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1.
Bacteria were detected in the enterocytes of the distal jejunum in weaned pigs on Days 7 and 9 post-infection (DPI) with Eimeria scabra in addition to the developmental stages of the coccidia. Short rod-shaped bacteria were identified in approximately 60% of the enterocytes that contained developmental stages of E. scabra. No such bacteria were observed in cells where coccidia were absent. Gamonts of cryptosporidia were also observed within the microvillous zone of the enterocytes in the distal jejunum of weaned pigs on DPI 9 with E. scabra. Cryptosporidia were present only in enterocytes harbouring stages of E. scabra. Chlamydial particles were also found in the cytoplasm of enterocytes 7 DPI with E. scabra. The presence of other enteropathogens exclusively in the enterocytes containing developmental stages of coccidia suggests that the coccidium E. scabra facilitates the invasion and development of bacteria, cryptosporidia and chlamydia in the enterocytes. 相似文献
2.
Specificity and cross-reactivity of hybridoma antibodies generated against Eimeria bovis sporozoites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D S Lindsay J P Dubey P C Augustine H D Danforth R Fayer 《Veterinary parasitology》1989,32(2-3):145-151
Spleens from mice immunized with Eimeria bovis sporozoites were removed and the cells fused with mouse myeloma cells to produce hybridoma cell lines (HCLs). The resulting HCLs were examined for antibody (HAB) production against E. bovis sporozoites using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test on air-dried sporozoites. Four fusions resulted in the production of 19 HCLs that produced HABs to E. bovis sporozoites. These 19 HCLs were further tested for reactivity with cell culture-grown merozoites of E. bovis and Sarcocystis cruzi of cattle; sporozoites of Eimeria tenella from chickens, Eimeria meleagrimitis from turkeys, Eimeria papillata and Eimeria vermiformis from mice; and bradyzoites of S. cruzi from calves. Six HCLs produced HABs that reacted only with E. bovis sporozoites and were species specific/stage specific. Two HCLs produced HABs that reacted only with E. bovis sporozoites and merozoites, and were species specific/stage cross-reactive. Seven HCLs produced HABs that reacted with the sporozoites of the other Eimeria species examined and were species cross-reactive/stage specific. Four of the HCLs produced HABs that reacted with all organisms tested and were species cross-reactive/stage cross-reactive. The results of this study suggest the conservation of some antigens throughout developmental stages and genera of Eimeriorina. 相似文献
3.
The distribution of oocysts, sporocysts and sporozoites of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima in the digestive tract of chicken and in excreta was investigated. At 1 h after the oral inoculation of E. tenella oocysts, the number of sporocysts in the cecum was 3.4 x 10(6) and decreased gradually thereafter, and the number of sporozoites in the cecum increased and remained at a high level until 12 h after the inoculation. Small numbers of sporocysts and sporozoites of E. tenella were found in other intestinal sites. A great number of E. maxima sporozoites was found, especially in the jejunum, 2 h after the inoculation. The findings that the largest populations of sporozoites of E. tenella and E. maxima were found in the cecum and the jejunum, respectively, indicate that the site specificity of sporozoite invasion for each species is determined before the invasion takes place. 相似文献
4.
An isolate of Eimeria meleagridis Tyzzer, 1927 was obtained by harvesting oocysts from the ceca of a turkey from northwest Arkansas and a pure line was established by infecting birds with a single oocyst. Oocysts were first produced in the ceca of infected birds from 102 to 108 hr after inoculation and were of similar size (mean length X width, 24.9 X 17.0 microm) to those of Eimeria adenoeides Moore and Brown, 1951 and Eimeria gallopavonis Hawkins, 1952. The line was identified as E. meleagridis based upon the development of large schizonts in the midintestine, and small schizonts in the ceca. Two generations of large schizonts were found 48 and 72 hr after infection, and at least two generations of small schizonts were found from 60 to 108 hr after infection. An inoculum of 2 X 10(5) oocysts was found to cause a significant reduction in weight gain from days 0-3 and 0-6 after infection, suggesting that the significance of this species of Eimeria as a pathogen of turkeys should be reassessed. 相似文献
5.
