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1.
Nyoni BN Gorman K Mzilahowa T Williamson MS Navajas M Field LM Bass C 《Pest management science》2011,67(8):891-897
BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para‐type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20–40‐fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid‐resistant and pyrethroid‐susceptible strains revealed a single non‐synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
2.
Nimet Sema Gencer Nabi Alper Kumral H. Ozkan Sivritepe Melis Seidi Hilal Susurluk Bulent Senturk 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(3):217-224
The spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) cause severe economic losses to vegetable farms and deciduous fruit orchards in Turkey. One of their
predators, the ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Muls.) (Col., Coccinellidae), aggregates on mite-infested patches of plants. The present study assessed whether there is
a role for herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and/or odors emitted directly from these two mite species in the aggregative
response of ladybird beetles. The olfactory responses of the predator females to volatiles from T. urticae- and/or P. ulmi-infested sweet pepper (four cultivars, viz. ‘Demre’, ‘Yalova Carliston’, ‘Kandil Dolma’ and ‘Yag Biberi’), kidney bean (cv.
‘Barbunya’) and apple (M9 rootstock) were investigated using a two-choice olfactometer. Our results showed that HIPVs emitted
from both T. urticae- and P. ulmi-infested plants significantly attracted S. gilvifrons adults for all plants except the sweet pepper cv. Yag Biberi. In addition, it was found that volatiles from apple plants
infested by T. urticae and, especially, P. ulmi are more attractive for S. gilvifrons females than those emitted by other infested plants. The results also suggest that the odors of T. urticae adults and their products might influence the attraction of S. gilvifrons females. 相似文献
3.
Fadel Mansour 《Phytoparasitica》1990,18(2):135-141
Species presence and density of mixed populations of phytophagous tetranychid and predacious phytoseiid mites were studied
in sprayed and unsprayed apple orchards in northern Israel during three growing seasons. Two species of phytophagous tetranychids,
namely,Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval andT. Urticae Koch, and two species of predatory phytoseiid mites —Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski andAmblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot — were found. Predator density was lower than herbivore density in sprayed commercial orchards, but the reverse
was true in unsprayed orchards.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2855-E, 1989 series. 相似文献
4.
The red spider mite Tetranychus evansi can cause up to 90% yield losses to tomato crops. Mechanisms and causes of plant resistance to this pest could contribute to improved planning of plant breeding programs that prevent damage by this pest. It is known that the morphology and chemical compounds present in tomato plants are important to Tetranychus spp. success. This study aims at evaluating the resistance of 84 arbitrarily chosen tomato accessions – obtained from the Horticulture Germplasm of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (HGB-UFV), Minas Gerais State, Brazil – to T. evansi. We evaluated the number of spider mites per leaf disk, number of trichomes/mm2, and the concentration of hydrocarbons of leaf disk. A significant difference in the number of T. evansi adults/leaf disk was found among accessions. The resistance mechanism of the HGB-UFV accessions was determined to be antixenosis. Accessions 2004, 2098, 2121, and 2100 had higher trichome density and the lowest adult T. evansi per tomato leaf disk. For this reason, these accessions should be chosen as sources of resistance in plant breeding programs. The hydrocarbons C11, C13, and C22 had a negative correlation with T. evansi adults per leaf disk. 相似文献
5.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the prey stage preference and the daily consumption of each stage of the
coccinellid predatorStethorus punctillum Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on the two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Groups of different life stages of the prey were offered (eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults).
The prey preference varied with the stage ofS. punctillum. First larval instars had no significant preference among theT. urticae stages offered. Second larval instars consumed significantly more spider mite larvae in comparison with nymphs. In contrast,
third larval instars indicated a strong preference for mite eggs. Significantly fewerT. urticae larvae were consumed by the fourth larval instars ofS. punctillum, in comparison with the three other mite stages. Finally, adult predators consumed significantly more mite eggs than the
other stages offered. This preferential trend was similar for all adults tested, whether during the pre-oviposition or the
oviposition period.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 17, 2004. 相似文献
6.
为明确新型复配杀螨剂联肼·乙螨唑对目前蔬菜田常发生的2种优势叶螨二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae和截形叶螨T. truncatus的杀螨活性,于室内采用离体叶碟法测定其对这2种叶螨产卵及发育的影响,于室外采用活体植株评价该药剂对2种叶螨的田间防效。结果表明,经复配杀螨剂联肼·乙螨唑及其单剂处理2种叶螨雌成螨24 h后,死亡率为20.50%～54.98%,均显著高于清水对照;联肼·乙螨唑处理较清水对照显著降低了2种叶螨卵发育至若螨期的比率,联肼·乙螨唑处理后二斑叶螨和截形叶螨的若螨率分别为4.91%和1.63%。田间试验中联肼·乙螨唑对2种叶螨具有一定的速效性,药后3 d对二斑叶螨和截形叶螨的防效分别达95.74%和89.83%,药后7 d防效分别为98.03%和99.44%,显示了优良的防控效果及持效性。表明复配杀螨剂联肼·乙螨唑可用于田间蔬菜优势叶螨种群的高效防控。 相似文献
7.
