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1.
Potato is one of the most important crops worldwide. Genetic resources of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum) and related cultivated species are conserved through storage of tubers, in vitro plants and in cryopreservation. Cryopreservation,
storage in or above liquid nitrogen, is the best option to maintain vegetatively propagated plants in the long term. The present
review gives comprehensive information about various cryopreservation techniques for potato published from 1977 until the
present. It discusses factors that affect the process and success of cryopreservation, such as donor culture conditions, preculture,
cooling, warming and post-culture treatments. Studies are presented that analyse the histological and ultrastructural changes
after different cryopreservation steps and the morphological pathways during regeneration of plants after rewarming. The maintenance
of genetic stability in potato after cryopreservation has also been demonstrated by various phenotypic and molecular methods.
The first thermal analyses on potato shoot tips are presented using differential scanning calorimetry to analyse the state
of water during cooling and warming. Biochemical analyses of different compounds, such as soluble sugars and proteins, have
been performed to understand and improve existing cryogenic methods. Potato is an example where successful virus elimination
has been obtained via cryopreservation of shoot tips (cryotherapy). There are already cryopreserved collections of potato
shoot tips in Germany, Peru, Czech Republic, South Korea and USA, but additional experiments on fundamental aspects of potato
cryopreservation will help to improve understanding of the different cryopreservation methods, start new collections in other
countries and also build up existing cryocollections of potato. 相似文献
2.
Cryotherapy of Potato Shoot Tips for Efficient Elimination of Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) and Potato Virus Y (PVY) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Viral diseases constitute a major constraint to high yield and high quality production of potato. Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) are among the most damaging potato viruses and are prevalent in most potato growing areas. In the present study, attempts
were made to eliminate PLRV and PVY by three cryogenic protocols, i.e., encapsulation-dehydration, encapsulation-vitrification
and droplet. Results showed that both PLRV and PVY could be efficiently eliminated by cryogenic treatments with 83–86% and
91–95% of frequencies of virus-free plantlets obtained for the former and latter, respectively. Frequencies of virus-free
plantlets produced by cryogenic treatments were higher than those by meristem culture (56% for PLRV and 62% for PVY) and thermotherapy
(50% for PLRV and 65% for PVY), and similar to those by thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (90% for PLRV and 93% for
PVY). Survival (75–85%) and regrowth (83–89%) from cryo-treated shoot tips were higher than those from meristem culture (50–55%)
and thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (40–50%), but similar to those from thermotherapy (80–87%). The morphology
of the plantlets regenerated from cryo-treated shoot tips was similar to that of non-treated plantlets. Thus, cryotherapy
would provide an alternative method for efficient elimination of potato viruses, and can be simultaneously used for long-term
storage of potato germplasm and for production of virus-free plants. 相似文献
3.
C. R. Brown S. Kwiatkowski M. W. Martin P. E. Thomas 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(11):633-638
In vitro shoot tips from PVS-infected potato breeding clones and cultivars were exposed to a constant temperature of 34 C and 8,100 lux light. Meristems were excised from heat-treated shoot tips after 3 to 7 weeks of heat therapy. Serological tests were performed on shoot tips derived from meristems excised from heat-treated shoot tips. Additional serological tests, combined with bioassays, applied to six-week-old pot-grown cuttings derived from these shoot tips, did not detect PVS in 19 out of 21 clones given heat therapy. A 90% rate of eradication was achieved. 相似文献
4.
