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1.
黄芩多糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本试验旨在探讨黄芩多糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响.选择240只1日龄的爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20只鸡,分别在基础饲粮中添加0、100、200和400mg/kg黄芩多糖提取物.试验期为49 d.测定各组生长性能、免疫器官指标和免疫球蛋白指标.结果表明:200mg/kg添加组可显著提高肉仔鸡49日龄平均体重、平均日增重并降低料重比(P<0.05),对胸腺指数和法氏囊指数的影响显著(P<0.05);21日龄时,100mg/kg添加组对法氏囊指数影响显著(P<0.05),对肉仔鸡全期的血清免疫球蛋白水平的影响不显著(P>0.05).由此可知,饲粮中添加适量的黄芩多糖在一定程度上可以提高肉仔鸡的生长性能,促进免疫器官的发育和提高免疫功能,其中200 mg/kg添加量较好. 相似文献
2.
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(9)
本试验旨在研究富锗酵母培养物对下笼蛋鸡肉品质及肠道的影响。选取505日龄健康的海兰褐壳蛋鸡480只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加12、16、20 mg/kg的富锗酵母菌培养物。预试期7 d,正试期为42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肉的蒸煮损失分别降低45.2%、33.6%、39.7%(P<0.01),pH均高于对照组(P<0.01);16mg/kg组腿肌的亮度(L~*)低于对照组(P<0.05);12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肌的剪切力分别比对照组低44.13%、56.07%、50.60%(P<0.01);各试验组胸肌pH均高于对照组(P<0.01),16mg/kg组的pH高于12、20mg/kg组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,16mg/kg组乳酸菌数量升高(P<0.05);空肠中,各试验组的绒毛长度高于对照组(P<0.01);16、20 mg/kg组绒毛长度/隐窝深度高于对照组(P<0.01)。结果显示,日粮中添加富锗酵母培养物可以改善下笼蛋鸡小肠的形态结构和肠道菌群平衡,提高鸡肉品质,建议添加量为16 mg/kg。 相似文献
3.
文章旨在研究牛膝多糖对雏鸡免疫功能的影响。试验将120只1日龄雏鸡随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡（公母各半）。在常规饲料中分别添加200、150、100、0 mg/kg牛膝多糖。所用雏鸡连续饲喂至30日龄,每组取10只进行取样。计算动物机体免疫器官指数,MTT检测T细胞增殖活性,Griess检测巨噬细胞释放NO能力,ELISA检测血清总IgG水平。结果表明,在雏鸡饲料中添加中剂量（150 mg/kg）的牛膝多糖能显著提高雏鸡免疫器官指数、T细胞增殖活性、巨噬细胞释放NO能力和血清总IgG水平（P <0.05）。结论 ：牛膝多糖在一定程度上对雏鸡的免疫功能具有增强作用,从而提高机体抗病能力,饲料中牛膝多糖最适添加量为150 mg/kg。 相似文献
4.
为探讨山豆根多糖(SSP)对鸡免疫功能及体内抗氧化能力的影响,将山豆根多糖分别按50、100、200 mg/kg体重对14日龄公鸡胸部肌肉注射,在21、28、35、42日龄分别测定了鸡血浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总抗氧化力(TAOC)、丙二醛(MDA)水平、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和一氧化氮(NO)的水平及鸡胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数。结果表明,鸡28日龄时,50～200 mg/kg山豆根多糖能显著提高鸡血浆中还原型谷胱甘肽水平(P0.05,P0.01);鸡35日龄时,50 mg/kg山豆根多糖能显著提高鸡的胸腺指数(P0.05),100 mg/kg山豆根多糖组鸡血浆中SOD活性极显著升高(P0.01),200 mg/kg山豆根多糖组鸡血浆NO水平显著升高(P0.01);鸡42日龄时,50 mg/kg山豆根多糖能显著提高鸡脾脏指数和法氏囊指数(P0.05),100 mg/kg山豆根多糖组鸡血浆中MDA水平极显著升高(P0.01)。提示山豆根多糖能够促进鸡免疫器官发育,并对鸡体内活性氧水平具有调节作用。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究VE水平和免疫应激对雏鸡血浆中皮质酮浓度的影响。采用3×3因子设计,3个日粮处理组,3个免疫应激处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复12只鸡,共计540只鸡。3个日粮处理组分别为对照组（VE=0 IU/kg）、添加40 IU/kg VE组和添加100 IU/kg VE组。常规免疫3种处理方式分别为5日龄首免、8日龄首免和11日龄首免,疫苗种类和后续时间间隔均相同。试验中期,每只鸡腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖（LPS）0.05 mg。结果表明,VE水平显著影响血浆皮质酮的浓度。 相似文献
7.
