石斑鱼进行盐度骤降胁迫实验。分别在0、1、2、3、7 d时取样,测定其肝脏中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)以及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力。结果显示,ACP活力盐度21组先波动变化后恢复正常水平,盐度15组先下降后升高,随后第7天下降恢复正常水平;AKP活力盐度21组和盐度15组先呈下降趋势,第3天大幅度升高;GPT与LDH活力盐度21组和盐度15组基本呈现先下降再上升并波动的变化趋势;GOT活力变化趋势盐度21组先升后降,盐度15组先降后波动。研究表明:在盐度27骤降至21或15,均会使云纹石斑鱼产生应激反应,磷酸酶、转氨酶与乳酸脱氢酶活力初期均会受到抑制,随时间延长可以得到恢复;而当盐度从27骤降至9,3 d时实验鱼全部死亡。  相似文献   

2.
针对南方沿海夏季高温对贝类种苗存活的影响,研究了北部湾海域施氏獭蛤自然群体人工繁育的稚贝对高温和干露的耐受性,以期为高温期稚贝培育和运输提供参考。试验结果表明:(1)施氏獭蛤稚贝的成活率在水温30~35℃时,存在显著的温度效应,随温度升高,稚贝存活率快速下降,组间差异显著(P0.05),高温敏感起始点为31℃,高起始致死温度为31.87℃,温度为33、34、35℃时,100%致死的时间分别为6d、4d和2d,7d后,稚贝不再死亡;(2)无沙干露组各温度维持100%存活的最长时间分别为20℃组18h,30℃组9h,10℃组6h,有沙干露组只有20℃组在15h内可维持100%存活,30℃组和10℃组在6h内已出现死亡。研究结果表明,无沙干露和20℃较适合稚贝的长途干露运输。研究结果为施氏獭蛤养殖海域的选取、稚贝的长途运输提供科学依据考。  相似文献   

3.
采用胸腔注射法,研究了恩诺沙星对湘云鲫(Triploid crucian carp)组织谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性的影响。结果显示,给药后5 d,各试验组GPT、GOT酶活性均升高,与对照组之间呈显著差异水平(P<0.05);给药后10 d,各浓度组GPT酶活性有所降低,而GOT酶活性则继续升高,鳃的GOT酶活性达到了最大值;给药后15、20 d,各浓度组GPT酶活性继续下降,而肝脏、肾脏GOT酶活性在给药后15 d时达到最大值,之后开始下降;给药后25 d,鳃的GPT酶活性除200 mg/kg组外都恢复至正常水平,而肝脏、肾脏各浓度组的GPT酶活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),肝脏的GOT酶活性恢复到了正常水平,而鳃和肾脏的GOT酶活性略高于对照组水平。  相似文献   

4.
温度和盐度对企鹅珍珠贝清滤率、滤食率、吸收率的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
采用实验生态学方法研究了温度和盐度对企鹅珍珠贝清滤率、滤食率、吸收率的影响,结果表明,(1) 在盐度28.3～29.1条件下,温度对企鹅珍珠贝的清滤率、滤食率和吸收率产生极显著的影响(P＜0.01);在实验温度(14～32 ℃)范围内,随温度的升高,企鹅珍珠贝的清滤率、滤食率和吸收率增大,29 ℃时均达峰值,分别为0.87 L/h、4.17 mg POM/h和84.01%;温度为32 ℃时,企鹅珍珠贝的清滤率、滤食率和吸收率较29 ℃时均下降,但3个生理指标仍处于较高水平,表明企鹅珍珠贝属典型热带和亚热带品种,表现出对高温的较强适应性;23～32 ℃为企鹅珍珠贝较适宜摄食温度,29 ℃左右为该贝的最佳摄食温度。(2) 在温度27.4～27.8 ℃条件下,盐度对企鹅珍珠贝的清滤率、滤食率和吸收率影响极显著(P＜0.01);在实验盐度(19～37)范围内,随盐度的升高,企鹅珍珠贝的清滤率、滤食率和吸收率增大,盐度为31时均达最大值,分别为0.36 L/h、1.87 mg POM/h和76.95%;盐度为34和37时均下降;盐度为34时,3个摄食生理指标仍呈现较高水平,表明企鹅珍珠贝属典型的狭盐性贝类,表现出对高盐的较强适应性;企鹅珍珠贝较适宜的摄食盐度范围为25～34,最佳摄食盐度为31左右。  相似文献   

