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1.
低磷土壤接种菌根真菌和解磷细菌对大田玉米生长和磷吸收的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)能与多数陆生植物共生,促进植物吸收养分尤其是磷。解磷细菌(Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,PSB)可以活化土壤中难溶性无机磷和有机磷。本研究采用苯菌灵对田间低磷土壤中土著AM真菌进行灭菌,并接种外源AM真菌(Glomusversiforme,G.v)和PSB(Pseudomonassp.),研究AM真菌和PSB接种对不同生育期玉米生长、磷养分吸收和产量的影响。结果表明,施用苯菌灵能够有效地抑制土著AM真菌对玉米根系的侵染,未施用苯菌灵处理中土著AM真菌促进了玉米前期和收获期的生长,提高了玉米吸磷量;接种Pseudomonas sp.促进了玉米六叶期根系的生长;接种外源AM真菌G.v促进了玉米六叶期和收获期地上部的生长,但降低了玉米产量。双接种Pseudomonas sp.和G.v对玉米生长、吸磷量和产量未表现出显著的协同效应。 相似文献
2.
通过盆栽试验,研究了在低氮(不施氮)和高氮(施氮0.2 g·kg~(-1))水平下接种不同种类丛枝菌根(AM)真菌[Funneliformis mosseae(BGC-NM03D)、Claroideoglomus etunicatum(BGC-NM01B)和Rhizophagus intraradices(BJ09)]对小麦生长、氮吸收及根内4个硝态氮转运蛋白(NRT)基因、1个辅助蛋白(NAR)基因和2个铵态氮转运蛋白(AMT)基因表达的影响。结果表明,3种AM真菌均能够侵染小麦根系,以R.intraradices菌根的侵染率最高;接种R.intraradices或C.etunicatum能够显著提高小麦的生物量或地上部氮吸收量;无论是高氮还是低氮处理,接种AM真菌后均显著下调了小麦根内NRT、NAR和AMT基因的表达水平,且不同AM真菌调控小麦根内氮转运蛋白基因表达的能力具有明显差异。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌对西藏高原草地植物和土壤环境的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用三室隔网装置，就Glomus etunicatum、Glomus intraradices、Glomus mossecte对2种高山草地植物和土壤环境的影响进行了研究。结果表明：（1）接种AM真菌对草地植物的侵染和生长均具显著效应，植株地上部、根系干物重以及含磷量、吸磷量均显著高于不接种处理，菌根菌丝对植株吸磷的贡献率达47.8％-69．5％。其中，Glomus intraradices、Glomus mosseae分别对穗序剪股颖、紫羊毛吸收土壤磷索更具促进作用。（2）各接种处理中室土壤中各类微生物数量均显著高于边室土壤，但边室土壤中放线菌，特别是细菌、真菌的平均增幅均远高于中室土壤，表明菌根际、菌丝际土壤中各类微生物的数量差异趋于明显缩小，微生物区系构成得以平衡与改善；解磷细菌（芽孢杆菌）亦呈同一趋势。（3）2—1 mm粒径团聚体在土壤水稳性团聚体构成中占有绝对比重，菌根菌丝对距根表不同距离处2—1 mm团聚体形成的贡献率均在70％以上，但距根表2—4cm处菌根菌丝贡献率明显低于0-2、4-6cm处，并未表现出随菌丝密度增加而提高的趋势；5—2mm水稳性团聚体仅距根表较远处有少量形成（菌丝贡献率达100％），0-2、2—4cm处则未见分布。（4）同一、不同AM真菌对不同或同一草地植物的侵染及所产生的菌根效应具有不同程度的差异，穗序剪股颖各接种处理普遍优于紫羊毛，紫羊毛＋Glomus mosseae、穗序剪股颖＋Glomus intraradices优于同组其他接种处理的趋势较为明显。 相似文献
5.