米糠多糖对健康雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化和体液免疫的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨米糠多糖对鸡免疫功能的影响,选用100只10日龄京白939蛋雏鸡,随机平均分为4组。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组从10日龄起分别灌服低、中、高3个剂量米糠多糖(50、100和200mg/(kg.d)),每天一次性灌服规定剂量,连续5d;Ⅰ组同时灌服生理盐水作为对照,1mL/只。在灌服米糠多糖前1d和灌服后7、14和21d,分别测定雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化能力和血清IgG、IgA和IgM含量。在雏鸡14日龄时,对照组和米糠多糖处理组均实施新城疫(ND)疫苗免疫,间隔1周后进行禽流感(AI)疫苗免疫。分别在ND疫苗和AI疫苗免疫前1d和免疫后7、14和21d测定ND抗体和AI抗体效价。结果显示:(1)雏鸡灌服3个不同剂量米糠多糖后的7、14和21d,外周血T淋巴细胞转化能力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),且以100mg/(kg.d)剂量组效果最好。(2)雏鸡服用3个剂量组米糠多糖后7、14和21d,血清IgG含量均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);血清中IgA含量,在14d时,低剂量组与对照组无显著差异,中、高剂量组显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);IgM含量在灌服米糠多糖后7d时,Ⅳ组高与对照组无差异(P>0.05);14d时,Ⅲ组与对照组无差异(P>0.05);米糠多糖其他剂量组在7和14d,血清IgM含量均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);21d时,米糠多糖处理组与对照组比较无显著差异。(3)雏鸡服用米糠多糖可以提高ND疫苗和AI疫苗免疫后的特异性抗体效价,且免疫效果与米糠多糖剂量呈正相关。试验结果表明,米糠多糖能够从促进蛋雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化功能、提高血清免疫球蛋白含量以及提高疫苗免疫特异性抗体效价等方面调节健康雏鸡的免疫功能。 相似文献
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9.
试验旨在研究野菊花多糖对雏鸡血清新城疫抗体水平的影响.将500只7日龄雏鸡滴鼻接种新城疫活疫苗,随机分为5个试验组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只鸡.1～4组(CP-1、CP-5、CP-10、CP-20)雏鸡分别颈部皮下注射1、5、10 mg/mL和20 mg/mL野菊花多糖0.5 mL,每日1次,连续3d.5组为空白组,用生理盐水进行注射.28日龄,各组雏鸡二次接种新城疫油疫苗,同时按照7日龄时的处理方式给雏鸡注射野菊花多糖和生理盐水.在第1次接种后的0、7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56 d和63 d,每组随机选择20只鸡(每重复2只)进行心脏采血并制备血清,用以分析血清新城疫抗体滴度.结果表明,与对照组相比,第一次接种疫苗14d后,CP-5、CP-10组和CP-20组雏鸡新城疫抗体滴度均显著提高(P≤0.05),CP-1组雏鸡新城疫抗体滴度在接种后21 d显著提高(P≤0.05).另外,试验发现随着野菊花多糖剂量的增加,各试验组雏鸡新城疫抗体水平均显著提高(P≤0.05),当注射浓度超过10 mg/mL时,这种促进作用不再随浓度的增加而显著提高(P>0.05).由此可见,野菊花多糖能够促使雏鸡较早产生特异性抗体并使之维持更长时间,提高疫苗的免疫效果,最佳使用浓度为10 mg/mL. 相似文献
10.
选取1日龄罗曼蛋雏鸡160只,采取单因子设计的方法,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只.试验期5周.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂分别添加500mg/kg、1500 mg/kg、2500 mg/kg大蒜多糖的基础日粮,旨在研究大蒜多糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响.结果 表明:基础日粮中添加1500mg/kg、2500 mg/kg的大蒜多糖可使蛋雏鸡平均日增重分别提高12.4%、15.7%;脾脏指数分别提高27.4%、27.9%;胸腺指数分别提高22.4%、25.3%;法氏囊指数分别提高28.6%、27.4%;IgA分别提高12.4%、10.7%;IgM分别提高10.5%、8.4%;IgG分别提高12.9%、12.3%.结论:大蒜多糖能够提高蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能,添加浓度以1500 mg/kg^2500 mg/kg为宜. 相似文献
11.
