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1.
土壤铜含量对水稻根系的影响及其与产量的关系   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
 在盆栽土培条件下，以武香粳14为供试品种，研究了土壤铜含量对水稻根系生长和根系活性的影响及其与产量的关系。结果表明：1) 土壤铜处理对水稻根系的生长具有明显的抑制作用，土壤铜含量越高，对根系生长的抑制作用越大，粉砂土、壤土条件下表现一致；2) 较低的土壤铜含量对水稻分蘖期单位干质量根系的α 萘胺(α NA)氧化力、基于单位鲜质量的根系玉米素(Z) + 玉米素核苷(ZR)的含量影响不大，较高的土壤铜含量则使基于单位质量的根系活性显著低于对照；3) 随着土壤铜含量的提高，拔节前生长的根系比例减少、拔节后生长的根系比例增加、抽穗期基于单位根干质量的根系α NA氧化力显著提高；4) 土壤铜处理对水稻单株根系活性有极显著影响，土壤铜含量越高，分蘖期和抽穗期的单株根系α NA氧化力越小；5) 土壤铜处理使水稻产量显著低于对照，且随着土壤铜含量的提高产量的下降幅度显著增大，粉砂土、壤土条件下表现一致；6) 抽穗期的单株根干质量、单株根系α NA氧化力与水稻产量均呈极显著的线性正相关，相关系数分别为095**和097**。  相似文献   

2.
以Y两优1号为材料，在湖南省浏阳市永安镇坪头村开展大田试验，研究不同施氮量(N0,0 kg/hm2;N150,150 kg/hm2;N225,225 kg/hm2)下施用冬闲杂草(折合干物质量W0,0 kg/hm2;W1,5 000 kg/hm2)对免耕水稻产量及生长生理特性的影响。结果表明，N0和N150水平下，与未施用冬闲杂草处理(W0)相比，施用冬闲杂草(W1)分别提高水稻产量28.8%和4.2%，增产的原因是有效穗数、每穗粒数、总颖花量和千粒重提高；N225水平下，W1处理降低水稻产量5.9%。N0和N150水平下，与W0处理相比，W1处理大幅度提高免耕水稻后期叶面积指数、干物质积累量、辐射利用率、净光合速率和SPAD值的同时，还提升了水稻叶茎鞘转运能力和收获指数；N225水平下，W1处理显著增加水稻的无效分蘖，降低成穗率，同时叶茎鞘转运能力降低，最终降低了水稻的每穗粒数、总颖花量和结实率。综上，在低氮(0～150 kg/hm2)水平下，施用冬闲杂...  相似文献   

3.
试验结果表明，限制产量进一步提高的主要因素是成粒率和每穗成粒数。每亩穗数与产量及每穗颖花数呈极显著及相关。低温年抽穗期与千粒重呈极显著的二次曲线，且存在最适抽穗期；高温年抽穗期与产量、每穗颖花数及每穗成粒数分别呈极显著正相关。穗粒结合型品种有利于高产。  相似文献   

4.
在大田试验条件下，以宜香优2115为试验材料，设地力(高、较高、中、低)和施氮量(0、75、150和225kg/hm2)两因素处理，探明不同地力条件下施氮量对杂交籼稻干物质积累、转运和产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明，随着施氮量增加，穗前和成熟期干物质积累量有增加趋势；抽穗期至成熟期，随着施氮量的增加，茎叶干物质转运量和茎叶干物质转运对穗部贡献率均呈先增加后降低的趋势；随着施氮量的增加，氮肥吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力，以及千粒重和结实率逐渐降低，每穗粒数和产量先增加后降低，而有效穗数逐渐升高。随着地力条件的降低，穗前、成熟期和穗后干物质积累量、茎叶干物质转运量和茎叶干物质对穗部的贡献率及穗部干物质增加量均呈逐渐下降趋势，氮肥吸收利用率和生理利用率亦有降低趋势，而偏生产力呈先增后降的趋势。水稻有效穗数和产量均随土壤地力的提高而增加，而每穗粒数表现为下降。回归分析表明，在高、较高、中、低地力条件下，水稻可获得的最高产量分别为10 829.94、10 107.20、9 757.30和9 112.37 kg/hm2，其对应的适宜施氮量分别为14...  相似文献   