Donor chickens given feed medicated with one or two levels of decoquinate or given non-medicated feed were infected with oocysts of Eimeria tenella or E. maxima per os. Twelve hours after inoculation with oocysts liver, mid-intestine or ceca homogenates were fed to previously uninfected recipient chickens. The results showed that continuous medication with decoquinate was effective in preventing the transfer of sporozoites from the intestine to the liver. Oocysts were detected in the feces of all recipients of tissue from non-medicated donors, showing that some sporozoites of E. maxima and E. tenella are normally transferred to liver. Young broiler chickens were immunized by oral inoculation of E. maxima oocysts. The immune status of similar chickens inoculated with sporozoites of the same species directly into the liver or spleen were assessed. During the experimental period half of the chicks were provided with non-medicated food and the remainder were given feed supplemented with decoquinate; decoquinate was effective in arresting the development of the sporozoites. Two weeks after initial infection the birds were challenged with oocysts of E. maxima per os. Injection of sporozoites into the spleen did not protect against challenge. Birds inoculated with sporozoites into the liver were unable to develop a significant level of immunity. When the drug pressure was removed from these birds, parasitism of the intestine occurred and immunity developed. 相似文献
6.
Matsui T Fujino T Kobayashi F Morita T Imai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(4):331-336
Life cycle of Eimeria krijgsmanni-like coccidium isolated from the feces of naturally infected mice purchased from commercial sources was examined. The parasite was purified by single oocyst isolation and maintained by passage in the mice before experiments. The sporulated oocysts were ovoid or ellipsoid, measuring 19.3 x 14.8 microm on average. One or two small polar granules were present. Micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent. Sporocysts were ellipsoid, measuring 11.6 x 7.2 microm on average with a small Stieda body and sporocyst residuum. Six groups of respective 5 mice (4-week-old) were inoculated with doses varying from 2.0 x 10(1) to 10(6) oocysts. All the mice examined began to shed oocysts from 7 day postinoculation (PI) and their maximum number of oocysts per gram of feces were 10(6) on day 8 PI. Patency was 6 or 7 days. This parasite had severe virulence to the mice that is, the mice given 10(6) oocysts showed anorexia, diarrhoea and rough hair from 1 day and all of them died on day 3 PI. The mice given 10(3) or more oocysts showed the clinical signs described above from day 5 and 4 of them received 10(5) died on day 9 or 10 PI. The parasites occurred within the epithelial cells of cecum, colon and rectum of infected mice. Sporozoites, 13.9 x 3.0 microm, with two large refractil bodies on side of the nucleus located subcentrally were observed on day 1 and 2 PI. Merozoites were first observed at 24 hr PI, and sexual stages were found from 4 day PI. No parasites were detected in the small intestine and mecenteric lymph nodes. 相似文献
7.
The invasion of the intestinal epithelium of immunized and unimmunized turkeys and chickens by four species of Eimeria was quantitated. In unimmunized birds, E. adenoeides, E. acervulina, and E. tenella invaded primarily the areas in which first-generation schizonts subsequently developed. Eimeria meleagrimitis invaded a larger area of the intestine. Between 1 and 4 hr postinoculation, the numbers of intracellular sporozoites increased, but their location within the intestine was little changed. When birds were immunized with either of two lower intestinal species, E. adenoeides or E. tenella, and then challenged with the immunizing species, invasion was reduced by 36% to 55%. In contrast, immunizing and then challenging birds with either of two upper intestinal species, E. meleagrimitis or E. acervulina, did not reduce invasion: there were 44% more intracellular sporozoites in E. meleagrimitis-immunized turkeys and 11% more in E. acervulina-immunized chickens than in their unimmunized counterparts. 相似文献
8.
