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1.
基于模糊聚类分析的田间精确管理分区研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
【目的】以海涂围垦区盐碱土为研究对象，将从SPOT遥感影像提取出的NDVI数据和盐碱地土壤生产力的主要限制因子盐分数据及部分养分数据作为变量进行精确农业管理分区研究。【方法】模糊c均值聚类方法被用来进行分类分区，并引入了模糊聚类指数和归一化分类熵两种分区效果评价指标，对分区结果进行比较和评价。【结果】本研究区，最佳的分区数目为3个。对处于每一子区内土样的化学特性和实测棉花产量数据进行方差分析，发现其均值在所定义的每个管理分区内都存在着统计意义上的显著差异性，其中子区3具有最高的肥力水平和作物产量，而子区1最低。【结论】利用所选取的变量，模糊c均值聚类算法可以较好地进行管理分区划分。分区结果不但可以指导采样，而且可用于实施变量投入和精确施肥推荐，为样区土壤管理提供科学的决策依据。 相似文献
2.
3.
D. Franzen D. Long A. Sims J. Lamb F. Casey J. Staricka M. Halvorson V. Hofman 《Precision Agriculture》2011,12(4):594-606
A four-year study was conducted from 2000 to 2004 at eight field sites in Montana, North Dakota and western Minnesota. Five
of these sites were in North Dakota, two were in Montana and one was in Minnesota. The sites were diverse in their cropping
systems. The objectives of the study were to (1) evaluate data from aerial photographs, satellite images, topographic maps,
soil electrical conductivity (ECa) sensors and several years of yield to delineate field zones to represent residual soil nitrate and (2) determine whether
the use of data from several such sources or from a single source is better to delineate nitrogen management zones by a weighted
method of classification. Despite differences in climate and cropping, there were similarities in the effectiveness of delineation
tools for developing meaningful residual soil nitrate zones. Topographic information was usually weighted the most because
it produced zones that were more correlated to actual soil residual nitrate than any other source of data at all locations.
The soil ECa sensor created better correlated zones at Minot, Williston and Oakes than at most eastern sites. Yield data for an individual
year were sometimes useful, but a yield frequency map that combined several years of standardized yield data was more useful.
Satellite imagery was better than aerial photographs at most locations. Topography, satellite imagery, yield frequency maps
and soil ECa are useful data for delineating nutrient management zones across the region. Use of two or more sources of data resulted
in zones with a stronger correlation with soil nitrate. 相似文献
4.
Yield maps reflect systematic and random sources of yield variation as well as numerous errors caused by the harvest and mapping procedures used. A general framework for processing of multi-year yield map data was developed. Steps included (1) raw data screening, (2) standardization, (3) interpolation, (4) classification of multi-year yield maps, (5) post-classification spatial filtering to create spatially contiguous yield classes, and (6) statistical evaluation of classification results. The techniques developed allow more objective mapping of yield zones, which are an important data layer in algorithms for prescribing variable rates of production inputs. 相似文献
5.
基于FCM的绿洲农田养分管理分区研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
【目的】以天山北麓绿洲农耕区——新疆农八师148团农田为研究对象,以193个耕层土壤（0～30 cm）有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量的分析数据为变量进行农田土壤养分精确管理分区研究。【方法】模糊c-均值聚类法被用来进行分区,以棉田产量为外部变量,采用FPI、c-φ多次组合法及基于外部变量的多元回归法来确定适宜的模糊控制参数。【结果】研究区最佳分区数为4,模糊指数为1.6。各管理分区土壤养分的变异系数都较分区前全研究区有所减小,而分区间土壤养分差异显著。研究区的平均混乱度指数为0.19,不同模糊类别交叠程度小,地理空间上土壤的隶属关系相对明确。【结论】通过选取适宜的外部变量,模糊c-均值聚类法可以较好地进行管理分区划分,分区结果可以作为变量施肥的单独作业单元进行耕作管理。 相似文献
6.