菌根对紫色土上间作玉米生长及磷素累积的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)在土壤与植物系统的磷素循环中发挥着关键的作用。本文通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同AMF接种状况[不接种(NM)、接种Glomus mosseae(GM)、接种G.etunicatum(GE)]和玉米/大豆间作体系不同根系分隔方式(不分隔、尼龙网分隔、塑料膜分隔)对间作玉米植株生长及磷素吸收累积的影响。研究结果表明:GM处理下的间作玉米根系侵染率在不同根系分隔方式之间的差异不显著,而GE处理则在塑料膜分隔处理下对玉米的侵染率最高。接种不同AMF对间作玉米促生效果不同,GM和GE处理在不同根系分隔情况下表现出各自的优势,与未接种处理相比,GM处理能使玉米生物量、株高有一定程度增加并在根系不分隔处理下玉米磷吸收较多、生长较好;GE处理能使植株生物量有一定程度增加并在尼龙网分隔处理下的玉米磷吸收较多、生长较好。间作体系不同根系分隔方式对玉米的影响也不同,其中玉米地上部生物量在根系分隔处理下普遍小于不分隔处理,但根系生物量的大小情况则刚好相反。另外,无论何种接种状况,玉米根系磷含量及吸收量均以尼龙网分隔处理显著较高。而根系磷吸收效率则以接种G.mosseae且不分隔根系处理显著高于分隔处理。所有复合处理中,以接种G.etunicatum与尼龙网分隔根系组合处理对间作玉米的生长及磷素累积的促进作用最好,若应用于滇池流域,可望有效控制坡耕地土壤磷素的迁移。 相似文献
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采用中间隔网的土培根箱试验,对旱作水稻或/和西瓜接种丛枝菌根真菌(简称AM真菌)幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum Becker&Gerdemann),研究了旱作水稻/西瓜间形成菌丝桥并诱导水稻磷酸盐转运蛋白OsPT11的表达和对磷吸收的影响。结果表明:(1)根箱两侧均未接种AM真菌时,旱作水稻和西瓜根系均不形成菌根,水稻根系的磷酸盐转运蛋白OsPT11也不表达。(2)西瓜侧接种AM真菌时,西瓜与水稻间形成的菌丝桥引起水稻菌根的形成,并诱导水稻根系磷酸盐转运蛋白OsPT11表达。(3)菌丝桥侵染和直接接种侵染对旱作水稻和西瓜形成丛枝菌根能达到相同的效果,旱作水稻和西瓜的菌根侵染率分别为80%以上和70%以上。(4)在旱作水稻/西瓜间作系统中,当接种AM真菌时,水稻和西瓜根际有效磷含量显著高于对照处理,水稻地上部全磷含量降低,而西瓜地上部全磷含量升高。 相似文献
7.
分根装置中接种AM真菌对玉米秸秆降解及土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验通过两室分根装置种植玉米,利用网袋法研究接种Glomus mosseae和Glomus etunicatum两种AM真菌对玉米秸秆降解的影响。试验分别在玉米移栽后第20 d、30 d、40 d、50 d和60 d时取样,通过测定接种AM真菌后玉米秸秆中碳、氮释放,土壤中3种常见酶活性、微生物量碳、微生物量氮及土壤呼吸的动态变化,探讨AM真菌降解玉米秸秆可能的作用机制。研究结果表明:经60 d的培养后,与未接种根室相比,接种G.mosseae和G.etunicatum真菌的菌根室玉米秸秆降解量提高了20.75%和20.97%;另外,接种G.mosseae和G.etunicatum加快了玉米秸秆碳素释放,降低了氮素释放,致使碳氮比降低25.45%和26.17%,有利于秸秆进一步降解。在本试验条件下,接种AF真菌的菌根室中土壤酸性磷素酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有显著提高,并增加了微生物量碳、氮和土壤呼吸作用,形成了明显有别于根际的微生物区系。这一系列影响都反映出AM真菌能够直接或间接作用于玉米秸秆的降解过程,是导致玉米秸秆降解加快的重要原因。 相似文献
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菌丝是丛枝菌根吸收传递养分的主要部分,传统采用玻璃珠培养收集菌丝法,虽然可以收集到纯净的AM菌丝,但收集到的菌丝量较少。以玉米为宿主植物,以单用玻璃珠(对照)或以玻璃珠(2 mm)与沙子(0.25~1.00 mm)混合作为培养基质,分别接种Glomus mosseae或Glomus intraradics进行AM菌丝收集。结果表明,接种G. mosseae的植株根系侵染率显著低于G. intraradics处理,而收集到的G. mosseae根外菌丝量却显著高于G. intraradics。玻璃珠和沙子混合培养基质收集到的G. mosseae根外菌丝干重可达24.4 mg/kg,约为玻璃珠基质的4.7倍。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌与根瘤菌接种对大豆根瘤分布及磷素吸收的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在温室条件下,采用石英砂盆栽试验研究了大豆(冀豆6号)接种丛枝菌根真菌（Glomous mosseae）与根瘤菌 （Bradyrhizobium japonicum）对根瘤的形成、分布以及磷素吸收效率的影响。结果表明,大豆生长至开花期（接种后56 d）,与单接种根瘤菌处理相比,双接种AM真菌和根瘤菌显著增加大豆生物量、氮、磷含量、根系上的总根瘤数。单接种根瘤菌条件下,总根瘤数的48.4%分布在主根上,51.6%分布在侧根上;根瘤菌与AM真菌双接种时,总根瘤数的32.5%分布在主根上,67.5%分布在侧根上。双接种处理的侧根根瘤的固氮酶活性显著高于单接种处理的。双接种条件下大豆侧根中AMF侵染增强,尤其是结根瘤侧根上的AM真菌的侵染率高于未结瘤的侧根的菌根侵染率。接种后28 d单接种菌根真菌处理显著高于双接种处理的植株磷的吸收效率;而56 d 时趋势相反。以上结果表明,AM真菌侵染改变根瘤在大豆根系上的分布,根瘤数量、分布与结根瘤侧根上AM真菌的侵染强度存在正相关关系。 相似文献
