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腐霉根腐病是大豆主要的土传病害,为揭示抗感病大豆品种的生理差异,对不同抗性品种在腐霉病原菌侵染下的大豆下胚轴中丙二醛、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量的变化进行测定。结果表明:腐霉菌侵染后,抗病大豆品种下胚轴的丙二醛含量增加不十分明显;可溶性糖含量都是正向增加,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,过氧化物酶活性,脯氨酸含量在不同时段都有所增加且抗病品种明显高于感病品种。而感病品种在腐霉菌侵染条件下,大豆下胚轴中丙二醛含量累积较高,可溶性糖在某一时段内有所减少,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、过氧化物酶活性,脯氨酸含量增加幅度小于抗病品种,表明抗病品种具有较强的生理生化调节能力。 相似文献
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选用8个玉米种衣剂和硫酸锌、氯化钾等两种微肥对玉米茎腐病发生危害的影响进行相关研究。选用适宜的玉米种衣剂品种包衣处理玉米种子,可对玉米茎腐病的发生危害起到一定的抑制作用,茎腐病发病率最高可降低52.83%;合理增施锌、钾等适宜微肥可有效改善玉米植株自身对病害的抵抗能力,玉米茎腐病的发病率呈明显下降趋势,最高可降低56.06%;种衣剂与微肥协同处理对玉米茎腐病的抑制作用总体呈现出效果叠加作用,发病率可减轻63.57%。推荐应用4.23%甲霜·种菌唑微乳剂、450 g/L种菌唑悬浮剂、400 g/L萎锈·福美双悬浮剂等对玉米茎腐病发生危害抑制效果较理想的种衣剂品种。 相似文献
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以27个不同基因型水稻品种为材料进行田间试验，研究了低钾、中钾和高钾3种施钾水平下．不同水稻品种的分蘖教、乳熟期的SPAD值。根据这些品种对施钾反应的敏感程度，按快速聚类法对27个不同水稻品种进行了系统分类。结果表明：施钾对水稻上述指标均有较大的影响，但不同基因型水稻品种对施钾反应的敏感程度存在明显的差异。根据27个供试水稻品种对施钾反应的差异最终可将其分为钾素敏感型、施钾反应中间型和钾素钝感型3种类型。 相似文献
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以3种对根腐线虫具有不同抗性的苎麻品种为材料,采用盆栽模拟试验,研究根腐线虫侵染后苎麻产量性状及根系生理指标的变化。结果表明：根腐线虫胁迫下,3个不同抗性苎麻品种根系鲜重均下降,其中华苎4号下降率最低,为23.77%;不同抗性苎麻品种根冠比为抗病品种增加,感病品种下降;抗病品种根系抗氧化酶POD活性、CAT活性高于感病品种,MDA含量则低于感病品种;根腐线虫病胁迫下抗病、感病品种总酚含量、绿原酸含量均增加,木质素含量则表现为抗病品种增加,感病品种降低。在供试材料苎麻根系中共检测到16种氨基酸,根据氨基酸增幅及变化规律,将其分为六类,其中苯丙氨酸与其他氨基酸表现都不同,抗病品种增幅大于感病品种,与抗性呈正相关。接种后,抗病、感病品种根系氨基酸总量都表现为增加,感病品种氨基酸总量为抗病品种的3～4倍。该研究明确根腐线虫胁迫下苎麻产量性状及根系生理指标等变化特点,为揭示苎麻与根腐线虫互作的根系生理机制及抗性指标的筛选提供理论参考。 相似文献
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不同施钾量对玉米钾素吸收利用的影响研究 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
采用田间试验研究了不同施钾量对玉米钾素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:玉米产量随钾肥用量提高呈缓慢上升趋势。当钾肥用量达156kg/hm2时玉米产量最高,为11177kg/hm2,与不施钾肥处理相比增产20.53%,产量差异达显著水平;不同施钾处理玉米收获后土壤速效钾含量比播种前有所降低,土壤缓效钾随钾肥施用量的增加而明显提高,土壤全钾含量变化不大;不同施钾处理,随着钾肥的施用量提高,玉米从土壤中带走钾量明显增加,当钾肥施用量在117kg/hm2以下时,土壤中的钾素亏损,不能保持土壤中钾素平衡;各处理玉米子粒中钾素含量均比其茎秆钾素含量低,随着钾肥施入量的增加,子粒茎秆中钾素含量也相应增加;不同施钾处理,钾素的利用率随钾肥的施用量的增加而减少。 相似文献
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低钾胁迫对两个耐钾能力不同水稻品种养分吸收和分配的影响 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
通过土培和大田试验,研究了不同供钾水平对两个耐缺钾能力不同水稻品种的氮钾钠等营养特性及其生长的影响。结果表明,不耐低钾的81394具有生物量大但体内钾素含量低的遗传特性,在缺钾条件下,其生长及钾素积累都受到明显抑制,而供钾水平的变化对耐低钾品种辐简稻的影响不大。缺钾条件下,生育前期辐简稻钾素利用效率大于81394,但生育后期及供钾充足时相反。钾效率表现为辐简稻始终大于81394。低钾胁迫使水稻体内含氮量增大,N/K升高,养分比例失调,81394表现更为显著。缺钾促进水稻对钠的吸收,在辐简稻根系中更为突出。 相似文献
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不同棉花品种,茎基针刺接种大丽轮枝菌中等毒力小种(SS—4)或强毒力小种(T—1)3日内,经室内培养,自棉茎端部维管束和叶柄组织分离到该病原菌.在所有供试的感耐,抗病品种温室培养的幼苗中均观察到大丽轮枝菌在棉茎中的这种传导。7—9日后叶部显现症状。自抗病品种SBSl 上分离到病原菌的频率低于自耐、感病陆地棉品种分离到的频率。在茎段上接种萌发单孢,抗病品种棉茎段比之感、耐病品种茎段能更强烈抑制大丽轮枝菌菌丝的生长。在抗病品种茎干切段上,即使病菌能够生长,产生的微菌核也少,很晚。而感病品种切段上,菌丝生长旺盛,产生的微菌核也多。接种后不久,抗、感病品种棉茎端部和叶柄组织中大丽轮枝菌的存在,及抗、感病品种段上菌丝生长和微菌核形成的差异表明,这种抗性是一种被激活的寄主化学反应。这些结果与下一篇关于类倍半萜烯植保素的积累的论文中所报道的资料相一致。这种植保素可能是棉花抗黄萎病的关键因子。 相似文献
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对25个玉米品种的茎腐病抗性分析和产量损失评估 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
2014年河南省玉米茎腐病大爆发,调查25个品种的发病情况。依据国家玉米品种抗病鉴定标准,浚单509为抗病品种;豫单606、金赛38和浚单3136为中抗病品种;其他21个品种均为高感品种。确定以5%的产量损失率为划分耐病性标准的临界值,耐茎腐病品种有浚单509、豫单606、金赛38、浚单3136、怀玉5288、桥玉8号、XY046、正玉10、黎乐66、伟科702和浚单29。品种的抗病性主要以病株率的高低作为划分依据,耐病性主要以产量损失率作为划分依据,以Venn图的形式展示品种的抗病性和耐病性之间的联系。 相似文献
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吉林省玉米茎腐病病原菌组成、分布和优势种研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1991～1995年在吉林省六个地区主要栽培品种上采集1016个病株标样．经分离、鉴定及致病性试验重分离验证，明确在吉林省玉米茎腐病病原菌由(Fusarium sp.)和(Pythium sp.)组成．其中(Fusarium graminearum)是吉林省的优势种．其次为(Fusarium moniliforme)和(Pythium sp.)。病原菌的组成、分布存在区域间和年度间的差异。在吉林地区是以(Pythium sp.)为优势种。提出玉米茎腐病的研究工作应立足于本生态区内进行，以求达到控制和减少该病害发生危害的目的． 相似文献