A. Tagarakis V. Liakos S. Fountas S. Koundouras T. A. Gemtos 《Precision Agriculture》2013,14(1):18-39
Precision viticulture aims at managing vineyards at a sub-field scale according to the real needs of each part of the field. The current study focused on delineating management zones using fuzzy clustering techniques and developing a simplified approach for the comparison of zone maps. The study was carried out in a 1.0 ha commercial vineyard in Central Greece during 2009 and 2010. Variation of soil properties across the field was initially measured by means of electrical conductivity, soil depth and topography. To estimate grapevine canopy properties, NDVI was measured at different stages during the vine growth cycle. Yield and grape composition (must sugar content and total acidity) mapping was carried out at harvest. Soil properties, yield and grape composition parameters showed high spatial variability. All measured data were transformed on a 48-cell grid (10 × 20 m) and maps of two management zones were produced using the MZA software. Pixel-by-pixel comparison between maps of electrical conductivity, elevation, slope, soil depth and NDVI with yield and grape composition maps, set as reference parameters, allowed for the calculation of the degree of agreement, i.e. the percentage of pixels belonging to the same zone. The degree of agreement was used to select the best-suited parameters for final management zones delineation. For the year 2009 soil depth, early and mid season NDVI were used for yield-based management zones while for quality-based management zones ECa, early and mid season NDVI were utilized. For the year 2010 ECa, elevation and NDVI acquired during flowering and veraison were used for the delineation of yield-based management zones while for quality-based management zones ECa and NDVI acquired during flowering and harvest were utilized. Results presented here could be the basis for simple management zone delineation and subsequent improved vineyard management. 相似文献
7.
Within-field variations in potential grain yield may be due to variations in plant available soil water. Different water holding capacities affect yield differently in different years depending on weather. By estimating plant-water availability in different weathers, scenarios could be created of how yield potential and thereby fertilizer demand may vary within fields. To test this, measured cereal grain yields from a dry, a wet and an intermediate year were compared with different soil moisture related variables in a Swedish arable field consisting of clayey and sandy areas. Soil water budget calculations based on weather data and maximum plant available water (PAW), estimated from soil type and rooting data, were used to assess drought. A reasonable correlation between estimated and measured soil moisture was achieved. In the dry year, drought days explained differences in yield between the clayey and the sandy soil, but yield was better explained directly by maximum PAW, elevation, clay content and soil electrical conductivity (SEC). Yield correlated significantly with SEC and elevation within the sandy soil in the dry year and within the clayey soil in the wet year, probably due to water and nitrogen limitation respectively. Dense SEC, elevation and yield data were therefore used to divide the field into management zones representing different risk levels for drought and waterlogging. These could be used as a decision support tool for site-specific N fertilization, since both drought and waterlogging affect N fertilization demand. 相似文献
8.
Site-specific management zones based on the Rasch model and geostatistical techniques 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Delineation of management zones (MZ), i.e. areas within the field which represent subfield regions of similar production potential, is the first stage to implement site-specific management. During the last years different algorithms have been proposed to define MZ, with different results. In this work, the use of an objective method, the formulation of the Rasch model, which synthesizes data with different units into a uniform analytical framework, is considered to get representative measures of soil fertility potential which could be used to delimit MZ.To illustrate the method, a case study was conducted in a experimental field using five soil properties: clay, sand and silt content, and deep (ECd) and shallow (ECs) soil apparent electrical conductivity (approximately 0-90 and 0-30 cm depths, respectively). Two main results were obtained after applying this method: (1) a classification of all locations according to the soil fertility potential, which was the value of the Rasch measure and (2) the influence on the soil fertility of each individual soil property, being ECs the most influential and silt content the less influential property.Later, from the measures of soil fertility potential at sampled points, estimates were carried out using the ordinary kriging technique. Consequently, kriged estimates were utilized to map soil fertility potential and MZ were delimited using an equal-size classification method, which practically coincided with the MZ determined by a unsupervised classification.It is also shown the possibility of using probability maps to delimit MZ or provide information for hazard assessment of soil fertility in a field. 相似文献
9.