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Fuensanta Caravaca María del Mar Alguacil Gisela Díaz Purificacin Marín Antonio Roldn 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(4):501-505
The effectiveness of reforestation programs on degraded soils in the Mediterranean region is frequently limited by a low soil availability and a poor plant uptake and assimilation of nutrients. While organic amendments can improve the nutrient supply, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi can enhance plant nutrient uptake. A pot experiment was conducted in 2004 to study the influence of inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) or with a mixture of three AM fungi (G. intraradices, G. deserticola Trappe, Bloss. & Menge, and G. mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe) and of an addition of composted sewage sludge or Aspergillus niger–treated dry‐olive‐cake residue on plant growth, nutrient uptake, mycorrhizal colonization, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in shoot and roots of Juniperus oxycedrus L. Six months after planting, the inoculation of the seedlings with G. intraradices or a mixture of three AM fungi was the most effective treatment for stimulating growth of J. oxycedrus. There were no differences between the two mycorrhizal treatments. All treatments increased plant growth and foliar N and P contents compared to the control plants. Mycorrhizal inoculation and organic amendments, particularly fermented dry olive cake, increased significantly the NR activity in roots. 相似文献
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A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of pre-inoculation of cucumber plants with each of the three arbuscular
mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus versiforme on reproduction of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. All three AM fungi tested significantly reduced the root galling index, which is the percentage of total roots forming galls.
Numbers of galls per root system were significantly reduced only in the G. intraradices + M. incognita treatment. The number of eggs per root system was significantly decreased by AM fungus inoculation, no significant difference
among the three AM fungal isolates. AM inoculation substantially decreased the number of females, the number of eggs g−1 root and of the number of eggs per egg mass. The number of egg masses g−1 root was greatly reduced by inoculation with G. mosseae or G. versiforme. By considering plant growth, nutrient uptake, and the suppression of M. incognita together, G. mosseae and G. versiforme were more effective than G. intraradices. 相似文献
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Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and expression of gene encoding stress protein – metallothionein BnMT2 in the non‐host crop Brassica napus L. 