Growth of 6 potato virus S (PVS)-infected potato clones in tissue culture in temperature regimes alternating between supraoptimal (40°C–45°C) and optimal (25°C) temperatures was compared to incubation of etiolated shoots at constant moderate temperatures (37°C) to obtain virus-free plants by shoot tip culture. Both procedures were effective in obtaining PVS-free propagative material. Virus-free plants were obtained in 5 of 6 clones by the alternating temperatures procedure and in 4 of the 6 clones by the constant 37°C incubation prior to shoot tip isolation. Heat tolerance, virus inactivation, and development of pathogen-free buds from the heat-treated plants depended upon the potato cultivar and the type of culture media in which the tips grew, but these characteristics did not coincide in any clone. The variety Chieftain was the least tolerant to the high temperatures and no virus-free individuals were recovered. White Rose was the most heat resistant, but Russet Burbank resulted with the highest percentage of PVS-free plants. The virus was eliminated from the variety Kennebec only by the alternating temperature treatments. Exposing potato plantlets in the alternating temperature regimes prior to isolation and regeneration of shoot tips was slightly better than the traditional method of incubation of plants at constant moderate temperatures that the plant will withstand and offers a new option in freeing plants of more tenacious viruses. 相似文献
5.
不同处理方法对马铃薯茎尖成苗率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验以带马铃薯病毒的N88为材料,分别在40℃/25℃(4 h/20 h)的变温环境中,培养2、3、4周处理后茎尖剥离;以N88和D575试管苗为材料,在加入0,20,30 mg·L-1病毒唑的培养基中处理40 d后茎尖剥离。茎尖培养基为MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 GA3+4 g·L-1琼脂粉+30 g·L-1白砂糖的改良固体培养基,30 d后开始调查成苗率,每隔10 d调查1次,直到60 d,统计茎尖成苗率。结果表明:2周变温处理的茎尖成苗率和对照接近,但脱毒率有所提高;4周变温处理剥离茎尖成苗率最低,60 d成苗率仅为15%,脱毒率为100%;病毒唑浓度对不同材料的茎尖成苗率影响不同,其中D575经过20 mg·L-1病毒唑处理,茎尖培养60 d后成苗率最高达到83.3%,PVS脱除率为40%;材料N88在加入20 mg·L-1和30 mg·L-1浓度病毒唑的培养基中培养40 d后茎尖剥离,60 d成苗率分别为40.0%和41.7%,PVY、PLRV的脱毒率为100%。 相似文献
6.
7.
Summary A method is described for propagating potato shoot tips with liquid culture in petri dishes. With cv: Exton, Pontiac, Kennebec
and Sebago multiplication rates could exceed 8-fold every 8 weeks. The petri dishes can be packed so as to accommodate large
numbers of multiplying tips in a small space. 相似文献
8.
马铃薯种质资源保存试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过低温保存,添加渗透调节剂及生长抑制剂和微型薯诱导的方法,对马铃薯种质资源试管苗的保存效果进行了研究。结果表明,使用低温(4℃)保存和在MS培养基基础上添加浓度为50mg·L-1的生长抑制剂比久(B)9,可以使试管苗保存时间长达8～10个月,且苗茎叶健壮,有试管薯形成,保存效果较好;MS基础上添加浓度为0.01%～0.1%渗透调节剂甘露醇也能达到较好的保存效果;通过微型薯诱导保存得到试管薯的诱导率为15%～80%,但保存后期易造成试管苗死亡。 相似文献
9.
茶种质资源室内保存技术研究──茶树茎切段试管苗保存技术 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
应用组织培养技术保存茶树种质资源，是当今人们正在探索的一种有效、安全的新途径。茶树茎切段试管苗保存技术的研究结果表明，诱导茎切段培养基以ＭＳ或改良ＥＲ基本培养基附加ＢＡ０．０４ｍｇ／Ｌ－４．００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０４ｍｇ／Ｌ－０．５０ｍｇ／Ｌ为宜。茎切段的芽诱导率在品种间或同一品种不同季节间存在着明显的差异。茎外植体采样以春梢为好。弱光照、较低温和适当添加化学抑制剂（如甘露醇、ＰＰ＿３３３、ＡＢＡ等）有利于延缓培养物生长、增加培养物保存期。 相似文献
10.