Four asexual generations of Eimeria mitis were identified. The first three developed above the epithelial cell nuclei, but the fourth developed above and below. Meronts measured 13.8 x 16.4 microns, 16.1 x 16.4 microns, 12.1 x 14.6 microns, and 9.5 x 12.4 microns, respectively, of generations 1, 2, 3, and 4. They matured at 36, 67, 72, and 88 hr postinoculation (PI) and contain 20-24, 16-20, 10-14, and 7-10 merozoites, respectively. Merozonts measured 7.2 x 1.9 microns, 8.5 x 2.5 microns, 9.6 x 2.0 microns, and 6.75 x 2.75 microns, respectively. The first two types of meronts were deep in the crypts and epithelial cells. The third and fourth types of meronts were along the side and tip of the villi. Gametocytes developed from third and fourth generation. Gamonts were usually below the nuclei of the epithelial cells. Parasitism was primarily in the ileum, ceca, and rectum and also in the yolk-sac diverticulum. 相似文献
9.
Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAB) generated against sporozoites of Eimeria bovis were tested for reactivity against immature and mature first-generation meronts, sexual stages, and oocysts in tissues from experimentally infected calves by use of an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABPC) immunohistologic test. Three of the 7 MAB reacted in the ABPC test. One of these, MAB-4FB4, reacted only with mature E bovis meronts. The other 2 MAB, MAB-2AE7 and MAB-4AD7, reacted with all the developmental stages of E bovis tested. Asexual stages and sexual stages of E tenella from chickens and E papillata from mice also were examined in the ABPC test. Monoclonal antibodies MAB-2AE7 and MAB-4AD7 reacted with all stages of these eimerian protozoa. None of the other 5 MAB reacted with these parasites. Results of this study suggested that antigens are shared among the asexual and sexual stages of several diverse Eimeria species. 相似文献
10.
H Takano T Inamoto K Ogimoto Y Nakai 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(2):289-292
The developmental process of a Cryptosporidium isolated in Japan in the chicken intestine was investigated by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopies (TEM). The parasites were detected in the ileum, cecum, colon, cloaca and bursa of Fabricius (BF). The intensity of infection tended to peak later in the BF than ileum. Trophozoites and schizonts were detected in all the portions of intestine, and were dominant in the developmental stages. Although macrogamonts were the secondary dominant stage, they were absent in the ileum and cecum at 60 hr postinoculation (PI). A few microgamonts were detected in the ileum at 36 hr PI and in the BF on day 19 PI. Oocysts were observed in the ileum at 48 hr PI and in the BF on day 19 PI. 相似文献
11.
Hashemnia M Khodakaram-Tafti A Razavi SM Nazifi S 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(1):47-55
The progressive morphohistopathologic changes, distribution pattern of lesions and ultrastructural characteristics in Eimeria arloingi infection were investigated in experimentally infected kids. The 18 newborn animals allocated to 3 equal groups. Two of groups,
A, B were inoculated with a single dose of 1 × 103 and1 × 105 sporulated oocysts of E. arloingi, respectively. At 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days postinoculation (DPI), 1 kid from each group was necropsied for pathologic
and ultrastructural studies. Progressive lesions were present at 21, 28, 35 and 42 DPI in the jejunum, ileum, cecum with fewer
in the duodenum and proximal colon. The oocysts shedding begin between 16 to 18 DPI. Grossly, minimal changes were observed
at 21 DPI as few whitish plaques or nodules and advanced lesions at 42 DPI as pseudoadenomatous pattern in the mucosa and
a cerebriform pattern on the serosal surface of jejunum and ileum. Early histopathologic lesions due to schizogony phase were
including presence of intracytoplasmic developmental stages of the parasite such as trophozoites, immature to mature schizonts
and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells. In late lesions due to various stages of gametogony, the histological pattern
was mainly remarkable hyperplasia of the villi and crypts epithelial cells, eventually developed into papillary projections
of reactive epithelium. The mesenteric lymph nodes showed a few numbers of large schizonts in the cortical lacteals. This
study showed E. arloingi as a highly pathogenic species for kids, the incubation period was 16–18 days and the main target organ was jejunum with
characteristic morphohistopathologic lesions. 相似文献
12.