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下载免费PDF全文 Grażyna Dąbrowska Christel Baum Alina Trejgell Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(3):459-467
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are an important component of the soil biota in most agroecosystems, and their association can directly or indirectly affect the diversity of soil microorganisms, nutrient cycling, and growth of host plants. Since not all crops are symbiotic, we hypothesized that the presence of AM fungi can: (1) inhibit the growth of non‐host plants by resulting in biotic stress, or (2) promote their growth indirectly by increased nutrient mobilization. These hypotheses were tested in the present study on the non‐mycorrhizal crop canola (Brassica napus L.) in the presence and absence of other autochthonous soil microorganisms. The soil was inoculated with a mixture of AM fungi (Acaulospora longula, Glomus geosporum, G. mosseae, Scutellospora calospora) and as a control, a non‐inoculated soil was used. The impact of inoculation on plant growth (biomass production, nutrient concentrations) and expression of the stress protein metallothionein gene BnMT2 was investigated in the shoots. B. napus L. did not form mycorrhizal associations on its roots, but its growth was promoted after inoculation with AM fungi. In the soil with autochthonic microorganisms, growth inhibition after inoculation was observed compared to the control. The concentrations of N, P, K, and S in the shoot were always significantly increased after inoculation with AM fungi. However, this was partly combined with reduced growth and thereby decreased total uptake of nutrients. Expression of BnMT2 in the leaves was increased after inoculation with AM spores at the soil devoid of indigenous microorganisms, but decreased in their presence. The expression of stress proteins (BnMT2) significantly increased with increasing length and biomass of shoots. In conclusion, the inhibition of the non‐host plant B. napus L. following inoculation with AM fungi was confirmed, however, only in combination with autochthonous microorganisms. Growth promotion of B. napus L. in the presence of AM fungi in the absence of autochthonous soil microorganisms suggest that plant growth depression in the presence of AM fungi was based on interactive effects of AM fungi with the autochthonous microorganisms in the soil rather than on a direct impact of the AM fungi. 相似文献
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The effect of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on phosphorus (P) nutrient activation and acquisition by maize from spatially heterogeneous sand was investigated using dual-mesh packages enriched with different P concentrations and compared with non-mycorrhizal cotrols. As would be expected the AM fungi significantly enhanced leaf photosynthetic rate and the biomass and P concentrations in shoots and roots. All three fungi (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum) displayed the capacity to dissolve inorganic P and promoted P nutrient availability in the packages (P patches). G. etunicatum showed the largest effect comparing with Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae, particularly in packages with high concentrations of P. Possible mechanisms involved include the acidification of the P patches by the AM fungi, promotion of the dissolution of the P, and more marked effects of the three fungal isolates with increasing enrichment of P in the patches. Inoculation with G. etunicatum resulted in greater acidification compared to the other two fungi. We conclude that AM fungi can promote P availability by acidifying the soil and consequently exploiting the P in nutrient patches and by facilitating the growth and development of the host plants. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(8):1340-1352
Three pot experiments were set up to determine how efficiently mycorrhizal fungi affect the uptake, translocation, and distribution of labeled phosphorus (32P), phosphorus (P), and heavy metals in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). In experiments 1 and 2, the efficiencies of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species including Glomus mosseae, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices and a mixed strain (G. mosseae, Gigaspora hartiga, and G. fasciculatum) on uptake, translocation, and distribution of 32P and P in alfalfa were investigated, respectively. In a third experiment, the efficiency of G. mosseae on uptake and distribution of heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and combinations] was tested. Results of experiments 1 and 2 suggest that G. mosseae was the most effective at increasing the uptake of 32P and P. Experiment 3 result showed that in the triple-metal-contaminated soil, inoculated plants had greater Co (32.56 mg kg?1) and Pb (289.50 mg kg?1) concentration and G. mosseae enhanced the translocation of heavy metals to shoot. Hence, mycorrhizal alfalfa in symbiosis with G. mosseae can be used for remediation of heavy metals polluted soils with high efficiency. 相似文献
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Pistacia is a common wild plant in the Southeast Anatolia part of Turkey. The experiment was planned to screen and select the most suitable arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) for enhancing Pistacia species seedling growth by improving phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) uptake. This study was carried out under greenhouse condition at the Department of Soil Science, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Two genotypes from each of P. vera (cvs ‘Siirt’ and ‘Kirmizi’), P. eurycarpa, P. atlantica, and P. terebinthus species were tested with ten different mycorrhizal species. Plants were grown in a growth medium with a mixture of sand, soil and compost with 6:3:1 ratio, respectively. Seedling plants were harvested after eight months and transplanted to pots. There were significant differences between Pistacia species in growth, nutrient uptake and the percentage of mycorrhizal infection. Also mycorrhizal species were different in terms of enhancing plant growth and nutrient uptake. The results were that Siirt, Genotype 08, 11, 13, and 14 gave a high response to the mycorrhizal inoculation and Glomus clarium gave the best improvements in growth and nutrition, resulting in greater plant biomass and Zn and P uptake. Following this, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices, G. caledonium, and G. mosseae species were effective species. In general, G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum mycorrhizae enhanced plant growth; G. clarium was the most efficient species in terms of P and Zn uptake. It has been concluded that these mycorrhizae species significantly enhance the Pistacia plant growth and nutrient uptake. Also using AM fungi in the pistachio nursery should be taken into consideration for better seedling production. Further work needs to be done to determine how much inoculum is needed for sufficient inoculation and how the mycorrhizal seedlings can be adapted under field conditions especially under drought and high calcareous marginal soil conditions. 相似文献