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黄淮麦区主推小麦品种对假禾谷镰刀菌所致茎基腐病的抗性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
茎基腐病是我国小麦生产上一种新的土传病害,近年在黄淮麦区发生日益加重,成为影响小麦安全生产的新问题。为给该病的防治和抗病育种工作提供依据,本研究以国内新发现的小麦茎基腐病优势病原菌假禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium pseudograminearum)Wz2-8A菌株为接种物,分别以国外抗病材料SUNCO和国内高度感病品种国麦301为抗性对照和感病对照,对黄淮麦区主推小麦品种进行了苗期盆栽接种和田间成株期接种抗性鉴定,并采用病情指数法进行了抗性评价。结果表明,供试品种在室内苗期及田间成株期均无免疫品种和高抗品种,其中室内苗期接种所有品种均表现感病或高度感病;田间病圃成株期抗性鉴定发现兰考198、许科718等10个黄淮麦区主推小麦品种表现为中抗,占供试品种总数的11.36%;焦麦266、郑麦004、郑麦0856等41个品种表现感病,占供试品种总数的46.59%;其余品种表现为高感,平均病情指数最高可达57.97,占供试品种总数的42.05%。本研究发现我国黄淮麦区主推小麦品种对茎基腐病优势病原菌假禾谷镰刀菌抗性整体较差,需要进一步加强抗病资源筛选,创制新的抗病材料,并充分利用中抗材料进行抗病育种。 相似文献
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吉林省玉米锈病发病规律若干问题的研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
对吉林省玉米锈病发生规律的若干问题进行了研究,明确了以下问题:玉米植株在生育后期对锈菌的侵染抵抗能力要明显强于生育前期;玉米不同叶位的叶片抗侵染能力有明显差异,老叶抗病性强于新叶;增施N肥和P肥,可削弱玉米对锈病的抵抗能力,但增施K肥可增强玉米对锈病的抵抗能力;玉米品种对锈病的抗性差异显著,自交系2L637、2L725、单交种铁15、辽单33、丹玉3、铁12抗性较好。 相似文献
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玉米茎腐病病原菌致病性及侵染规律的研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
利用禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)、禾生腐霉菌(Pythium graminicola)和链状腐霉菌(Pythium catenulatum)3种玉米茎腐病的病原菌通过两年的试验进行了对玉米抗病品种和感病品种的致病性和侵染规律的研究。结果表明：在大田自然条件下，3种病原菌对玉米植株均有致病性．其中以禾谷镰刀菌的致病性最强，其次是禾生腐霉菌和链状腐霉菌。禾谷镰刀菌和腐霉菌在植株散粉盛期以前的侵染规律符合苗期致病性试验的结果。二者侵染致病作用的 相似文献
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Kuo-Ching Tzeng Raymond G. McGuire Arthur Kelman 《American Journal of Potato Research》1990,67(5):287-305
Mechanically harvested tubers of 14 potato cultivars grown on both loamy sand and silt loam soils were evaluated for resistance to bacterial soft rot caused byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica. Cultivars were also assayed for calcium and dry matter content to determine possible correlations with soft rot resistance. Resistance of potato tubers to bacterial soft rot was assayed after harvest by inoculating tubers and determining percent surface area decayed after four days in a mist chamber. Tubers of the cultivars differed widely in resistance to bacterial soft rot. The ranking of the resistance of tubers from different cultivars to bacterial soft rot was similar for both soils, although disease severity in tubers from a particular soil type varied with the season. Of the cultivars tested, tubers of Butte, Russet Burbank, and Nor-gold Russet were ranked as the most resistant, whereas tubers of Redsen, Norchip, Norland and Belchip were rated as the most susceptible. Tubers of Rhinered, Red La Soda, Superior, Pontiac, Atlantic, and Nooksack were intermediate in resistance. Neither calcium concentration in medullar tissues nor dry matter of potato tubers alone could be correlated with ranking of the cultivars with respect to severity of bacterial soft rot. However, a multiple linear regression model incorporating both variables indicated that tubers with a high content of both calcium and dry matter were likely to be less susceptible to bacterial soft rot than were tubers with lower percentages of these variables. 相似文献