5.
水稻高产群体产量与产量构成因素的关系   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  
试验结果表明，限制产量进一步提高的主要因素是成粒率和每穗成粒数。每亩穗数与产量及每穗颖花数呈极显著负相关。低温年抽穗期与千粒重呈极显著的二次曲线，且存在最适抽穗期；高温年抽穗期与产量、每穗颖花数及每穗成粒数分别呈极显著正相关。穗粒结合型品种有利于高产。  相似文献   

6.
针对黔东南州稻田生态类型复杂的特点，进行了杂交中稻高产技术的研究。在正确选用和合理布局当家组合后，高产途径应立足穗数、力攻穗重、实现穗粒兼顾。高产栽培按叶龄模式在Ｎ—ｎ叶（Ｎ指主茎总叶数，ｎ指伸长节间数）以前实现适期够苗，Ｎ－ｎ叶以后在颖花分化、结实率、干物质积累上下功夫。  相似文献   

7.
以常规粳稻品种云粳41为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,研究不同密度下水稻一次性施用控释肥和分次施用尿素对直播稻产量及其构成因素、群体光合物质生产的影响,并探讨了不同施肥方式对不同密度下直播稻的产量性状和产量之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)不同施肥方式下,密度相同时,分次施肥的处理比控释肥一次性基施的处理和不施肥对照增产,产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,分次施肥处理的产量显著高于控释肥一次性基施的处理;在相同氮肥条件下,直播稻产量随着直播密度的增加而降低,以基本苗2万/667 m~2的处理产量最高,6万/667 m~2的处理产量居中,10万/667 m~2的处理产量最低。(2)在施用控释肥的处理中,密度相同时,增加施氮量能够显著提高直播稻的有效穗数和每穗颖花数;施氮量相同时,单位面积有效穗数随密度的增加而提高,每穗颖花数刚好相反。单位面积颖花量和实际产量之间呈极显著正相关关系。在形成适宜穗数的基础上提高每穗颖花量,从而增加单位面积的颖花量是提高直播稻产量的主要途径。(3)当密度相同时,抽穗至成熟期总干物质积累量、群体生长率、群体叶面积和总颖花数都随着施氮量的增加而提高。本试验中,以精确定量栽培技术为核心的分次施肥A1RPQ4处理的群体结构优于其他处理,群体茎蘖消长动态最为平稳,抽穗期至成熟期的总干物质积累量、颖花/叶比和粒质量/叶比最大,产量最高,达到875.14 kg/667 m~2。  相似文献   

8.
采用裂区设计,研究了氮肥用量和插植密度对杂交粳稻辽优5206生长和产量性状的影响,为北方粳稻高产高效栽培提供依据。结果表明,随着施氮量增加,水稻分蘖数、抽穗期干物质量、拔节期SPAD值、株高和穗长显著增加,有效穗数、穗粒数和产量虽增加但不显著;随着栽插密度的增加,水稻分蘖数、干物质量、有效穗数明显增加,灌浆期SPAD值、株高、穗长、穗粒数显著降低,抽穗期SPAD值、结实率和产量则先增后降;氮肥用量和密度在产量等多数性状上互作效应不显著;取得高产的最佳肥密组合是240 kg/hm2和16.7万丛/hm2。  相似文献   

9.
试验研究播期对麦茬机插稻武运粳27号产量的影响,探讨不同播期条件下机插稻产量形成特征、干物质积累特性。结果表明,随播期推迟,机插稻武运粳27号实收产量显著下降,糙米产量、精米产量、整精米产量及精米蛋白质产量呈下降趋势。早播处理的穗数、每穗颖花数、结实率均显著高于晚播处理,千粒重差异不显著。受播期推迟的影响,抽穗期、成熟期干物质积累量与拔节-抽穗期、抽穗-成熟期干物质积累量及比例呈明显下降趋势,拔节期前干物质积累量及比例则升高。收获指数随播期推迟而下降。因此,稻麦两熟地区,机插稻武运粳27号早播可实现高产量,为稳定实现9.0 t/hm2以上的产量,最晚应在6月10日之前播种,并配套科学高产栽培措施。  相似文献   