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Lonicera confusa, a traditional Chinese medicine herb for treating cold, flu, acute fever, and so forth, is often grown artificially in acidic soils and suffers from phosphorus (P) deficiency. A five-year field experiment was carried out to study the colonization rate, growth, nutrition, and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera confusa seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus etunicatum and Glomus intraradices. Before transplanting into a field, both AM-inoculated and uninoculated control plants were cultured in nursery beds. In the plants inoculated with the AM fungi, the colonization rate decreased linearly with time and a greater decrease was observed in the plants inoculated with G. intraradices than with G. etunicatum, while the AM colonization increased from 0% to 12.1% in the uninoculated control plants 5 years after transplanting. Plant height, crown diameter, number of new branches, and flower yield increased significantly by AM inoculation as compared to the uninoculated control. Phosphorus concentrations in leaves and flowers increased, and plant uptake of nutrients, e.g., nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K), was also enhanced significantly by AM inoculation. The Lonicera confusa seedlings had a better response to inoculation of G. intraradices than G. etunicatum in both growth and chlorogenic acid content in flowers. In contrast, both plant P uptake and P concentrations in leaves and flowers were similar between two fungal inoculations. The positive responses of Lonicera confusa to AM inoculation in growth, nutrient uptake, flowering, and chlorogenic acid content in flowers suggested that AM inoculation in nursery beds could promote the plant growth and increase chlorogenic acid content in flowers of Lonicera confusa when grown on acidic and P-deficient soils. 相似文献
18.
Mehdi Zarei Nahid Saleh-Rastin Hossien Ali Alikhani Nasser Aliasgharzadeh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1509-1522
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of lentil (Lens culinariscv. ‘Ziba’) to co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and some indigenous rhizobial strains varying in phosphorus (P)-solubilizing ability in a calcareous soil with high pH and low amounts of available P and nitrogen (N). A factorial experiment with completely randomized block design was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of (1) three inoculants of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains and a mixed rhizobial inoculant with an effective P-solubilizer strain of Mesorhizobium ciceri, (2) two AM fungal species, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices, (3) two P sources, superphosphate and phosphate rock. Four replications were prepared for each treatment and a related control. After the growth period of three months, the dry matter of shoots plus seeds, their P and N contents, and percent of root colonized by AM fungus were measured. The results showed that the effects of AM fungi, rhizobial strains, and P fertilizers were highly significant (p < 0.01) for all the characteristics studied. The rhizobial strain with P-solubilizing ability showed a more beneficial effect on plant growth and nutrient uptake than the strain without this ability, although both strains had similar effectiveness for N2-fixation in symbiosis with lentil. Synergistic relationships were observed between AM fungi and some rhizobial strains that related to the compatible pairing of these two microsymbionts. The P-uptake efficiency was increased when P fertilizers were applied along with AM fungi and/or P-solubilizer rhizobial strains. 相似文献
19.
The effects of inoculation of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi namely, Glomus mosseae, Glomus sinuosum, and Scutellospora erythropa in addition to Pseudomonas fluorescens and treatment with mustard oil cake on root-rot disease of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L plants caused by Macrophomina phaseolina were evaluated under polyhouse conditions for 2 years. Inoculations of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination
with P. fluorescens and mustard oil cake showed best supporting biocontrol system against the root-rot disease besides increasing the plant height,
weight, and yield. The biocontrolling efficiency of dual inoculation (AMF + P. fluorescens) was the second best combination followed by AM plus mustard oil cake. Among the three AM fungi, G. mosseae inoculations showed the best results. Different combined AMF inoculations also altered the concentrations of total soluble
sugars, orthodihydric phenols, flavonols, and epicuticular wax contents in host plants. 相似文献
20.
The effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus intraradices and G. versiforme, on growth and zinc (Zn) uptake were investigated in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings exposed to low-Zn soil. Low-Zn decreased growth, levels of leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein and sugar, and soil enzymatic activities, and pH in 0–2 cm rhizosphere soil. Low-Zn soil also decreased mineral nutrients (including Zn) concentrations in the shoots and roots. Glomus intraradices especially, significantly enhanced plant biomass, leaf soluble protein and sugar concentrations, root viability, acid phosphatase, catalase, invertase and urease activities, and easily extractable glomalin content in 0–2 cm and 2–4 cm rhizosphere soil. It also increased concentrations of Zn, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the shoots and roots, while decreased the soil pH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, especially G. intraradices, has the potential to improve growth and Zn uptake of triofoliate orange seedlings grown in low-Zn soil. 相似文献