甘肃省二斑叶螨地理种群的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨甘肃省二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae种群遗传多样性及遗传分化,通过mtDNA-COI基因DNA条形码技术对采自甘肃省8个不同生境35个二斑叶螨地理种群的582个样品进行序列分析及地理种群的遗传分化分析。结果表明,获得二斑叶螨mtDNA-COI基因片段大小为424 bp,其中保守序列336个,变异位点66个,简约信息位点45个,单突变位点21个;碱基(A+T)含量明显高于(C+G)含量,有明显的A/T碱性偏倚性;在35个地理种群中共检出16个单倍型,单倍型指数为0.906;Mantel检测结果表明种群间的遗传距离与地理距离无显著相关性;35个地理种群间的遗传分化指数Fst为0.012,种群间变异为1.200。表明二斑叶螨的遗传变异主要来自于种群内部,种群间还未发生明显的遗传分化。 相似文献
8.
为明确植物源活性物质姜黄素对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus的杀螨作用机理,克隆并分析了6条朱砂叶螨几丁质酶基因(TcCHTs)的cDNA序列,利用RT-qPCR技术,测定了不同发育阶段的螨体内几丁质酶基因表达的情况,同时研究了姜黄素作用下几丁质酶基因表达的变化。结果表明:6条几丁质酶基因(TcCHIT1、TcCHIT2、TcCHIT3、TcCHT4、TcCHT5和TcCHT6)有不同的结构域,预测其蛋白质分子质量分别为60.80、69.03、104.32、59.75、45.63和49.05 kDa,等电点分别为5.44、8.65、6.23、6.07、6.12和8.27。6条基因的表达量均为幼螨和若螨时期显著高于卵和成螨时期。不同浓度姜黄素处理朱砂叶螨若螨24 h后,6条基因的表达量均有不同程度下调,其中TcCHIT1和TcCHT5的下调更为显著。研究结果表明,姜黄素对朱砂叶螨的杀螨作用机制之一可能是通过抑制几丁质酶的活性,进而影响几丁质的降解过程,最终因螨体壁受损而导致螨不能正常生长发育。 相似文献
9.
Twenty-nine plant extracts of local species were evaluated for their potential as a source of bioactive ingredients with significant
acaricidal activity that could lead to the development of new and safe bio-acaricides. The crude extracts (70% ethanol) of
these plants were tested for their acaricidal activity against the carmine spider miteTetranychus cinnabarinus in a bioassay under controlled conditions. Mortality, repellency, and the number of eggs laid were measured. Extracts fromEucalyptus camaldulensis andInula viscosa caused more than 25% mortality. Sixteen plant extracts showed significant repellency compared with the control. The six best
extracts, resulting in more than 75% repellency, were fromAllium sativum, Capparis spinosa, Cupressus sempervirens, Lupinus pilosus, Rhus coriaria andTamarix aphylla. Extracts from 16 plants were found to cause a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid compared with the control.
The greatest reduction was achieved by extracts fromC. spinosa, Cyperus rotundus, E. camaldulensis, L. pilosus, Punica granatum, R. coriaria andT. aphylla. A relatively negative fit was found between the mean number of repelled mites and the number of eggs laid (r=−0.65), which
might indicate that most repelled mites were unable to lay eggs before leaving the leaf discs of the bioassay. Our results
show that several plant extracts have good potential for acaricidal activity and are worth further investigation.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 16, 2003. 相似文献
10.
The effects of Neemgard, an acaricidal and fungicidal formulation obtained from neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernels, on the phytophagous miteTetranychus cinnabarinus, the predacious mitePhytoseiulus persimilis, and the predatory spiderChiracanthium mildei, were investigated in laboratory experiments. Neemgard was highly toxic toT. cinnabarinus but had no toxic effect onC. mildei orP. persimilis. Another neem formulation—the insecticidal Neemix 45—caused conspicuous repellency, but no mortality, inT. cinnabarinus. 相似文献
11.