T. Kyaw R. B. Ferguson V. I. Adamchuk D. B. Marx D. D. Tarkalson D. L. McCallister 《Precision Agriculture》2008,9(1-2):71-84
Iron chlorosis can limit crop yield, especially on calcareous soil. Typical management for iron chlorosis includes the use of iron fertilizers or chlorosis tolerant cultivars. Calcareous and non-calcareous soil can be interspersed within fields. If chlorosis-prone areas within fields can be predicted accurately, site-specific use of iron fertilizers and chlorosis-tolerant cultivars might be more profitable than uniform management. In this study, the use of vegetation indices (VI) derived from aerial imagery, on-the-go measurement of soil pH and apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) were evaluated for their potential to delineate chlorosis management zones. The study was conducted at six sites in 2004 and 2005. There was a significant statistical relationship between grain yield and selected properties at two sites (sites 1 (2005) and 3), moderate relationships at sites 2 and 4, and weak relationships at site 5. For sites 1 (2005) and 3, and generally across all sites, yield was predicted best with the combination of NDVI and deep ECa. These two properties were used to delineate chlorosis management zones for all sites. Sites 1 and 3 showed a good relationship between delineated zones and the selected properties, and would be good candidates for site-specific chlorosis management. For site 5, differences in the properties between mapped zones were small, and the zones had weak relationships to yield. This site would be a poor candidate for site-specific chlorosis management. Based on this study, the delineation of chlorosis management zones from aerial imagery combined with soil ECa appears to be a useful tool for the site-specific management of iron chlorosis. 相似文献
10.
Fusion of different data layers, such as data from soil analysis and proximal soil sensing, is essential to improve assessment of spatial variation in soil and yield. On-line visible and near infrared (Vis–NIR) spectroscopy have been proved to provide high resolution information about spatial variability of key soil properties. Multivariate geostatistics tools were successfully implemented for the delineation of management zones (MZs) for precision application of crop inputs. This research was conducted in a 18 ha field to delineate MZs, using a multi-source data set, which consisted of eight laboratory measured soil variables (pH, available phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), exchangeable potassium (K), sand, silt) and four on-line collected Vis–NIR spectra-based predicted soil variables (pH, P, K and moisture content). The latter set of data was predicted using the partial least squares regression (PLSR) technique. The quality of the calibration models was evaluated by cross-validation. Multi-collocated cokriging was applied to the soil and spectral data set to produce thematic spatial maps, whereas multi-collocated factor cokriging was applied to delineate MZ. The Vis–NIR predicted K was chosen as the exhaustive variable, because it was the most correlated with the soil variables. A yield map of barley was interpolated by means of the inverse distance weighting method and was then classified into 3 iso-frequency classes (low, medium and high). To assess the productivity potential of the different zones of the field, spatial association between MZs and yield classes was calculated. Results showed that the prediction performance of PLSR calibration models for pH, P, MC and K were of excellent to moderate quality. The geostatistical model revealed good performance. The estimates of the first regionalised factor produced three MZs of equal size in the studied field. The loading coefficients for TC, pH and TN of the first factor were highest and positive. This means that the first factor can be assumed as a synthetic indicator of soil fertility. The overall spatial association between the yield classes and MZs was about 40 %, which reveals that more than 50 % of the yield variation can be attributed to more dynamic factors than soil parameters, such as agro-meteorological conditions, plant diseases and nutrition stresses. Nevertheless, multivariate geostatistics proved to be an effective approach for site-specific management of agricultural fields. 相似文献
11.