O'Brien MF Brown MJ Stidworthy MF Peirce MA Marshall RN Honma H Nakai Y 《The Veterinary record》2011,168(8):216
Clinical disease and mortalities due to disseminated visceral coccidiosis were identified for the first time in a group of captive juvenile Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK during 2008. Presumptive diagnosis was made from the finding of granulomatous nodules in the liver, spleen and other organs at gross postmortem examination, and confirmed histologically by the presence of intracellular coccidial stages within lesions. The species of coccidian was determined to be Eimeria reichenowi on the basis of faecal oocyst morphology and sequencing of 18S rDNA by PCR. A further outbreak of clinical disease occurred in the same enclosure in 2009, affecting a new group of juvenile Eurasian cranes and demoiselle cranes (Anthropoides virgo) and indicating the persistence of infective oocysts in the environment. Clinical sampling of birds during both years demonstrated positive results from examination of both faecal samples and peripheral blood smears. 相似文献
13.
Merozoites of Eimeria bovis were harvested from bovine monocyte cell cultures and used to immunize BALB/C mice. Spleens from immunized mice were removed and the cells fused with mouse myeloma cells. Supernates from resulting hybridoma cell lines were examined for antibodies to first-generation E. bovis merozoites using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay. Three positive cell lines were identified and cloned by limiting dilution. All three cell lines produced immunoglobulins of the IgG1 isotype that recognized antigens in the anterior half to two-thirds of the merozoites. Specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was examined with the IFA assay against sporozoites of E. bovis, sporozoites and merozoites of Eimeria papillata from mice and Eimeria tenella from chickens, sporozoites of Isospora suis from pigs, and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum from cell cultures. Monoclonal antibodies from the three clones reacted with the anterior end of E. bovis sporozoites, but did not react with the other parasites examined. None of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with merozoite antigens in immunoblots. 相似文献
14.
Constantinoiu CC Lillehoj HS Matsubayashi M Hosoda Y Tani H Matsuda H Sasai K Baba E 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,118(1-2):29-35
For Apicomplexa (members) the host cell invasion is realized with the help of the organelles located at the apical tip of parasites. In this research paper the characterization of five chicken monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against Eimeria acervulina sporozoites is described. All mabs reacted with molecules belonging to the apical complex of chicken Eimeria sporozoites. On immunofluorescence assay (IFA) one mab, 8E-1, recognized an apical tip molecule present on all chicken Eimeria sporozoites, two mabs (8D-2 and HE-4) recognized an antigen present on the apical tip of the same two Eimeria species (E. acervulina and E. brunetti), another mab (5D-11) recognized an antigen present on the apical tip of other two species (E. acervulina and E. maxima) while one mab (8C-3) identified antigens present on the sporozoites and sporocysts wall of only E. acervulina. Besides the apical tip antigens, two mabs (HE-4 and 8D-2) recognized some proteins located in the anterior half of the sporozoites. Collectively, these mabs proved that the apical complex of chicken Eimeria sporozoites share one or more antigens that are expected to play a role in host cell recognition and invasion. 相似文献
15.