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Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov is an aphid pest that hampers the global production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Infestation of wheat by D. noxia reduces crop yield and sometimes leads to the death of susceptible cultivars. To date resistant cultivars have been used to control infestations. However, the development of resistance-breaking aphid biotypes is complicating this management strategy. This study aimed to ascertain the effect that 25 mM potassium phosphate (K3PO4) treatment has on inducing resistance in wheat against D. noxia. The effects of potassium phosphate on induced resistance against D. noxia were determined using gene regulation and enzymatic levels of lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.24). The results indicated that the treatment of both susceptible (Scheepers) and resistant (Tugela DN) wheat cultivars with potassium phosphate induces genes differentially. A phenotypic study showed delayed development and less severity of symptoms with decreased numbers of aphids feeding on plants treated with potassium phosphate in comparison with untreated plants for both resistant and susceptible cultivars. The results from the gene expression and enzyme activity studies indicated that both of the induced systemic resistance-linked genes were similarly regulated after potassium phosphate treatment. The data strongly support treatment of wheat with potassium phosphate to induce tolerance against D. noxia. 相似文献
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Potato late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease of potato worldwide. Most of the potato cultivars grown in conventional agriculture are susceptible, or at best moderately resistant, and require frequent applications of fungicides to avoid heavy yield losses.In field trials spanning four years, we have investigated the effect of potassium phosphite, an inorganic salt on potato late blight. Potassium phosphite is known to induce defence responses in potato and to also have direct toxic effects on oomycetes, which in turn counteract late blight and tuber blight development. However, the use of this salt is not yet implemented and approved in European potato cultivation. We compared the effect of phosphite alone with fungicides currently used in Swedish potato cultivation. We also investigated the combined use of potassium phosphite and reduced doses of fungicides. Table potato cultivars and starch potato cultivars with different levels of resistance were used.We found that potassium phosphite in combination with reduced doses of fungicides results in the same level of protection as treatments with the recommended full dose of fungicides. These combined treatments reduce the need of traditional fungicides and may also decrease the selection pressure for fungicide resistance development in the pathogen. In relatively resistant starch potato cultivars using phosphite alone gave sufficient protection against late blight. Furthermore, in starch potato a combination of phosphite and fungicides at two-week intervals provided similar protection to weekly applications of fungicide at the recommended dose. Foliar treatment with phosphite also gave protection against tuber blight at similar levels to that of the best-performing fungicide. Our data suggests that potassium phosphite could be used in potato cultivation in temperate regions such as in Sweden, at least in combinations with reduced rates of fungicides. The implementation of the use of phosphite in practical potato crop protection as part of an IPM strategy is discussed. Doses, intervals and combinations could be adjusted to the level of cultivar resistance. 相似文献