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1.
稻曲病菌越冬厚垣孢子萌发力及其染力的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
通过3年系统测定试验,稻曲病菌越冬厚垣孢子在室内和水泥池的土中可以存活5-6月。在种植油菜、苕子、蚕豆、小麦的露天水泥池中,越冬的厚垣孢子均有萌发力。在油菜、苕子、小麦3种越冬作物大田土中越冬的厚垣孢子的萌发率以油菜田最高,为2.04‰。越冬后种子上的厚垣孢子数量大,萌发率可达0.4%-2.97%。稻茬中越冬的厚垣孢子和在3cm浅土中的厚垣孢子,其萌发率分别较冬闲田或科作田土中和15cm深土中高。  相似文献   

2.
链霉素对几种卵菌的抑制作用   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7  
用生长速率法测定,链霉素(Streptomycin)对荔枝霜疫霉菌(Peronophythora litchii)和辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici)菌丝生长有强烈的抑制作用。在药剂含量为200-600单位/ml的PDA培养基上接种7d后菌丝生长的相对抑制率分别为87.5%-92.2%、78.2%-82.2%。用孢子萌发法测定,链霉素对荔枝霜疫霉菌和白菜霜霉菌(Peronospora parasitica)孢子囊有推迟萌发时间、降低萌发率的作用。200-600单位/ml链霉素液处理孢子囊24h萌发的相对抑制率分别为48.6%-60.8%、5.3%-10.6%,芽管的长度随药液浓度增加而缩短。200-400单位/ml链霉素防治采后荔枝霜疫病、辣椒疫病,防治效果分别为95.8%-97.1%、89.6%-91.7%。200-400单位/ml链霉素防治盆栽辣椒疫病、小白菜霜霉病,防治效果分别为82.4%-87.7%、61.8%-68.1%。  相似文献   

3.
苹果蠹蛾分布与降雨关系研究初报   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
金瑞华  张遵雄 《植物检疫》1996,10(3):129-136,141
本文初步探讨了降雨对苹果蠹蛾分布的影响。作者在敦煌进行了室内模拟降雨实验,其中对越冬代老熟幼虫和蛹的实验结果为:经浸水<15s、10min、30min、1h、12h和24h的实验,幼虫死亡率为21%-52%,化蛹率为34%-56%;蛹的死亡率为59%-100%,羽化率为0-19%;SSR检验表明,浸水时间愈长,幼虫和蛹的死亡率愈高,而化蛹率和羽化率则愈低。经模拟微雨、小雨、中雨、大雨和暴雨冲淋实验  相似文献   

4.
梅花炭疽病菌生物学特性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
梅炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum mume)在20%梅叶汁培养基上菌丝生长最好,而且产孢速度快,其次为PSA培养基,病菌分生孢子在5种营养液中均可萌发,以梅叶汁中萌发率最高,葡萄糖液次之,清水对照最差。适合菌丝生长的最适温度为25℃,适合分生孢子萌发的最适pH值为5.4,分生孢子在相对湿度88.5%以上才能萌发,以相对温度100%中萌发率率最高,在水滴中萌发率较低,持续光照有利于菌丝生长和  相似文献   

5.
研究了不同光照和温度对外来有害植物土荆芥(Chenopodium ambrosioides L.)种子萌发率的影响及种子在不同贮藏时间和不同贮藏温度下萌发率的变化。结果表明,光照是土荆芥种子萌发的必要条件,全黑暗条件下萌发率仅为9.7%。种子在15~20℃恒温条件下萌发率均达到80%以上,25℃恒温和10℃恒温能显著抑制其萌发。零下低温(-20℃)和零上低温(4℃)贮藏3个月的土荆芥种子萌发率分别为86.3%和84.7%,与贮藏前萌发率(89.3%)相比无显著差异,而在室温和25℃条件下贮藏的种子,萌发率显著下降。  相似文献   

6.
研究结果明确了模拟棉苗受小地老虎为害造成断苗缺株后,周围棉株有不同程度的补偿作用,主要表现在有效铃的增加和产量的提高,缺1株苗成铃能获得101.85%的补偿,籽棉平均补偿率达87.24%,损失率为12.76%。但自连续缺2株以上,则补偿率下降为50.62%-35.75%,损失率上升为49.37%-64.24%。补偿量和损失量(率)是随缺株数的增加而增长,而补偿率则随缺株数增加而下降,在不同缺株数间  相似文献   

7.
溴甲烷熏蒸检疫处理豇豆上的巴西豆象   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
何光超 《植物检疫》1995,9(2):77-78
溴甲烷熏蒸检疫处理白豇豆上的巴西豆象。10-12℃,溴甲烷35g/m^3,熏荪24时;16-18℃,溴甲烷25g/m^3,熏蒸24小时,21-23℃,溴甲烷20g/m^3,熏蒸24小时;可以100%杀死巴西豆象卵,幼虫,蛹和成虫。  相似文献   