Supranutritional selenium level affects fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of chicken breast muscle tissue 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pappas AC Zoidis E Papadomichelakis G Fegeros K 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(3):385-394
A total of 128 broilers were used to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative stability of lipids in the breast muscle tissue. There were 4 replicates of 4 dietary treatments: T1 (basal diet with no added Se), T2 (T1 with 0.15 mg Se added per kg diet), T3 (T1 with 0.3 mg Se added per kg diet) and T4 (T1 with 3.0 mg Se added per kg diet). A yeast source was used for added Se. Breast muscle tissue was collected from two chickens per replicate pen for the determination of Se concentration by ICP-MS, FA profile by GC and lipid oxidation using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. Addition of supranutritional Se levels to chicken diets leads to the production of Se-enriched meat. Consumption of 100 g of breast meat from chickens fed diets supplemented with 0.15, 0.3 and 3 mg Se per kg of diet can provide 26, 41 and 220 μg of Se, respectively. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids namely C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 increased linearly (p = 0.047, p < 0.001, p = 0.023, p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively) as the Se inclusion levels in the diets increased. At slaughter, a linear decrease in lipid oxidation (p = 0.019) was observed with Se addition, possibly attributed to the antioxidant properties of Se. Addition of supranutritional Se to chicken diets, at levels well below those causing toxicity, leads to production of Se-enriched meat, protection of health-promoting long-chain FA like C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 and protection of meat quality from oxidation at day 1 after slaughter. 相似文献
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100只13日龄白来航雏鸡随机分为5组,每组20只鸡,第1～4组为试验组,第5组为对照组,通过口腔灌服途径,给试验组鸡不同剂量的双氯芬酸(2.5 mg/kg、3.5 mg/kg、4.5 mg/kg、7.5 mg/kg体重),喂药后24 h、48 h、72 h观察鸡的临床症状、病理组织学变化及临床病理学指标(血清尿酸(UA)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清K+、Na+、Ca2+、Cl和pH值等)检测,以阐明双氯芬酸的毒性作用.结果表明:给予7.5 mg/kg体重剂量的药物对雏鸡产生毒性作用,20只鸡中有4只鸡发生死亡,剖检发现有明显的内脏型痛风的病理变化,显微镜观察,肾小管内有尿酸盐沉积、肾小管坏死等病理变化,在肾、肝和脾脏中可见痛风石形成.在喂药后24 h,鸡血尿酸水平显著升高,BUN浓度也升高.其他试验组没有明显的变化.结论:双氯芬酸通过对肾脏的损伤作用,诱导鸡发生内脏型痛风. 相似文献
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为探讨合成鱼腥草素对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫增强效果的影响,本试验将160只7日龄非免疫健康雏鸡随机分为空白对照组和低、中、高3个剂量组,各组用NDV La Sota株弱毒活疫苗进行初免,2周后加强免疫1次,并在第2次免疫的当天灌胃给药,3个剂量组分别以50、100和150 mg/kg的剂量灌服合成鱼腥草素,连续给药7 d,空白对照组灌服等量的生理盐水.各组分别于初免后的14、21、28和35 d随机抽取8只鸡,测定其免疫器官指数,血清中IFN-γ、IL-2和IL-4的含量及新城疫抗体的效价.结果表明,不同剂量的合成鱼腥草素均能不同程度地提高肉鸡免疫器官指数、细胞因子和抗体滴度的水平,其中以中剂量(100 mg/kg)效果最明显. 相似文献
14.
中药复方散剂对肉鸡生长及鸡新城疫灭活油苗免疫效果的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将玉屏风散、十全大补汤、六味地黄丸三个中药复方散剂分别按1%剂量添加到科宝快大型白鸡日粮中, 于雏鸡14日龄, 按0.5 ml/只剂量肩部肌肉注射鸡新城疫灭活油乳剂疫苗, 即日起饲喂上述饲料, 并按40 mg/kg剂量胸肌注射环磷酰胺,每天1次, 连续3天; 免疫后第10天、 20天、 30天采血检测鸡新城疫HI抗体效价,观测鸡增重情况,免疫后第15天、 25天检测血清总蛋白含量.实验结果表明,玉屏风散、六味地黄丸能显著提高鸡新城疫HI抗体效价(P<0.05),十全大补汤的作用不明显;玉屏风散、十全大补汤能显著增加肉鸡体重(P<0.05),六味地黄丸的作用不明显,实验组鸡死亡率均降低;玉屏风散、十全大补汤能显著提高血清总蛋白含量(P<0.05),六味地黄丸的作用不明显. 相似文献
15.
