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为明确广西贺州市栀子根结线虫病病原种类,采集根部有明显根结的栀子根系进行根结线虫分离鉴定,通过观察根结线虫2龄幼虫、雌成虫、会阴花纹特征对其进行形态学鉴定,并利用核糖体ITS区和28S rDNA D2D3区序列比对和系统发育树分析方法对其进行分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,该病原线虫2龄幼虫和雌成虫形态特征及形态测量值与象耳豆根结线虫（Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback, 1983）相似;该病原线虫核糖体ITS区与NCBI数据库中象耳豆根结线虫相应序列的相似度为100%,28S rDNA D2D3区与NCBI数据库中象耳豆根结线虫相应序列的相似度为99%以上;该病原线虫核糖体ITS序列以99%的支持率与象耳豆根结线虫聚为同一分支。综合形态学和分子生物学鉴定结果将广西贺州市栀子根结线虫病病原种类鉴定为象耳豆根结线虫,栀子（Gardenia jasminoides Eills）是该线虫的新寄主纪录。 相似文献
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利用EST结合RACE方法从象耳豆根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)中克隆一个新的果胶酸裂解酶基因Me-pel2(Gen Bank登录号KP987180)。Me-pel2 c DNA开放阅读框全长834 bp,推导编码277个氨基酸残基的蛋白,属于多糖裂解酶第III家族新成员。Me-PEL2与南方根结线虫果胶酸裂解酶Mi-PEL3氨基酸具有较高的一致性,为54%。发育表达结果显示,Me-pel2在2龄幼虫和雄虫期高丰度表达,而在固着期寄生阶段转录水平急剧下降,推测Me-pel2主要在象耳豆根结线虫迁移性阶段起重要作用,通过降解寄主细胞壁果胶质成分,协助幼虫侵入寄主以及在寄主体内迁移。 相似文献
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本研究鉴定出在中国大豆上又一类重要病原线虫——根结线虫。黄淮海豆区为其主要发生危害地带,并且,其主要病原种和小种为南方根结线虫寄主小种1号和花生根结线虫寄主小种2号。经用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜形态学观察,测量及鉴别寄主试验鉴定,结果表明其区系分布大体为:在开封为南方根结线虫[Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White,1919) Chitwood,1949]寄主小种1号和花生根结线虫[M.arenaria (Neal,1889) Chitwood,1949]寄主小种2号;在宁陵为花生根结线虫寄主小种2号;在崂山为南方根结线虫寄主小种1号,在栖霞为北方根结线虫(M.hapla Chitwood,1949),其中南方根结线虫的开封群体和崂山群体雌虫会阴花纹和排孔位置略有不同,但仍属于其种内群体及个体之间的差异。 相似文献
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促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)是线虫体内信号转导的重要组分,在生长发育过程中具有重要作用。本研究从象耳豆根结线虫中克隆了1个促分裂原活化蛋白激酶基因Me-mapk1c DNA序列,该序列全长1 369 bp,包含1个1 185 bp的完整开放阅读框,推导编码394个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为45.39 ku。同源性搜索比对结果发现,该基因编码的蛋白序列与南方根结线虫MI-MAPK1具有99%的一致性。通过构建原核表达载体p ET-32a-MAPK,在IPTG的诱导下得到70 ku左右的特异融合蛋白(包括大小约26 ku的标签序列)。利用RNAi技术对象耳豆根结线虫二龄幼虫Me-mapk1基因进行沉默,线虫诱导番茄根结形成的数量显著减少,推测Me-mapk1基因的下调表达有可能影响象耳豆根结线虫二龄幼虫(J2)的生长发育。 相似文献
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通过室内接种方法测定土壤中接种象耳豆根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)二龄幼虫不同初始密度(0、0.125、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8和16条/cm3)对黄瓜生长的影响。研究结果表明,黄瓜受损程度与象耳豆根结线虫初始接种密度呈正相关,随着接种密度的增加,形成的根结指数不断提高,而黄瓜植株高度和苗鲜重相比对照均表现为下降,即发病程度逐渐加重。当土壤中象耳豆根结线虫二龄幼虫的初始接种密度为0.25条/cm3,即可对黄瓜的株高和植株鲜重产生显著危害,初始密度为8条/cm3处理,则可导致黄瓜植株死亡。该研究结果可为制定象耳豆根结线虫的防治指标提供理论依据。 相似文献
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红麻根结线虫病(meloidogyne spp)是红麻上的一种主要病害,在我国发生已久,为害普遍。国内外的文献中曾见过一些病原线虫种的报道,但这些报道中很少有涉及寄主和红麻根结线虫相互作用的内容。我们于1983～1986年对我国红麻上的根结线虫小种进行了初步研究,现将结果报道如下。 相似文献
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在福建省发现豆科新品种多年生藤本豆（Lablab sp.）发生严重的根结线虫病,根部可产生巨大根结,根结内组织内可埋生数以百计的雌虫,卵囊产于根结内。通过形态特征及rDNA-ITS区序列扩增比对,藤本豆根结线虫鉴定为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）。多年生藤本豆受根结线虫为害为首次记述, 也是南方根结线虫新寄主。接种实验结果表明,2龄幼虫主要侵染藤本豆根尖,也可侵染根其他部位,雌虫与卵囊埋生于根结内,卵可直接孵化并在根内直接侵染发育,根结大小发展快,根结坚硬,表面组织不易腐解,雄虫只能在后期根结腐败组织处发现。在环境温度（24~36 ℃）,生活史最短为24 d。田间重要杂草空心莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）根结线虫病发生普遍,形态特征鉴定为南方根结线虫,田间调查及交叉接种实验表明其可能为田间藤本豆根结线虫病的主要侵染来源。 相似文献
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红麻根结线虫病(Meloidogyne sPP)是红麻上的一种主要病害，在我国发生已久，为害普遍。国内外的文献中曾见过一些病原线虫种的报道，但这些报道中很少有涉及寄主和红麻根结线虫相互作用的内容。我们于1983-1986年对我国红麻上的根结线虫小种进行了初步研究，现将结果报道如下。 相似文献
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象耳豆根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang and Eisenback)是海南岛独有的一种致病力很强的根结线虫。少孢节丛孢(Arthrobotrys oligospora Fresenius)HNQ11菌株是从海南岛香蕉(Musa sapientum Linn.)根围土壤分离到的1株捕食线虫真菌,本实验研究了其对象耳豆根结线虫的控制作用。结果表明,离体条件下HNQ11菌株能迅速产生捕食网和捕食环等捕食器官来捕食象耳豆根结线虫J2。其捕食率在J2加入HNQ11培养平板96h后即达83.5%;在盆钵控病实验中,每株番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)幼苗用2g菌丝处理根部,根结形成比对照减少50%,根系鲜重增加147.3%。同时,在菌丝处理33d后还能在显微镜下观察到根片段上附着的HNQ11菌丝和分生孢子,重新分离菌丝和分生孢子还能在培养基上生长,说明HNQ11菌株在番茄根部具有定植能力。 相似文献