8.
陈齐信 《昆虫天敌》1994,16(2):97-99
据初步观察,赣北稻负泥虫肾寄生蜂有5科9种,总寄生率为52.58%。在9种寄生蜂中,绒茧蜂金小蜂、螟蛉绒茧蜂和负泥虫沟姬蜂为优势种,分布广、寄生率高,分别占负泥虫肾寄生率为60.66%、21.62%和9.24%。其它6种共占8.48%。同时寄生蜂寄生率高低,因地点、时间不同而异,喷洒乐果对负泥虫肾寄生蜂无影响。  相似文献   

9.
旱作农田改土截流蓄水种植沟耕作技术研究   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4  
通过在水土流失严重的山坡耕地上,采取人、机结合修建“改土截流蓄水种植沟”耕作法,辅以作物单作套种,覆盖保墒措施,优良品种配制等一系列技术,从而大幅度提高坡地生产力,使有限降水充分高效利用。在严重春早气候年份下,取得了较高的产量,保墒率提高12.5%-14.7%,雨季蓄墒期土壤水分比传统耕作增加24.4 ̄39.4mm,土壤蓄墒率达到45.1% ̄58.7%,比传统耕作法提高29.7% ̄54.7%。作物  相似文献   

10.
G—P复合生物杀虫剂对豆田蚜虫及其天敌的毒效测定   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文报道G-P复合生物杀虫剂大豆田蚜虫及其天然毒效的室内测定和田间试验的结果。G-P400倍液室内试验对大豆田蚜虫24小时时致死死率为77.3-80.5%,48小时达91.3-96.1%。田间试验防效达91.0%,与氧化乐果1000倍液的毒效相。G-P杀虫剂蚜虫天敌呈现低毒性。  相似文献   

11.
辽细辛提取物对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王桂清 《植物保护》2008,34(2):53-57
采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了辽细辛根的不同溶剂(石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、乙醇)粗提取物和精油对引起黄瓜灰霉病的灰葡萄孢菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的作用。结果表明,细辛不同溶剂提取物和精油对灰葡萄孢菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有一定的抑制作用,且对孢子萌发的抑制效果好于对其菌丝生长的抑制效果;石油醚提取物和精油的抑菌效果较好,对菌丝生长的EC50分别为177.44 mg/L和159.98 mg/L,对孢子萌发的EC50分别为173.23 mg/L和125.29 mg/L;试验还显示细辛所含的主要抑菌活性成分易被极性小的有机溶剂所提取。  相似文献   

12.
顶孢霉Ahy1菌株孢子乳悬剂的配方筛选   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用室内生物测定的方法,从7种食用油,5种乳化剂,5种紫外保护剂和3种抗生素中筛选适合于顶孢霉Ahy1分生孢子粉乳悬剂的助剂配方。结果表明,姜油与顶孢霉Ahy1分生孢子粉混合贮130 d,分生孢子的萌发率最高,对孢子的生物活性无明显影响。在乳化剂、紫外保护剂和抗生素的筛选中, 综合与Ahy1分生孢子粉的湿润力和生物相容性,选择吐温〖CD*2〗80与OP〖CD*2〗10的混剂为Ahy1孢子悬浮剂的乳化剂,十二烷基硫酸钠为湿润剂,腐植酸为紫外保护剂,硫酸链霉素为抗生素。以上助剂与顶孢霉孢子粉均有良好的生物相容性。  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study was to test the botanical family of Asteraceae as a source of natural herbicides. Twenty Asteraceae species were collected during flowering time and evaluated in terms of the yield and quality of essential oils (germination inhibition and growth of weeds). Half the species showed a sufficient yield of essential oil (from about 0.1% to 1.43%) when testing these phytochemicals in vitro as germination inhibitors of two typical weeds, Amaranthus retroflexus and Setaria viridis. Despite the higher tolerance of S. viridis, the concentration of 100 μg L?1 of essential oils of the two Artemisia species and Xanthium strumarium could totally inhibit germination. In addition, at 10 μg L ?1, the same essential oils showed full inhibition of A. retroflexus seeds. A comparison of their effectiveness at suboptimal doses led to a further selection of the most promising sources of essential oils. After their chemical characterisation, the essential oils were tested as post‐emergence herbicides on seedlings of the above‐cited weeds. After spraying the weeds at different concentrations (10, 100 and 1000 mg L?1) during two different phenological stages of weed seedlings (cotyledons and the third true leaf), the essential oils of Artemisia annua and X. strumarium showed the best performance. The essential oils of X. strumarium were then tested again on both weeds to monitor the dynamics of plant injury. A reduction in plant fresh weight (about 20%–30% after 10 days) and chlorophyll content (destroyed, after the same amount of time) was found, thus confirming the total and rapid effectiveness of these essential oils. In summary, A. annua and X. strumarium have elicited considerable agronomic interest and appear to be suitable as a source of essential oils to act as natural herbicides.  相似文献   