肠艾美耳球虫配子生殖与病理变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用单个肠艾美耳球虫Eimeria intestimalis Cheissin 1984卵囊感染无球虫兔,获得纯种进行研究。1.肠艾美耳球虫的配子生殖阶段寄生于空肠和回肠,此时宿主组织有较严重病变。12指肠、结肠和盲肠未见虫体,但在感染后264小时见盲肠的个别绒毛内有1～3个配子体,可能属偶然现象。2.感染后180小时发现极少数早期配子体,感染后192小时出现少量配子体寄生在空肠和回肠的绒毛和腺上皮细胞内,感染后216至264小时,绒毛上皮和腺上皮细胞内多为配子体、合子和卵囊所取代。感染后216小时出现极少量卵囊,264小时则见有大量卵囊。3.感染开始时(感染后61～73小时),回肠、空肠绒毛上皮正常;腺上皮细胞出现少量滋养体和裂殖体。96至192小时后,肠绒毛上皮和腺上皮受侵害程度渐趋严重,肠绒毛变矮,绒毛上皮及腺上皮细胞肿大变空,细胞核消失。许多腺泡塌陷。感染后216～264小时,肠绒毛受侵害最为严重,空肠和回肠绒毛萎缩或消失,变为一层矮柱或立方形上皮细胞或全无上皮细胞覆盖的绒毛。固有层均质红染,或颗粒状。肠腺塌陷,数量减少,大小不一。腺腔内见有配子体、合子或卵囊残留,部分腺泡上皮细胞再生,细胞核增生成堆。12指肠、盲肠和结肠正常。 相似文献
16.
Constantinoiu CC Lillehoj HS Matsubayashi M Tani H Matsuda H Sasai K Baba E 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(4):403-408
The characterization of five chicken monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that were developed against apical complex antigens of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites is realized and the mAbs reactivity to merozoites belonging to this species is tested. Using immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA), one mAb (HE-4) that recognized apical antigens common to sporozoites of E. acervulina and E. brunetti bound antigens localized on the apical tip of merozoites from all stages of development examined. The mAb 8E-1, reactive with antigens found on the apical tip of all chicken Eimeria sporozoites, also showed binding to antigens common to merozoites from all generations. Another mAb, 8C-3, which identified an antigen shared by sporozoites apical tip and sporocysts wall of E. acervulina reacted very weak and inconstantly with the merozoites from all generations whereas the mAbs 5D-11 and 8D-2 that recognized antigens shared by the sporozoites of E. acervulina and E. maxima (mAb 5D-11) and E. acervulina and E. brunetti (mAb 8D-2) did not react with the merozoites from any generation. Collectively, these results showed that the invasive stages of chicken Eimeria share cross reactive apical complex antigens which are inter-species and inter-generation-specific that might be components of a potential recombinant vaccine. 相似文献
17.
NK-lysin is an antimicrobial and antitumor polypeptide that is considered to play an important role in innate immunity. Chicken NK-lysin is a member of the saposin-like protein family and exhibits potent antitumor cell activity. To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of chicken NK-lysin, we examined its ability to reduce the viability of various bacterial strains and two species of Eimeria parasites. Culture supernatants from COS7 cells transfected with a chicken NK-lysin cDNA and His-tagged purified NK-lysin from the transfected cells both showed high cytotoxic activity against Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima sporozoites. In contrast, no bactericidal activity was observed. Further studies using synthetic peptides derived from NK-lysin may be useful for pharmaceutical and agricultural uses in the food animal industry. 相似文献
18.
H D Danforth 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(9):1722-1727
Three different hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibodies (Ab) were used to study their reactivities with in vitro developmental stages of Eimeria tenella and their effects on sporozoite penetration and intracellular development. One Ab (designated B10) was stage-specific, whereas the other 2 Ab (designated C3 and E5) reacted with various intracellular developmental stages of the coccidia. The E5 Ab interacted with the cytoplasm of cultured cells that were infected with sporozoites at 24 hours after inoculation. All 3 Ab inhibited penetration to various degrees--the one designated B10 having the greatest inhibitory effect. These 3 Ab also inhibited development of the parasite in cell culture, provided that Ab was continuously present in the cell culture medium. Removal of Ab from the medium allowed coccidial development to continue at about the same rate as in controls. A longer pretreatment time of the sporozoites with the Ab before cell inoculation increased the inhibitory effect with respect to both the penetration and the development of the parasite. 相似文献
19.