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Miscanthus × giganteus, a perennial rhizomatous grass commercially used as a biofuel crop was grown in a field experiment on a silty clay loam soil for 14 years. There were 3 rates of fertilizer nitrogen (N), none (control), 60 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 120 kg N ha−1 yr−1 as cumulative applications. The crop was harvested in winter and dry matter yield measured. N did not influence yield. Yield, which increased for the first 6 years, decreased in years 7 and 8, but then increased again and was highest in the 10th year averaging 17.7 t ha−1 across all treatments. Differences in total production over the14 years were only 5% between the highest and lowest yielding treatments and averaged 178.9 t ha−1 equivalent to 12.8 t ha−1 yr−1. In the first 10 harvests, 92% of dry matter was stem. Although the study showed N fertilizer was not required, it is considered that an application of 7 kg P ha−1 yr−1 and 100 kg K ha−1 yr−1 would avoid soil reserve depletion. Pesticides were not required every year and the crop can be considered as low input with a high level of sustainability for at least 14 years. 相似文献
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Gymnema sylvestre is an important medicinal plant which bears bioactive compound namely gymnemic acids. The present work deals with optimization of cell suspension culture system of G. sylvestre for the production of biomass and gymnemic acid and we investigated effects of macro elements (NH4NO3, KNO3, CaCl2, MgSO4 and KH2PO4 - 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0× strength) and nitrogen source [NH4+/NO3− ratio of: 0.00/18.80, 7.19/18.80, 14.38/18.80, 21.57/18.80, 28.75/18.80, 14.38/0.00, 14.38/9.40, 14.38/18.80, 14.38/28.20 and 14.38/37.60 (mM)] of Murashige and Skoog medium on accumulation of biomass and gymnemic acid content. The highest accumulation of biomass (165.00 g l−1 FW and 15.42 g l−1 DW) was recorded in the medium with 0.5× concentration of NH4NO3 and the highest production of gymnemic acid content was recorded in the medium with 2.0× KH2PO4 (11.32 mg g−1 DW). The NH4+/NO3− ratio also influenced cell growth and gymnemic acid production; both parameters were greater when the NO3− concentration was higher than that of NH4+. Maximum biomass growth (159.72 g l−1 of FW and 14.95 g l−1 of DW) was achieved at an NH4+/NO3− ratio of 7.19/18.80, and gymnemic acid production was also greatest at the same concentration of NH4+/NO3− ratio (11.35 mg g−1 DW). 相似文献
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Caio Fábio Stoffel Efrom Luiza Rodrigues RedaelliRafael Narciso Meirelles Cláudia Bernardes Ourique 《Crop Protection》2011,30(9):1162-1167
The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.), is one of the principal pests of fruit crops in Brazil. While organic farms use several compounds to control fruit flies, such as oils, plant extracts and soaps, there is little scientific evidence of their effectiveness. Our main goal was to evaluate the phytosanitary products used in organic orchards on A. fraterculus under laboratory conditions. Four multiples (0.25×, 0.5×, 1× and 2×) of the manufacturer-recommended concentrations of Rotenat CE® (extract of Derris spp. with rotenone 5%) (600 ml 100 l−1), Pironat® (pyroligneous extract) (250 ml 100 l−1), Biopirol 7M® (pyroligneous extract) (200 ml 100 l−1), Organic neem® (neem oil 80%) (500 ml 100 l−1), Natuneem® (neem oil - 1500 ppm of azadirachtin) (500 ml 100 l−1) and lime sulfur (20% S + 9% Ca) (5000 ml 100 l−1) were tested on A. fraterculus via ingestion and direct contact, topical application and residual application. We subsequently tested deterrence effects of the same products on oviposition. Organic Neem®, Natuneem®, lime sulfur, Pironat®, and Biopirol 7M® showed no insecticidal effect on the South American fruit fly. Only Rotenat CE® (1200 ml 100 l−1) showed an effect (71.6% mortality) following ingestion/contact. Lime sulfur, Pironat® and Biopirol 7M® did not prevent oviposition of A. fraterculus on artificial fruits. 相似文献