10.
镉对水稻产量和品质的影响   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  
采用土培盆栽方法,以3个水稻品种为材料,研究土壤Cd处理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,当土壤Cd浓度为60或90mg/kg时,扬稻6号和扬粳9538的产量与对照(土壤未加Cd处理)无显著差异。这2个品种在Cd浓度为120或180mg/kg下以及武运粳7号在Cd浓度60或120mg/kg下的产量均较对照显著降低。在Cd胁迫下产量降低的原因主要在于穗数或每穗颖花数的减少,Cd对结实率和千粒重无显著影响。Cd对稻米加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮品质以及蛋白质含量无显著影响。随土壤Cd浓度的增加,稻米醇溶蛋白含量增加,清蛋白和球蛋白含量则降低。当土壤Cd浓度为60和90mg/kg时,稻米淀粉谱的最高粘度、热浆粘度、最终粘度、崩解值和消减值与对照无显著差异;当土壤Cd浓度为120和180mg/kg时,稻米淀粉谱的最高粘度和崩解值显著降低,热浆粘度、最终粘度和消减值显著增加。在相同土壤Cd浓度下,同一器官的Cd浓度在品种间无显著差异,但扬稻6号Cd累积量高于扬粳9538。表明Cd对水稻产量的影响以及Cd在稻株的累积量在品种间存在差异,高浓度Cd可降低稻米的营养品质和食味性。  相似文献   

11.
Pot experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to investigate the effects of soil copper（Cu） concentration on growth, development and yield formation of rice by using the japonica cultivar Wuxiangjing 14 and hybrid rice combination Shanyou 63. The plant height, leaf number, elongated internode number and heading date of rice plants were not affected at soil Cu levels below 200 mg/kg, but affected significantly at above 400 mg/kg. The inhibitory effects on rice growth and development were increased with the increment of soil Cu levels. The grain yields decreased significantly with raising soil Cu levels. The main reasons for the grain yield reductions under lower soil Cu levels （100, 200 mg/kg） were mainly due to the decrease of number of spikelets per panicle, however, under higher soil Cu levels （more than 400 mg/kg）, both panicle number and number of spikelets per panicle contributed to the yield loss. The decreases of panicle number by Cu stress were mainly attributed to slow recovery from transplanting, delayed tillering and reduced maximum tiller numbers. The reduction of number of spikelets per panicle under soil Cu stress resulted from the decreases of both shoot dry weight （SDW） at the heading date and the ratio of spikelets to SDW. Total biomass at maturity decreased significantly with the increase of soil Cu levels, while economic coefficient showed non-significant decrease except under soil Cu levels above 800 mg/kg.  相似文献   

12.
基于高产示范方的机插水稻群体特征研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  
 考查了机插常规粳稻超高产群体产量构成、干物质积累以及氮素积累等群体特征。2008年对江苏武进区邹区（品种为武香粳9号）、漕桥和前黄镇（品种均为武运粳7号）等3个百亩连片超高产示范方,2009年对江苏省如东县(品种为宁粳3号)的百亩连片超高产示范方进行了调查。结果表明,机插稻产量与颖花量的相关达极显著,要达到10.5 t/hm2以上的产量,每1m2颖花量需≥ 45 000;籽粒产量10.5 t/hm2以上高产机插水稻的花后干物质积累占籽粒产量的70%～80%;高产机插稻氮素积累的优势在有效分蘖临界叶龄期前和抽穗后两个阶段。足够的颖花量是机插粳稻高产群体的基本特征;保证后期氮素供应、发挥后期干物质积累优势、促进大穗的形成是提高机插水稻产量的主要技术途径。  相似文献   

13.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):198-202
Summary

A rice husk restricts the grain development physically. We examined the correlation of the total husk volume on a panicle, a parameter of yield capacity, with the nitrogen concentration (per dry weight) and the dry weight of the above-ground part of the plant, using single-stem-trained japonica rice (cv. Nipponbare) plants. The growth of rice plants was regulated by shading at two levels and nitrogen application at three levels from about 40 days before the heading (about 10 days before the panicle initiation). The number of spikelets per dry weight of the above-ground part of the plant at the end of the spikelet differentiation stage was linearly correlated with the nitrogen concentration at that time. The ratio of the spikelet dry weight at heading to the dry weight of the above-ground part of the plant at the end of the spikelet differentiation stage increased as the nitrogen concentration increased at a low nitrogen concentration, but the increase of the ratio slowed down at a nitrogen concentration of 2%. Decrease in dry weight of the spikelet resulted in a decrease of lemma size. Therefore, the ratio of the total husk volume on a panicle to the plant dry weight at the end of spikelet differentiation stage also increased as the nitrogen concentration increased at a low nitrogen concentration, but the increase stopped at a nitrogen concentration of 2% in contrast to the ratio of the spikelet number to the dry weight of the plant. These results suggest that, to increase the total husk volume on a panicle by nitrogen application, dry-matter production must be increased by the nitrogen application.  相似文献   