Within-field variability of plant-available nutrients often results in different fertilizer requirements across a field. There is uncertainty concerning the efficacy of alternative sampling strategies suitable for site-specific management. This study compared various soil sampling approaches for P, K, pH, and organic matter (OM) in eight agricultural fields. Soil samples were collected using an intensive 0.2-ha grid-point procedure, and were used to compare less intensive sampling approaches. The approaches were based on 1.2–1.6-ha grid cells (Grid), soil series of digitized soil survey maps (SSM), soil series of detailed soil survey (1:12,000 scale) maps, elevation zones, and management zones based on various information layers (ZS). The approaches varied in reducing the within-unit soil-test variability and maximizing mean soil-test values across sampling units, but none was superior across all fields and nutrients. All approaches were less efficient for P and K than for pH or OM. The Grid and ZS approach were the most effective across all nutrients and fields. However, the Grid approach was more effective for P, the Grid and ZS approaches were better for K and pH, and the SSM and ZS approaches were better for OM. The ZS approach often resulted in fewer sampling zones than the Grid approach, which implies lower soil testing costs for producers, but required more knowledge and subjective judgement than a Grid approach to adapt it to field-specific conditions. 相似文献
12.
Site specific information was acquired on a Belgian field during harvest in two consecutive years. Grain yield was recorded with previously developed sensors. At the same time, grain protein and moisture content were determined at different locations in the field. The first aim of this study was the mapping of grain moisture and protein content in order to determine the amount of variation within one field. Secondly, yield and quality maps were compared to each other and studied for relationships between the different parameters for different parts (growing conditions) of the field. Finally, these relationships were used to delineate different fertilisation zones in the field. A variation in moisture content of over 7% existed in the field in both years. Also for the protein content a variation of more then 4% was noticed. Variation in protein content varied from one year to another, possibly due to different weather conditions. Consequently, only 2% of the area of the field could be classified being over-fertilised. 相似文献
13.
Identification and characterization of yield limiting factors based on multi-year yield maps is important for delineating field management zones. Multi-year yield maps were derived from satellite images of a paddy-rice (Oryza sativa L.) study site with a conventional two-cropping system in central Taiwan. Spatiotemporal yield-trend maps with consistently high, average and low yields, and inconsistent yield areas were delineated based on temporal variation and the means of the normalized yields on a per pixel basis. Soil and plant samples were collected and grouped for statistical analysis based on the derived yield-trend maps. Comparison of soil properties and rice yield components among yield classes indicated that differences in leaching loss of basal and top-dressed N fertilizers were the likely limiting factor affecting the spatial variation of yield within the study site. 相似文献
14.
The economics of harvesting wheat based on input management zones in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia was studied
using a simulated field of regular dimensions with varying zone sizes and layouts. Fertilizer application rates and crop yield
and quality data from field trials of input management were used to estimate the gross crop revenue and harvesting costs from
the different field layouts and zone combinations. As a general observation there was no consistency in the results; harvesting
by zone generated more gross income in some combinations of field layout and yield quantity scenarios, but not in others.
However, there were key factors in determining whether it was profitable to harvest by zone. These were prior knowledge of
the potential yield and quality characteristics of grain from each zone in a field, and the layout of zones within a field. 相似文献
15.