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Carbendazim, iprodione, prochloraz-Mn, thiabendazole and thiophanate-methyl were tested in vitro and in vivo for their effect on Mycogone perniciosa, the mycoparasite that causes wet bubble disease of white button mushroom. In vitro experiments showed that prochloraz-Mn (ED50 = 0.006–0.064 μg ml−1) and carbendazim (ED50 = 0.031–0.097 μg ml−1) were the most effective fungicides for inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. perniciosa, while iprodione (ED50 = 1.90–3.80 μg ml−1) was the least effective. The resistance factors calculated for the five fungicides were between 1.4 and 2. The results obtained suggest that there is very little risk that M. perniciosa will develop resistance to the fungicides assayed. The in vivo efficacy of fungicides for control of wet bubble was studied in two mushroom cropping experiments, which were artificially infected with two doses of M. perniciosa, 106 and 107 spores m−2, respectively. There was, in the low dose inoculum experiment, a very high degree of effectiveness (96.5–100.0%) with all the fungicides assayed. However, iprodione performed poorly (20.5–24.4%) compared with the other fungicides (88.7–100.0%) in the high concentration inoculum experiment. The most effective treatments for controlling wet bubble did not improve the biological efficiency of Agaricus bisporus. 相似文献
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A simple and rapid method for the determination of naturally occurring, potentially hazardous glycoalkaloids (GAs) in potatoes
and their products has been developed. The procedure is based on the on-line solid-phase extraction of the acetic acid extracts
from potato products and combined with liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) in a fully automated system (Symbiosis™,
Spark Holland Instruments, Emmen, The Netherlands). As sorbent material HySphere™ 18HD was used for alkaloid enrichment. GAs
were eluted with the LC gradient and directly analysed by MS. Detection of the analytes was achieved in the sensitive multiple
reaction monitoring mode using two characteristic ions (m/z 98 as a qualifier for GAs and m/z 868.3 as a quantifier for α-solanine or m/z 852.4 for α-chaconine). Typical validation data for method precision (v
k α-solanine = 5.3–6.5, v
k α-chaconine = 3.4–15.4), accuracy (average recovery of α-solanine = 84%, average recovery of α-chaconine = 87%) and linearity
over the range from 1 to 1,000 ng ml−1 (R
2 = 0.9915 for α-solanine, R
2 = 0.9939 for α-chaconine) with detection limits of 0.3 ng ml−1 for α-chaconine and 0.5 ng ml−1 for α-solanine were obtained. GA contents of commercial potato products were determined by the new on-line method and afterwards
compared with those obtained with an established high-performance LC routine procedure. Better performance of the on-line
procedure was obvious from the standard deviations of both methods. Other advantages included a strong reduction of overall
analysis time, human intervention and solvent consumption as well as waste production. The time required for the on-line analysis
was 5 min, which would allow processing of almost 100 samples in 8 h. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):24-30
AbstractTo evaluate the effect of inclination angle of the leaf on the leaf injury of rice by O3, we examined the effect of a 5-hr exposure to 0, 0.1, 0.3 cm3 m-3 O3, abbreviated as O0, O0.1 and O0.3, respectively, of the flag leaf using natural-light gas-exposure chambers. The middle portion of the flag leaf was set horizontally using lead weights (H plant) and it was compared with a non-treated, erect leaf (E plant). Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured immediately before, immediately after, and 1 and 3 d after the start of the exposure. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and operating quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fq’/Fm’) were decreased by the exposure to O3. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of O0.1 and O0.3 on the H plants were severer than those on the E plants. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in the leaf of H plants decreased immediately after exposure to O3. These results indicate that the weaker inhibitory effect of O3 on the erect leaf depends on the lower light intensity at the leaf surface, rather than the horizontal leaf position.Key words: Ascorbic acid, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Gas exchange, Leaf inclination angle, Oryza sativa, O3, Quantum efficiency. 相似文献