The Hatay population of the predatory mitePhytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot was released into a commercial field of cv. ‘Chandler’ strawberries for the control ofTetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Tetranychidae) in 2000 and 2001 in Silifke county of Icel on the East Mediterranean coast
of Turkey. In 2000, populations ofT. cinnabarinus were recorded in the field from the beginning of March in most plots, and increased gradually until mid-May.T. cinnabarinus populations declined to very low levels in all predator release plots approximately 2 weeks after reaching a peak. In general,
predator populations rose linearly as the population densities of spider mites increased until mid-May.P. persimilis numbers peaked during the period 16–23 May. A similar scenario developed in 2001, but because of the relatively high number
ofT. cinnabarinus in all plots at the beginning of the experiment, bothT. cinnabarinus andP. persimilis peaked almost one month earlier than in 2000. In both years, the Hatay population ofP. persimilis demonstrated good potential for the control ofT. cinnabarinus in field-grown strawberry in the Silifke region of Icel.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 19, 2002. 相似文献
12.
To determine the host range ofVerticillium dahliae among the cultivated species in Crete, Greece, studies were carried out during 1992–2000. Based on disease symptoms observed
on 28 vegetable and forage species grown in a field naturally infected byV. dahliae, and an extensive survey of the most common cultivated species grown under natural conditions, seven hosts belonging to four
botanical families not previously reported as susceptible to Verticilliun wilt, and 12 hosts belonging to seven families new
for Greece, were recorded. The worldwide new hosts are: anise (Anethum graveolens), chard (Beta vulgaris ssp.cicla), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), wild sweet pea (Lathyrus ochrus), lentil (Lens culinaris), marigold (Tagetes erecta) and vetch (Vicia sativa). These species could be infected by their hosts-of-originV. dahliae isolates during pathogenicity tests.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 13, 2002. 相似文献
13.
Development duration and reproduction rate of the twospotted spider miteTetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) were studied on five different apple cultivars (‘Amasya’ (local cultivar), ‘Golden Delicious’,
‘Granny Smith’, ‘Starking Delicious’ and ‘Starkrimson Delicious’) at 25°C, 65±10% r.h. and 16:8 L:D. In addition, the same
parameters were determined on Golden Delicious leaves at three constant temperatures (20°, 30° and 35°C, 65±10% r.h. and 16:8
L:D) in the laboratory.T. urticae performed better on Granny Smith than on the other cultivars, due mainly to high daily egg production (4.6 eggs/♀/day) and
the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r
m
, which was 0.243 ♀/♀/day). The lowestr
m was observed on Amasya variety (0.231 ♀/♀/day). Development periods of immature stages ofT. urticae varied from 6.5 to 15.5 days at 35° and 20°C, respectively, for females, and from 5.9 to 14.5 days at 35° and 20°C, respectively,
for males. The development thresholds of the eggs and pre-adult stages, respectively, were 10.78° and 8.43°C, and total effective
temperatures were 57.80 and 172.41 degree-days. Mean generation time (T
o
) of the population ranged from 9.94 days at 35°C to 25.99 days at 20°C. The net reproduction rate increased from 66.99 ♀/♀
at 20°C to 92.19 ♀/♀ at 25°C, and decreased to 84.34 ♀/♀ at 30°C and to 12.04 ♀/♀ at 35°C. The highest r
m
occurred at 30°C (0.302 ♀/♀/day) and the lowest at 20°C (0.161 ♀/♀/day).
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2003. 相似文献
14.
为探寻具有杀螨潜力的生防真菌,采用喷雾法测定分析玫烟色虫草Cordyceps fumosorosea IF-1106菌株和球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana BB-1339菌株对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus和二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae卵、幼螨及雌成螨的致病力。结果表明,感染玫烟色虫草IF-1106菌株和球孢白僵菌BB-1339菌株后螨类的形态特征不一致,感染IF-1106菌株后形成棉絮状菌丝,而感染BB-1339菌株后则形成羊毛状菌丝。IF-1106菌株和BB-1339菌株对朱砂叶螨和二斑叶螨卵的LC50分别为2.38×107、8.26×107CFU/mL和4.48×107、1.21×108CFU/mL,对朱砂叶螨和二斑叶螨幼螨的LC50分别1.97×107、8.26×107CFU/mL和7.65×106、8.99×105... 相似文献
15.
F. Mansour 《Phytoparasitica》1988,16(3):239-245
Dosage mortality data for 12 pesticides were determined with females of an insecticide-susceptible strain of the carmine spider
mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.), by the slide dip method; for four of the pesticides which are specific acaricides, also the Munger cell method
was used. The LC50s ranged from 0.00078% to 0.041%, with the synthetic pyrethroids being more toxic than the specific acaricides. There were
no differences in results between the two assay methods.
Four synthetic pyrethroids that were very active againstT. cinnabarinus in laboratory tests were examined in an unsprayed apple orchard for their effect on the population density of spider mites.
An upsurge of tetranychid mites was noted 4 weeks after a single application 相似文献
16.
