共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 890 毫秒
1.
2.
为进一步提高网式装烟框散叶装烟的烟叶烘烤质量,研究了与之相匹配的持续升温烤香烤柔烘烤工艺(T),并与生产上推广应用的烘烤工艺(CK)进行了对比试验。结果表明,与CK相比,工艺T能显著改善烟叶等级结构;显著提高上等烟比例,下部叶、中部叶和上部叶分别提高294.32%、66.02%和17.89%;显著降低下低等烟、级外烟、光滑烟和僵硬烟的比例,下部叶的下低等烟、级外烟和光滑烟分别降低39.09%、58.98%和54.56%,中部叶的下低等烟降低31.19%,上部叶的下低等烟和僵硬烟分别降低47.02%和87.59%;烟叶总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比更适宜;香气成分含量更高,下部叶、中部叶和上部叶分别提高5.88%、10.82%和2.92%;评吸质量更好。因此,烤香烤柔工艺(T)能显著改善烟叶外观质量、提高烟叶内在质量和可用性。 相似文献
3.
密集烘烤过程中烟叶颜色、形态和水分变化及相互关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以K326中部烟叶为材料,研究了密集烘烤过程中烟叶颜色参数、形态、水分变化特征及其关系.结果表明:密集烘烤过程中烟叶正面与背面颜色参数值变化趋势基本一致,且烘烤前期变化幅度较大,烘烤后期变化幅度较小,同时正面变化速度较背面快.主脉的颜色参数值变化较叶片变化滞后.烘烤开始烟叶厚度收缩率一直呈现较大变化,进入干筋期变化趋势减缓;其余各形态指标前期变化幅度较小,中期相对剧烈,后期又逐渐减缓.烘烤过程中叶片、主脉及整叶相对含水量呈现递减趋势,前期失水速度慢,中期失水速度快.密集烘烤过程中烟叶正面、背面和主脉的红度值与烟叶的收缩率指标、卷曲率指标和含水率指标呈显著或极显著相关;烟叶背面亮度值与收缩率指标和纵向卷曲率、烟叶正面亮度值与厚度收缩率、主脉黄度值与横向卷曲率和含水率指标呈显著或极显著相关. 相似文献
4.
在单体气流上升式密集烤房上面设计建造低成本的日光温室型太阳能集热器,并与没有接装集热器的密集烤房进行烟叶烘烤对比试验。结果表明,利用太阳能辅助供热密集烤房的平均每炕烟叶耗煤量（564.5 kg）显著地低于对照烤房（691.7 kg）;太阳能烤房的平均节煤率为19.18％,节电率为6.95％。太阳能烤房烤后烟叶的等级结构和外观质量均稍好于对照;相同部位主要化学成分含量与对照均没有明显差异;香气成分含量高于对照。因此认为,接装太阳能集热器的密集烤房的节能减排效果显著,烟叶烘烤质量有所提高。 相似文献
5.
为确定切合云南实际的密集烤房建设形式,实现烤烟烘烤“减工降本、节能增效”,以 K326中部叶为试验材料,对5种建设规格的云烟-12型四层密集烤房以及常规三层密集烤房烘烤性能及其烤后烟叶质量进行了对比研究。结果表明,云烟-12型四层密集烤房较常规三层密集烤房平均烘烤能力增加22.45％,关键温度点干球和湿球温度控制精准度、烤后烟叶上中等烟比例、均价以及烟叶质量无明显差异,烘烤时间略有延长,但烘烤能耗成本降低14.14％。5种建设规格的云烟-12型四层密集烤房,烤房烤能随着建设高度增加呈先增加后略有减少趋势,相同烘烤能力烤房建设成本呈先略有下降后上升然后再下降的趋势,烤后烟叶质量无明显差异。云烟-12型四层密集烤房能充分发挥密集烤房优势,降低烘烤能耗成本,提高经济效益,烟叶质量较好。 相似文献
6.
笼式烟夹对密集烘烤效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索烟叶烘烤环节新的装烟方式,从操作时间、烘烤时间、风速控制、烘烤耗能与成本和烤后烟叶外观质量与等级比例对笼式烟夹与常规挂竿做了对比研究.结果表明,笼式烟夹烘烤与普通挂竿相比烤后烟叶外观质量高,上中等烟比例高,每千克干烟用工费和烘烤成本较低,均价提高.经过对比研究,笼式烟夹效果较好,方便快捷,可在生产上推广. 相似文献
7.
烟叶烘烤前期失水对烟叶变黄的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了改进烘烤工艺,提高烟叶烘烤效率和烤后烟叶质量,研究了在烘烤前期先让烟叶强制失水,造成水分胁迫环境对烟叶变黄速度的影响。结果表明,在烘烤前期先让烟叶强制失水能够加快烟叶变黄速度,缩短变黄时间,同时减少干物质的消耗,有利于提高烟叶质量和提高烤房利用效率。上部烟烘烤前期的最佳失水率为2.7%,中部烟为4.7%,下部烟为6%。 相似文献
8.
9.
《作物研究》2015,(Z2)
为探索现代烟草农业减工降本措施,采用梳式烟夹、装烟箱、散叶堆积、散叶小捆和常规烟竿5种装烟方式,对其装烟效率、烘烤成本及烤后烟叶经济性状进行了研究。结果表明,与常规烟竿相比,4种装烟方式劳动用工减少73.26%~82.44%,装烟量增加35.13%~50.63%,梳式烟夹、装烟箱和散叶小捆烘烤耗能成本低于常规烟竿,而散叶堆积烘烤能耗成本高于常规烟竿。4种装烟方式新增烤房设施增加投入回收时间为1.05~3.44年。在烤后烟叶经济性状方面,梳式烟夹装烟与常规烟竿基本相当,装烟箱、散叶堆积和散叶小捆略低。综合烤后烟叶的经济性状和能耗成本,以梳式烟夹装烟的效益最好。 相似文献
10.
11.
Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
12.
通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
16.
以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果 相似文献
17.
18.
Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
19.
为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献
20.
R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献