14.
为探明秸秆还田条件下机插稻适宜施氮量,阐明机插稻产量和高质量群体形成对氮肥响应的特点,在大田秸秆全量还田条件下,以优质食味水稻南粳9108为材料,设置0、135.0、202.5、270.0、337.5、405.0 kg/hm2等6种施氮水平,研究氮肥用量对机插稻产量及其构成和群体质量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量增加,机插稻产量先增加后减少,以施氮量为270 kg/hm2产量最高。产量提高的主要原因是较高的群体颖花量,在施氮量为270 kg/hm2 条件下,机插稻群体颖花量达最大值。机插稻单位面积穗数随着施氮量增加而增加,每穗粒数先增后减,而结实率和千粒重表现为递减趋势。随着氮肥用量增加,机插稻分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的茎蘖数、叶面积指数、光合势和干物质积累量均呈递增趋势,而抽穗后干物质积累量、成穗率、有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率和粒叶比呈先增后降的趋势。因此,秸秆还田后适当增加施氮量利于提高机插稻产量,优化群体质量。  相似文献   

15.
对7个早籼稻品种（系）的产量及其构成因素和干物质积累量进行了相关分析。结果表明,杂交稻产量高于常规稻,平均较常规稻高10.0%。相关分析表明,产量与总颖花数和有效穗数分别呈极显著正相关和显著正相关,与每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重呈负相关,但均不显著。通径分析表明,总颖花数、结实率和千粒重对产量的直接作用均为正效应,其中,总颖花数贡献最大,结实率次之,千粒重作用最小。随生育期的推进,干物质积累量品种间差异逐渐减小,完熟期干物质积累量以陵两优106表现最高,金早47表现最低。干物质总积累量和干物质平均日积累量与总颖花数和产量分别呈极显著正相关和显著正相关,与结实率呈极显著负相关;抽穗前干物质积累量与产量相关度高于抽穗后干物质积累量。综上所述,台州地区早稻生产宜选用两系杂交早籼稻品种在生产上推广。生产中注重提高单位面积穗粒数,促进干物质积累量,更有利于早稻获得高产。  相似文献   

16.
Sink strength plays an important role in grain filling of cereals but how it is related to the pre-anthesis non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves is not clear. This study investigated if and how an increase in NSC reserves could enhance sink strength, and consequently improve grain filling of later-flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier flowering superior spikelets) for rice varieties with large panicles. Two “super” rice varieties (the recently bred high-yielding rice) and two New Plant Type (NPT, named in IRRI for the extra-large panicle) rice lines were compared with two elite inbred varieties under field-grown conditions. Three nitrogen (N) treatments, applied at the stages of panicle initiation, spikelet differentiation or both, were adopted with no N application during the mid-season as control. Both super rice and NPT rice showed a greater yield capacity as a result of a larger panicle than the elite inbred rice. However, a lower percentage of filled grains limited the realization of higher yield potential in super rice and especially in NPT rice, due to their lower grain filling rate and the smaller grain weight of their inferior spikelets. The low grain filling rate and small grain weight of inferior spikelets are mainly attributed to a poor sink strength as a result of small sink size (small number of endosperm cells) and low sink activity, e.g. low activities of sucrose synthase (SuSase) and adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase). The amounts of NSC in the stem and NSC per spikelet at the heading time are significantly and positively correlated with sink strength (number of endosperm cells and activities of SuSase and AGPase), grain filling rate, and grain weight of inferior spikelets. Nitrogen application at the spikelet differentiation stage significantly increased, whereas N application at the panicle initiation or at both panicle initiation and spikelet differentiation stages, significantly reduced, NSC per spikelet at the heading time, sink strength, grain filling rate, and grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice. The results suggest that pre-anthesis NSC reserves in the stem are closely associated with the sink strength during grain filling of rice, and N application at the spikelet differentiation stage would be a good practice to increase pre-anthesis NSC reserves, and consequently to enhance sink strength for rice varieties with large panicles, such as super rice varieties.  相似文献   