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) was introduced recently into Greece and is being cultivated experimentally for the production of liquid biofuel.
A pilot survey was conducted in October 2005 to provide information on the species composition and density of its lepidopterous
stem borers, which appear to cause severe losses in production. The dominant pest in that season wasSesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre, with a mean density of 1.41 larvae per plant. Larvae were sampled from various plant internodes and found to have
a preference for the lower ones. Analysis of variance showed no significant effects on larval density of the irrigation levels
or of the organic — conventional soil fertilization method. A significant negative correlation was found between the body
length ofS. nonagrioides larvae and the internode from which they were retrieved. This is the first published report of sorghum borer pests in Greece.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 7, 2007. 相似文献
17.
7-(1-酰基哌嗪-4-基)甲基喜树碱衍生物的合成及杀虫活性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以(20S)-喜树碱(CPT)为原料,根据类同合成法和亚结构连接法原理,对CPT的7-C位进行修饰,得到了系列新型7-(1-酰基哌嗪-4-基)甲基喜树碱衍生物(4a~4m),所有衍生物的结构均通过核磁共振氢谱(1H NM R)和液-质联用(LC-M S)等方法确证;并初步测定了其对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus和松材线虫Bursaphelenchu xylophilus的室内杀虫活性。结果表明:与喜树碱相比,各衍生物均表现出不同程度的杀虫活性,其中化合物7-[1-(4-甲氧基苯酰基)哌嗪-4-基]-甲基喜树碱(4g)和7-(1-环戊酰基哌嗪-4-基)-甲基喜树碱(4j)对朱砂叶螨24 h的半数致死浓度(LC50值)分别为8.10和9.05 mg/L,对松材线虫的LC50值分别为6.34和6.68 mg/L。研究结果可为喜树碱衍生物杀虫活性构效关系研究奠定基础。 相似文献
18.
为了实现二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch对阿维菌素抗药性的快速检测,本研究建立了一种叶螨对阿维菌素抗药性的快速分子检测技术,即酶切扩增多态性序列(cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences,CAPS)标记技术,检测二斑叶螨谷氨酸门控氯离子通道(Glu Cl3)基因片段上G326E的突变频率,并采用琼脂浸叶法测定田间5个种群对阿维菌素的抗药性。结果表明,北京密云、顺义、昌平、浙江宁波和海南吉阳5个种群对阿维菌素的抗性倍数分别达1 155.63、1 317.10、844.19、314.95和1 799.69倍,均为极高抗性水平;CAPS检测发现我国二斑叶螨抗性基因存在G326E位点突变,但在供试的5个不同种群中突变频率变异很大,其中北京昌平种群G326E突变频率高达90.00%,密云和顺义种群均为26.67%,浙江宁波种群为5.00%,而海南吉阳种群不存在该位点的突变。表明该CAPS标记还需与其它抗性机制或检测技术结合来实现叶螨对阿维菌素抗性的早期检测和预警。 相似文献
19.
The tansy leaf beetleGaleruca tanaceti (L.) is recorded for the first time in Crete as a pest of oreganoOriganum vulgare (L.). Oregano is an important herb extensively cultivated both in Crete and mainland Greece. The absence of serious pests
due to the production of phenolic compounds and essential oils in the plant tissue has promoted the organic cultivation of
oregano.G. tanaceti is a pest of herbaceous plants that has developed appropriate behavioral and biochemical strategies to circumvent host plant
defences. In addition, the tansy leaf beetle has very few natural enemies and may pose a serious threat to the organic oregano
crops, unless extensive studies of the biology and integrated control of the pest are undertaken.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 18, 2006. 相似文献
20.
间作大蒜对茄子截形叶螨的防控效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确间作大蒜对茄子截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus Ehara种群的防控效果,于室内测定了大蒜提取液对截形叶螨卵的毒杀活性及对雌成螨的驱避和产卵选择性影响,并研究了田间不同比例间作大蒜对茄子截形叶螨自然种群的影响。结果表明,用0.05 g/mL和0.10 g/mL大蒜提取液处理后,截形叶螨卵死亡率分别为44.53%和63.53%,均显著高于空白对照;大蒜提取液处理蔬菜叶片72h后,截形叶螨雌成螨和卵的数量分别为16头和141粒,均显著低于空白对照组的23头和236粒;田间茄子和大蒜按1∶1、2∶1或4∶1间作均可降低截形叶螨自然发生数量,其中1∶1和2∶1间作对截形叶螨种群控制显著升高。研究表明,大蒜提取液对截形叶螨雌成螨取食及产卵具有显著的驱避活性;且间作大蒜可以对截形叶螨种群起到明显的抑制作用。 相似文献