5.
以血粉复合发酵蛋白(Fermented blood meal protein,FBP)分别等量替代对照组日粮中37.5%、62.5%和100%的鱼粉,研究了FBP对彭泽鲫(Carassius auratus)的生长性能和肝脏功能的影响。结果显示,随着替代比例的增加,彭泽鲫的增重率呈下降趋势,饲料系数依次上升,但替代37.5%鱼粉组的增重率和饲料系数与对照组差异不显著;肠道消化酶活性、肝脏谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性和GPT/GOP比值随替代比例的增加而下降,碱性磷酸酶活性呈上升趋势。在37.5%替代比例下,彭泽鲫肝脏抗氧化能力与对照组差异不显著。本实验说明,FBP替代鱼粉的比例不宜超过37.5%。  相似文献   

6.
病毒感染后杂色鲍部分血清免疫因子的变化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文
对杂色鲍(HaliotisdiversicolorReeve)进行病毒悬液和PBS(对照)注射感染,研究其血清免疫因子SOD、ACP、AKP、MPO活性的变化,并对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,(1)注射病毒悬液组SOD活性变化为逐渐上升,至8h后达到最高点,然后逐渐下降;对照组SOD活力呈下降趋势,8h后上升,12h后恢复至初始水平,二者结果差异均为显著或极显著(P<0 05或P<0 01)。(2)注射病毒悬液组ACP与AKP活性的变化为:36h前变化不大,48h后明显上升;对照组ACP和AKP活性变化不大,二者结果除了第48小时外,差异均不显著(P>0 05)。(3)注射病毒悬液组MPO活性在第1小时内上升,然后逐渐下降,第8小时下降到最低点,随后逐渐上升;对照组在第1小时内下降,然后逐渐上升,第12小时升至最高点,然后逐渐下降,48h后与正常鲍活性基本一致。t检验显示,这两组结果在第1、4、8、24、36、48h差异显著或极显著(P<0 05或P<0 01),在第2、12小时差异不显著。结果显示,在人工感染病毒48h内,杂色鲍体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化,血清中SOD活性降低,ACP及AKP活性显著升高,MPO活性显著升高。  相似文献   

7.
广东雷州流沙湾养殖企鹅珍珠贝多毛类寄生虫病的调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对流沙湾养殖的企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)多毛类寄生虫病进行了调查。结果显示,锥形笼养殖2~4年的企鹅珍珠贝母贝多毛类寄生虫病感染率为39.13%~44.98%,开放式养殖2~4年为26.6%~35.63%,同一养殖方式各龄母贝多毛类寄生虫病感染率之间差异不显著(P>0.05);养殖时间两年时,多毛类寄生虫病的感染率与养殖方式之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01);养殖时间3年和4年时,多毛类寄生虫病的感染率与养殖方式之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。锥形笼养殖的企鹅珍珠贝左壳较易感染多毛类寄生虫病。企鹅珍珠贝感染多毛类寄生虫病后,其生长与健康贝相比,无显著差异(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨有氧运动强度对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)生长、血液非特异性免疫机能和肝脏抗氧化能力的影响,本研究将斜带石斑鱼放置在4个运动强度(对照组0 bl/s、实验组0.5 bl/s、实验组1.0 bl/s和实验组2.0 bl/s)中进行8周的训练实验。结果表明,1.0 bl/s运动强度对斜带石斑鱼的特定生长率(SGR)、增重率(WGR)和成活率(SR)有显著提高作用(P0.05)。血清中总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLB)、补体C3含量和溶菌酶(LYZ)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性随运动强度的增加先上升后下降,其中1.0 bl/s组显著高于其他组(P0.05),而血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性先下降后上升,其中1.0 bl/s组显著低于其他组(P0.05),白蛋白(ALB)和补体C4含量无显著性差异(P0.05)。肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性随运动强度的增加也呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在1.0 bl/s组中活性显著高于其他组(P0.05)。8周运动训练对肝脏HSP70mRNA表达水平有显著影响,1.0 bl/s组显著高于其他组(P0.05)。总之,1.0 bl/s运动强度可提高斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的生长速度、增强血液非特异性免疫功能和肝脏抗氧化能力,上调HSP70 mRNA表达水平。  相似文献   

9.
企鹅珍珠贝抗氧化系统对铜暴露的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在水温(27.6±1.0)℃下,容积为0.2m3玻璃钢水桶中,采用静态法研究了五水硫酸铜配制的Cu~(2+)质量浓度为10、20μg/L和40μg/L对体质量(88.24±13.32)g企鹅珍珠贝的肝胰脏组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,Cu~(2+)对企鹅珍珠贝抗氧化酶活性均有诱导作用;在Cu~(2+)较低质量浓度作用下,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性上升较快,而过氧化氢酶活性则在较高质量浓度组活性提升显著,超氧化物歧化酶活性在不同质量浓度下早期均呈缓慢上升的趋势,高质量浓度组在试验结束时仍然保持较高活性;以上3种抗氧化酶均对重金属Cu~(2+)较敏感,可作为海水环境中Cu~(2+)含量的监测指示物。  相似文献   