Plant regeneration from leaf tissues of four North Dakota genotypes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Y. D. Park D. H. Ronis A. A. Boe Z. M. Cheng 《American Journal of Potato Research》1995,72(6):329-338
An efficient plant regeneration system was developed fromin vitro leaf tissues of four North Dakota potato genotypes. The best medium for genotype ND860-2 was Murashige and Skoog medium with 20.0 μM IAA and 11.4 μM zeatin riboside. Two to three weeks of initial dark treatments had a significant effect in reducing the time for shoot regeneration and increasing the number of regenerated shoots. Four antibiotics commonly used inAgrobacterium- mediated transformation were tested for their effects on shoot regeneration. Shoot induction was completely inhibited by kanamycin at 15 mg/L and hygromycin at 4 mg/L or higher, but not by carbenicillin (except at 1000 mg/L) and cefotaxime. Hygromycin significantly stimulated shoot induction at 1 mg/L. 相似文献
11.
Summary 0.4 μmol/l naphtalenacetic acid (NAA) stimulated early root formation and caused highly significant increases in numbers of
rooted plantlets (from 55 to 74%) when potato meristem tips were cultured in a medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA).
When the medium lacked GA, 0.1 μmol/l NAA induced complete development in about 30% of the explants. Higher concentrations
inhibited root and shoot growth and induced conspicuous callus formation, both in the presence and absence of GA.
Low NAA concentrations were thus useful in obtaining accelerated and more uniform development in the potato meristem tip population. 相似文献
12.
Field experiments were conducted at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, U.S.A in 2000, 2001, and 2004 to assess the effect of different durations of weed interference on two sweet potato cultivars with different shoot growth habits. The cultivars were Beauregard, which has a spreading growth habit that is typical of U.S. sweet potato cultivars and Carolina Bunch, with an erect growth habit. Weed interference treatments included control plots that were maintained weed free throughout the growing season and plots that were maintained weed free for 0, 10, 20, and 30 days after transplanting. In general, Carolina Bunch was more tolerant of weed interference than was Beauregard. In two of three years Carolina Bunch storage root yields were higher than Beauregard yields in plots that received no weeding; whereas, yields of the two cultivars in weed free plots were not different. Weed interference affected shoot growth to a greater extent than it affected storage root production. At the end of the growing season, Carolina Bunch shoot biomass was greater than Beauregard shoot biomass in plots receiving no weeding and in plots that were maintained weed free for 10 days in all three years. Shoot biomasses of the two cultivars were not different in weed-free plots. Weed shoot biomasses were greater in Beauregard plots than in Carolina Bunch plots in several instances. These results demonstrate that sweet potato cultivars with a vigorous, erect shoot growth habit (with shorter stems, greater branching, and a denser and taller canopy early in the growing season) may be less susceptible to weed interference than cultivars with spreading shoot growth. This study also confirmed previous observations that sweet potato productivity is not greatly affected by moderate weed interference; thus, it may not require intense weed management to produce high yields. 相似文献
13.
Summary Cultures of 23 potato cultivars were examined for their responses to hormonal and osmotic growth inhibitors incorporated in
media used for storage in-vitro. Cultivars differed in their tolerance of inhibitors and also in their growth on a Murashige
and Skoog medium with 3% sucrose. Both osmotic and hormonal growth retardants restricted the development of shoot tips but
there were significant cultivar x treatment interactions, indicating that the ranking of cultivars will vary with the media
used. Such interactions may complicate the establishment of facilities for storage in-vitro. However, addition to the basal
medium of 5 mg l−1 abscisic acid reduced both the overall mean scores and, more importantly, the between cultivar variance; its use in conjunction
with low temperature shows promise as a method for conserving potato germplasm in-vitro. 相似文献
14.
马铃薯茎尖脱毒效果影响因素的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以克新2号、克新16号和克新17号等8个马铃薯品种为试验材料,对马铃薯茎尖脱毒效果的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:不同种类的植物生长调节剂对茎尖的生长有不同的影响,茎尖在⑤号培养基(MS+1.0mg·L-1KT+0.5mg·L-1IAA+0.5mg·L-1GA3)上可不产生愈伤组织,直接成苗,是最适宜的培养基;6～8℃低温预处理和37℃热空气处理对茎尖脱毒有利;茎尖取材来源对成苗率没有影响,对脱毒效果影响较大,但脱毒效果依品种而异;为避免造成损失,需在15个月内准备出用于更换的基础苗。 相似文献
15.