吉林省不同生态区玉米施磷的增产效应差异 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
【目的】明确吉林省玉米施用磷肥的增产效应在生态区及县域尺度上的差异,为优化区域磷肥的施用与配置,实现粮食进一步增产和提高磷肥效率提供依据。【方法】选取2005—2013年吉林省玉米"3414"田间试验中不施磷和推荐施磷处理数据,通过分析区域与县域尺度的作物产量反应、磷肥的农学利用率和肥料贡献率等指标,评估不同生态区玉米施用磷肥的增产效应及其差异。另外,通过建立不施磷处理玉米产量与施磷处理产量、磷肥贡献率的关系,分析不同生态区土壤基础供磷能力的差异对玉米施磷增产效应的影响。【结果】施用磷肥对保障吉林省玉米高产具有重要作用,东部湿润山区、中部半湿润平原区和西部半干旱平原区玉米施磷后分别增产1.4 t·hm~(-2)(18.4%)、1.2 t·hm~(-2)(14.5%)和1.7 t·hm~(-2)(24.7%)。当前推荐施磷条件下,东、中、西部生态区玉米施用磷肥的平均农学利用率分别为23.2、17.5和24.1 kg·kg~(-1),而平均肥料贡献率分别为14.6%、11.9%和18.3%。统计分析结果显示,西部地区玉米施磷的增产效果和肥料贡献率高于东、中部地区,而农学利用率东部地区低于中、西部地区。回归分析结果显示,各生态区玉米施磷产量与基础产量之间存在正相关关系,均符合显著的线性模型,东部地区为y=0.855x+2605(R~2=0.697**),中部地区为y=0.846x+2658(R~2=0.739**),西部地区为y=0.761x+3545(R~2=0.623**)。各生态区玉米的磷肥贡献率与基础产量之间均存在负相关关系,均符合显著的对数模型,东部地区为y=-21.8 ln(x)+211.7(R~2=0.248**),中部地区为y=-18.8 ln(x)+183.3(R~2=0.230**),西部地区为y=-26.7 ln(x)+257.4(R~2=0.342**)。随着土壤基础供磷能力的提升,西部地区玉米施磷产量的增幅和肥料贡献率的降幅较东、中部地区更为明显。【结论】不同生态区的自然环境特点和土壤地力条件显著影响了玉米的磷肥增产效应,生产中应根据区域磷素供应能力和施磷反应特征合理配置和施用磷肥。相比东、中部地区,吉林省西部地区农田的基础磷素供应能力偏低,因而其玉米施磷的增产效应较高,该地区需重视磷肥的科学管理和调控,同时结合其他栽培管理措施以协同提高产量水平和肥料效率。 相似文献
16.
Much research has focused on the use of intensive grid soil sampling and yield monitors to identify within-field spatial variability in precision farming. This paper reports on the use of airborne videography to identify spatial plant growth patterns for grain sorghum. Color-infrared (CIR) digital video images were acquired from two grain sorghum fields in south Texas several times during the 1995 and 1996 growing seasons. The video images were registered, and classified into several zones of homogeneous spectral response using an unsupervised classification procedure. Ground truthing was performed upon a limited number of sites within each zone to determine plant density, plant height, leaf area index, biomass, and grain yield. Results from both years showed that the digital video imagery identified within-field plant growth variability and that classification maps effectively differentiated grain production levels and growth conditions within the two fields. A temporal comparison of the images and classification maps indicated that plant growth patterns differed somewhat between the two successive growing seasons, though areas exhibiting consistently high or low yield were identified within each field. 相似文献
17.
R. Khosla D. Inman D. G. Westfall R. M. Reich M. Frasier M. Mzuku B. Koch A. Hornung 《Precision Agriculture》2008,9(1-2):85-100
Researchers from Colorado State University, in collaboration with scientists from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), initiated a long-term multi-disciplinary study in precision agriculture in 1997. Site-specific management zones (SSMZ) were investigated as a means of improving nitrogen management in irrigated maize cropping systems. The objective was to develop precise nutrient management strategies for semi-arid irrigated cropping systems. This study was conducted in five fields in northeastern Colorado, USA. Two techniques for delineating management zones were developed and compared: SSMZ and yield-based management zones (YBMZ). Nitrogen uptake and grain yield differences among SSMZs were compared as were soil properties. Both management zone techniques were used to divide fields into smaller units that were different with regard to productivity potential (e.g., high zones had high productivity potential while low zones had low productivity potential). Economic analysis was also performed. Based on grain yield productivity, the SSMZs performed better than the YBMZ technique in most cases. Grain yield and N uptake between the low and high productivity management zones were statistically different for most site-years and N fertilizer rates (p < 0.05). Soil properties helped to explain the productivity potential of the management zones. The low SSMZ was markedly different from the high SSMZ based on bulk density, organic carbon, sand, silt, porosity and soil moisture. Net returns ranged from 188 to 679 USD ha?1. In two out of three site-years the variable yield goal strategy resulted in the largest net returns. In this study, the SSMZ approach delineates areas of different productivity accurately across the agricultural fields. The SSMZs are different with regard to soil properties as well as grain yield and N uptake. Site-specific management zones are an inexpensive and pragmatic approach to precise N management in irrigated maize. 相似文献
18.