14.
The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of essential oils as a preventive treatment to control Asian soybean rust. Initially the fungitoxic effect of the essential oils of Hyptis marrubioides, Aloysia gratissima and Cordia verbenacea was tested on the urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, through in vitro tests. The in vivo test was set up in a greenhouse, using cultivar MGBR-46. The treatments consisted of the three oils at different concentrations, a fungicide based on pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole and a control. To verify the potential of the essential oils in preventive treatment, inoculation was conducted at 0, 6, 12 and 24?h intervals, after application of the treatments. All treatments inhibited 100% of Phakopsora pachyrhizi germination. In the in vivo test, it was observed that all of the oils were efficient in controlling soybean rust, by preventive treatment, mainly at the higher concentrations. Efficiency of the oils was reduced with the increase of the interval between the application of the treatments and the onset of the pathogen. The essential oils, at the tested dosages, were not as efficient as the pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole based fungicide.  相似文献   

15.
通过室内模拟小麦秸秆还田, 研究小麦秸秆对农田杂草种子萌发和土壤微生物代谢功能的影响。结果表明, 小麦秸秆对杂草种子的萌发抑制活性随秸秆还田的时间呈动态变化, 0~10 d抑草活性逐渐增强, 10 d后抑草活性逐渐降低。对狗尾草种子的萌发抑制效果最好, 在10 d时对狗尾草种子萌发抑制率高达83%。采用Biolog方法研究土壤微生物代谢功能, 10 d处理土壤微生物结构多样性及代谢活性显著高于其他处理。研究明确了小麦秸秆还田能够抑制杂草种子萌发, 并改变土壤微生物环境。  相似文献   

16.
将蜡蚧轮枝菌Vp菌株在PDA培养基上23℃黑暗培养,分别于第5、15、20、25、30天后采收。将不同时间采收的分生孢子置于2%葡萄糖培养液内培养,16 h后检测其萌发率,结果表明,采收于第5天和第15天的分生孢子萌发率分别达到89.76%和94.98%,显著高于采收于第25天(30.27%)和第30天(6.12%)的孢子的萌发率;在PDA培养基培养5 d和15 d的分生孢子在相同浓度下对温室白粉虱的致病力分别达到83.40%和74.44%,显著高于培养了30 d的分生孢子的致病力(8.76%)。  相似文献   

17.
<正>小麦白粉病是我国小麦生产上的重要病害之一,由专性寄生真菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici引起。此病害是典型的气传病害,病菌分生孢子可借助高空气流远距离传播为害~([1]),高空传播距离与病菌的分生孢子存活时间有直接关系,而温度是  相似文献   

18.
掘氏疫霉卵孢子萌发研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
 掘氏疫霉(Phytophthora drechsleri)种内菌株直接交配产生的卵孢子分别用0.1% KMnO4处理20分钟和0.3% H2O2处理2分钟在S+L培养基上(26℃)培养7天萌发率>70%。H2O2是本研究首次报道的一种刺激掘氏疫霉卵孢子萌发的处理剂,其效果略优于KMnO4。用KMnO4和H2O2处理均可有效地抑制卵孢子悬浮液中菌丝片段及菌丝膨大体的萌发生长。在一定时期内卵孢子萌发率随卵孢子保存时间的增加而增加,保存30天和45天的卵孢子分别用KMnO4和H2O2处理萌发率最高。卵孢子保存期间有无光照对萌发率无显著影响,但卵孢子荫发时给予光照对萌发有明显的促进作用,保存30天的卵孢子在光照下萌发率为60-70%,在黑暗中仅0-16%。卵孢子萌发过程中的光照条件以黑光灯8小时,日光灯16小时交替连续照射7天效果最好,其次为黑光灯单独连续光照,以日光灯单独照射效果较差。所测定的6种培养基中以S+L培养基对卵孢子萌发的效果最好,其次为V8+L和WA+L。蜗牛酶、纤维素酶、土壤浸出液和黄瓜果提取液对掘氏疫霉卵孢子萌发无明显刺激作用。  相似文献   

19.
水稻粒黑穗病侵染的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
 稻粒黑穗病在川东焉蔓延已久的病害。解放前万孙熊家乡长民曾企图用温汤浸梗法以防治此病,结果无效。  相似文献   

20.
Summary. Aqueous extracts of the ground seeds of thirteen weed species were assayed for their ability to inhibit the germination on filler paper of eight crop species. All of the extracts delayed germination of at least some of the crop species. Germination of some crop species was delayed when the crop seeds were surrounded by weed seeds on filter paper, The seeds of Abutilon theophrasti were inhibitory to tomato ( Lycopersicum esculentum ) germinated in sterile and non-sterile soil in the laboratory. The inhibition of germination was apparent under conditions which excluded light, water and minerals as factors in the competition. Chemical studies indicated that the inhibition by Abutilon seeds was due to free amino acids emanating from the seeds.
Inhibition chimique de la germination de plantes cultivées par des semences de mauvaises herbes et nature de l'inhibition par Abutilon theophrasti  相似文献   

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