17.
杂交水稻不同器官重金属铅浓度与累积量   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
以生长于盆钵中的两系杂交稻和三系杂交稻共6个组合为试验材料,设置土壤铅(Pb)浓度为500mg/kg和不加Pb土壤(对照)两个处理,测定水稻植株不同器官Pb的浓度和累积量。结果表明,Pb处理降低了两优培九、103S/郑粳2号、丰优香占和汕优63的产量,主要是每穗粒数减少,对其余组合的产量无显著影响;不同基因型水稻植株对Pb吸收与积累存在差异,以103S/郑粳2号和两优培九累积量最多,K优818累积量最少;水稻植株不同器官Pb的浓度和累积量的大小顺序为根>茎鞘>叶片。籽粒不同部位Pb的浓度大小顺序为糠层>颖壳>精米,精米中Pb累积量仅为谷粒的25%左右,精米中Pb的浓度以103S/郑粳2号最高,K优818最低;在抽穗期和成熟期,同一器官Pb浓度与累积量呈显著或极显著正相关,但不同器官之间的相关不显著。对不同杂交稻组合植株中Pb浓度和累积量差异的原因进行了讨论。  相似文献   

18.
To study whether integrative fertilization [growing milk vetch in winter and reducing the dose of chemical nitrogen(N) fertilizer] can improve rice yield, and to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms for integrative fertilization, a three-year field trial including two treatments, milk vetch-rice-rice(MRR) and winter fallow-rice-rice(FRR), was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012.Our results demonstrated that the MRR treatment could significantly improve rice yield compared with the FRR treatment, especially when the application ratio of milk vetch and chemical fertilizer was 1:2.MRR treatment increased the effective panicle number and the spikelet number per panicle.In addition, a higher tillering number, leaf area index, photosynthetic-potential and photosynthetic-potential to grain ratio were observed in MRR treatment, which could provide enough dry matter for yield formation.Moreover, in MRR treatment, we discovered a higher transportation ratio and transformation ratio of dry matter in culm and leaves, and a stronger total sink capacity and spikelet-root bleeding intensity at the heading stage and 15 d after heading.Furthermore, the MRR treatment showed higher total N, phosphorus and potassium uptakes than FRR treatment, which was associated with the higher root dry weight in each soil layers.These results suggest that growing milk vetch in winter can improve rice yield under less chemical N fertilizer application, which is due to the improvement of soil nutrient status and the increased of rice root growth and development.  相似文献   

19.
【目的】研究秸秆还田与水氮配施的理论与技术,探讨对水稻群体质量和产量形成的影响。【方法】选用宜香优2115为试验材料,三因素裂裂区设计,主区为油菜秸秆堆腐还田和直接还田两种秸秆还田方式,裂区为淹水灌溉和控制性交替灌溉两种水分管理方式,裂裂区为4种施氮量,分析对水稻群体质量及产量的影响,并探讨秸秆还田与水氮管理模式下群体质量和产量形成的关系。【结果】秸秆还田与水氮管理对主要生育时期水稻干物质积累量、叶面积指数(LAI)及产量均存在显著或极显著的调控效应,互作效应显著;且群体质量指标与产量呈显著或极显著正相关。秸秆堆腐还田对水稻群体质量指标的调控显著高于秸秆直接还田,齐穗期高效叶面积指数提高了4.71%～6.50%,群体干物质显著增加了9.22%～13.30%;并对水稻产量及其构成因素影响显著,有效穗数及每穗粒数分别提高了5.9%～9.8%和1.5%～5.2%,从而使产量提高了9.5%～13.4%。控制性交替灌溉相对于淹灌能保证足够的穗数,提高干物质积累量,减缓拔节至齐穗期叶面积衰减,加快结实期群体生长率,利于穗粒数及产量的提高;且随着氮肥用量的增加,分蘖数、干物质积累量、有效叶面积率和高效叶面积率均呈先增后降的趋势。【结论】从三因素间的互作效应来看,秸秆堆腐还田处理下,控制性交替灌溉与施氮量150 kg/hm^2,可有效提高齐穂期高效叶面积指数(4.80～5.32),具有较高的结实期干物质积累量(6.94～7.36t/hm^2),显著提高了有效穗(181.6万～220.9万/hm^2)及每穗粒数(180～200粒),从而显著提高产量达到10328.1～12464.1 kg/hm^2,为本研究节水减氮增效最佳的处理。  相似文献   

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