Antoni Magri Harold M. Van Es Michael A. Glos William J. Cox 《Precision Agriculture》2005,6(1):87-110
Several potential sources of information exist to support precision management of crop inputs. This study evaluated soil test data, bare-soil remote sensing imagery and yield monitor information for their potential contributions to precision management of maize (Zea mays L.). Data were collected from five farmer-managed fields in Central New York in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Geostatistical techniques were used to analyze the spatial structure of soil fertility (pH, P, K, NO3 and organic matter content) and yield variables (yield, hybrid response and N fertilization response), while remote sensing imagery was processed using principal component analysis. Geographic information system (GIS) spatial data processing and correlation analyses were used to evaluate relationships in the data. Organic matter content, pH, P, and K were highly consistent over time and showed high to moderate levels of spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that grid soil sampling at 2.5–5.5ha scale may be used as a basis for defining fertility management zones. Soil nitrate levels were strongly influenced by seasonal weather conditions and showed low potential for site-specific N management. Aerial image data were correlated to soil organic matter content and in some cases to yield, mainly through the effect of drainage patterns. Aerial image data were not well correlated with soil fertility indicators, and therefore were not useful for defining fertility management zones. Yield response to hybrid selection and nitrogen fertilization rates were highly variable among years, and showed little justification for site-specific management. In conclusion, we recommend grid-based management of lime, P, and K, but no justification existed within our limited study area for site-specific N or hybrid management. 相似文献
19.
Timely and accurate information on crop conditions obtained during the growing season is of vital importance for crop management.
High spatial resolution satellite imagery has the potential for mapping crop growth variability and identifying problem areas
within fields. The objectives of this study were to use QuickBird satellite imagery for mapping plant growth and yield patterns
within grain sorghum fields as compared with airborne multispectral image data. A QuickBird 2.8-m four-band image covering
a cropping area in south Texas, USA was acquired in the 2003 growing season. Airborne three-band imagery with submeter resolution
was also collected from two grain sorghum fields within the satellite scene. Yield monitor data collected from the two fields
were resampled to match the resolutions of the airborne imagery and the satellite imagery. The airborne imagery was related
to yield at original submeter, 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions and the QuickBird imagery was related to yield at 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions.
The extracted QuickBird images for the two fields were then classified into multiple zones using unsupervised classification
and mean yields among the zones were compared. Results showed that grain yield was significantly related to both types of
image data and that the QuickBird imagery had similar correlations with grain yield as compared with the airborne imagery
at the 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions. Moreover, the unsupervised classification maps effectively differentiated grain production
levels among the zones. These results indicate that high spatial resolution satellite imagery can be a useful data source
for determining plant growth and yield patterns for within-field crop management. 相似文献
20.
Investment in precision farming technologies can be expensive and is not expected to be cost-effective for every farm. Previous research and farm experience has shown that the amount of soil variability across a farm and within a field is of key importance for determining potential benefits from the adoption of precision farming. The research reported here evaluates the analysis of yield map sequences and electromagnetic induction (EMI) soil sensing as potentially cost-effective methods for identifying and mapping soil-determined management zones within fields. Both methods are shown to provide useful information for the provisional delineation of soil type boundaries and crop management zones, though soil examination in the field is still necessary to confirm specific soil characteristics. 相似文献