提高雾化栽培马铃薯微型薯结薯能力的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
用 3种处理方法 ,下放植株 ,激素 (CCC) ,剪尖对雾化栽培室内的脱毒苗进行随机区组处理。结果表明 :激素和剪尖对叶面积系数 (LAI)、株高、茎粗等营养器官生长特征影响一致 ,可用剪尖替代激素促进形态建成 ;下放植株可极显著促进根系发育 ,促使腋芽向匍匐茎转化 ,可极显著提高微型小薯的产量 ;同时 ,相关分析表明 ,LAI与单株薯数呈极显著正相关 (r =0 874 8 ) ;根系体积与单株薯数显著相关 (r=0 82 0 1 ) ,与单株匍匐茎数极显著相关 (r =0 8770 )。 相似文献
16.
紫色甘薯的茎尖培养与脱毒 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以紫色甘薯品系为试材,研究6-BA和NAA及基因型对紫色甘薯茎尖培养的影响,并采用硝酸纤维素膜—酶联免疫法(NCM-ELISA)和症状法对再生植株进行病毒学检测。结果表明,培养基中6-BA和NAA浓度和配比对紫色甘薯茎尖培养的愈伤组织、不定根和不定芽的诱导有明显影响。6-BA可促进不定芽的诱导,附加1mg/L6-BA的MS培养基为最佳诱芽培养基。基因型对诱芽率也有一定的影响,其中品系B3和B7的诱芽率可达50%。通过病毒学检测,获得12个紫色甘薯品系的脱毒苗,其平均脱毒率为94.7%。 相似文献
17.
Summary Uptake efficiency (in terms of shoot K content) of potato decreased with time compared to that of wheat at a deficient K level
of 1.5 μM. This resulted from the decrease in root-shoot ratio with time for potato only. Both shoot and root growth rates
of potato depended on solution K levels in the initial stages and were greater at higher K levels. At optimum K, uptake efficiency
of potato increased with time and this was due to the increased K-influx with time. The K concentration of 4–5% in the potato
shoot was sufficient to achieve 90% of maximum shoot growth rate. Plants grown at optimum K concentration attained shoot K
content of 4–5% rapidly and achieved maximum shoot growth rate faster than those grown at low K concentration. 相似文献
18.
Summary Potato shoot tips excised from 2-week-old in vitro nodal cuttings were cryopreserved after encapsulation in alginate beads.
Encapsulated shoot tips were first precultured in sucroseenriched media, dried over silica gel, and rapidly cooled in liquid
nitrogen. After slow rewarming in air at room temperature, alginate beads were transferred to solid culture medium for shoot
tip recovery. After cooling in liquid nitrogen, shoot yield depended on preculture duration, sucrose concentration and water
content of beads. Survival rates above 60% were obtained for each cultivar tested. 相似文献
19.
An alternative pretreatment method for mitotic chromosomes in potato root tips is described. Root tips were treated with a synthetic pyrethroid, a permethrine, {3-Phenoxybenzil (±) -Cis, trans, 3-(2,2 dichlorovinyl) -2,2-dimethyl ciclopropane carboxylate}. with concentrations of 10ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm, and 500ppm. Cold water and 0.02M 8-hydroxyquinoline were used for comparison at 4 C. Mitotic index was obtained for all treatments by using a standard squash method, and pretreatment with 100ppm of the pyrethroid demonstrated a large number of mitotic cells and well condensed chromosomes for a comprehensive observation in mitotic cells 相似文献
20.
一定的低温条件是启动油菜离体枝尖花芽分化的必要条件。在适宜的环境条件下,油菜离体枝尖能在不加任何植物激素的MS培养基上正常开花。高浓度细胞分裂有有促进油菜离体枝尖营养生长并抑制其生殖生长的作用,能使油菜离体枝尖的分枝和每个分枝的叶片显著增多,主枝和分枝出现花蕾的时间明显延迟,花蕾较早败育。 相似文献