10.
施兆鸿  彭士明  宋国  孙鹏  尹飞  王建钢 《水产学报》2012,36(9):1435-1442
为研究条石鲷幼鱼在饥饿与再投喂条件下机体各组织和血清中主要代谢酶活性和糖元含量的变化,以平均体质量为(10.0±1.0)g的条石鲷幼鱼为实验对象,实验共设5个处理组,分别为每天投喂(S0)、饥饿3 d(S3)、饥饿6 d(S6)、饥饿9 d(S9)和饥饿12 d(S12),饥饿后再恢复投喂至实验结束,整个实验同期对照30 d。在实验前、饥饿处理后和再投喂后分别取样,检测血清、肝脏和肌肉中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)变化以及糖元含量。研究结果显示,饥饿与再投喂对血糖、肝糖元含量影响显著(P<0.05),饥饿导致血糖(S12除外)、肝糖元含量显著降低,再投喂后肝糖元含量基本恢复到饥饿前水平。然而,肌糖元含量在饥饿与再投喂过程中变化并不明显。实验期间,AKP活性和GPT活性在血清和肝脏中变化明显,且恢复投喂后血清与肝脏中的各代谢酶活性均基本恢复到初始活性水平。肌肉中AKP、ACP、GPT和GOT活性在整个饥饿与再投喂过程中变化则并不明显。分析认为,条石鲷幼鱼血糖浓度维持在(2.65±0.33)～(3.70±0.36)mmol/L是保持机体代谢活动所必须的水平;在条石鲷机体应对饥饿胁迫的过程中,血清和肝脏中主要代谢酶活性的相应变化对于保障机体在饥饿条件下的基础代谢起着至关重要的作用。  相似文献   

11.
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1).  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.  相似文献   

14.
对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。  相似文献   

15.
As an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph.  相似文献   

16.
Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.  相似文献   

17.
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.  相似文献   

18.
The recruitment strategy of swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus, was investigated by field observations and numerical experiments in Hiuchi-Nada, Japan. Calculated dispersal patterns of zoeal and megalopal stages in a three-dimensional numerical model reproduce observed patterns accurately. The temporal change of vertical migration patterns between the 1st and 2nd zoeas and the 3rd and 4th zoeas plays an important role in the process of recruitment of P. trituberculatus from spawning ground to nursery ground.  相似文献   

19.
This study aimed to find out if dietary carotenoid (CD) supplement could make differences in survival, growth, pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity of characins Hyphessobrycon callistus, an ornamental fish. Two types of CD and its combination (AX — astaxanthin, BC — β-carotene, MX — 1:1 combination of AX and BC) at three concentrations (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) were used resulting in nine pigmented diets. A diet without CD supplement served as control. No differences in growth and survival of the fish among treatments were found after 8 weeks rearing. Disregarding the types of dietary CD, AX dominated (> 98%) the body CD, indicating that this fish converted most dietary BC into body AX for storage. Body AX and BC content increased with increasing dietary CD concentration. Body AX in BC-fed fish was lower than that in both AX- and MX-fed fish. No difference in body AX was found between AX- and MX-fed fish, and in body BC in all pigmented fish. Serum total antioxidant status [TAS], serum antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidases [GPx]) and serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) were chosen as indices of fish antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant activities changed with dietary CD type and concentration. Pigmented fish had lower SOD, GPx and ALT than control fish; dietary CD types only affected SOD and ALT in fish. AX-fed fish had the lowest SOD. Dietary AX had more numbers of negative correlations with antioxidant parameters in fish than BC.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Effects of salinity on embryonic development and growth of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, eggs and larvae were studied. Eggs were incubated at 27-29°C in 2,4,6,8, and 10 ppt sodium chloride. Rate of embryonic development was delayed in all salt solutions by 15, 15,28 and 30 minutes, in 2,4,6, and 8 ppt sodium chloride, respectively, when compared with the control group (0% salt); total mortality occurred at 12 hours after gastrula stage in the 10 ppt concentration. Percentage hatching was 45.1,47.7, 59.5,49.2, and 26.6% while percentage deformity was 10.4, 16.1, 52.0, 28.6, and 71.6% in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ppt salt treatments, respectively. There were significant differences (P <0.05) in the hatching percentage and in deformity percentage between 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of yolk absorption was significantly faster in the control and 2 ppt salt treatments, but slower in 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of increase in length was slower with increasing salinity. The optimum salinity for African catfish eggs and was between 0-2 ppt and acceptable up to 6 ppt. The results suggest that increasing salinity delayed hatching and development of African catfish eggs and larvae, respectively, as well as increased the deformity of the larvae.  相似文献   

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