Disposition of sodium salicylate,flunixin and meloxicam after intravenous administration in broiler chickens 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [sodium salicylate, flunixin (FLU) and meloxicam (MEL)] were administered intravenously to broiler chickens. Plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography methods and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. After intravenous administration of sodium salicylate (50 mg/kg), FLU (1.1 mg/kg) and MEL (0.5 mg/kg), these drugs were eliminated from plasma with a mean half-life of 04.04, 05.45 and 03.20 h, respectively. Apparent volumes of distribution (0.39, 0.08 and 0.12 L/kg, respectively) indicated that tissue distribution was limited for the three drugs. Total body clearance was 70 mL/h.kg for sodium salicylate and 10 and 25 mL/kg.h for FLU and MEL, respectively. Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters these NSAIDs may offer possibilities for treatment of various conditions in chickens. 相似文献
16.
Analytical methods were introduced for the determination of residues of ectoparasiticides containing pyrethroid and organophosphate active ingredients in foods. Milk and edible tissues of cows treated with three experimental ectoparasiticides (containing cypermethrin + diazinon, deltamethrin + diazinon and alphamethrin + diazinon, respectively) were assayed for the presence of active ingredient residues. Synthetic pyrethroid residues were not detected in any of the samples processed. Diazinon residues could only be detected in milk samples taken on the first day after treatment (0.005-0.025 mg/kg) and in liver and fat tissue samples taken on the day of slaughtering (0.12 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively). Permethrin and propetamphos residues were determined in the skin, meat and liver of chickens kept on 'Blotic-B' treated litter and in eggs collected at different times after the treatment of layer houses. Permethrin residues could not be detected in any of the samples (< 0.01 mg/kg). Meat and fat tissues of chickens slaughtered on the day after treatment contained small amounts of propetamphos (0.003 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively). In the case of chickens kept on the treated litter and slaughtered after one week, active ingredient was not detected in meat, but 0.006 mg/kg propetamphos was present in the fat. The residue content of other samples (liver, egg) was below the detection limit of the applied method at all sampling times. From the food toxicological point of view these pesticide combinations can be used safely if the recommended withdrawal period is observed between ectoparasiticide administration and slaughter. 相似文献
17.
Effect of different levels of copper nanoparticles and copper sulphate on performance,metabolism and blood biochemical profiles in broiler chicken 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. Scott K. P. Vadalasetty M. Łukasiewicz S. Jaworski M. Wierzbicki A. Chwalibog E. Sawosz 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e364-e373
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of copper administration in ovo to chicken embryos and/or supplied in drinking water to growing chickens in the form copper nanoparticles (Cu‐NP) or copper sulphate (CuSO4). The fertilised eggs were assigned to three groups (n = 50 per group): control (not injected), injected with 50 mg/kg Cu‐NP or with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 at day 1 of incubation. Thereafter, 126 one‐day‐old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to seven post‐hatched groups: control not injected and not provided with Cu in the drinking water, injected with 50 mg/kg Cu‐NP + 20 mg/kg in water, not injected + 20 mg/kg Cu‐NP in water, injected with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 + 20 mg/kg in water, not injected + 20 mg/kg CuSO4 in water, injected with 50 mg/kg Cu‐NP and injected with 50 mg/kg CuSO4. The experiment was carried out from day 1 to 35 post‐hatching. The in ovo injection of Cu improved the final body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in relation to the control group. Conversely, the provision of Cu in the drinking water had less of an effect on growth performance in comparison with the injected groups. A significant improvement was shown in energy and nitrogen utilisation, being better for Cu‐NP than CuSO4. The cholesterol, urea and glucose levels in the blood were reduced by Cu‐NP treatment in relation to the other groups. The relative weight of the liver was decreased, while bursa of Fabricius was increased in Cu groups in relation to the control group. Cu excretion was only reduced in chickens injected with 50 mg/kg Cu‐NP + 20 mg/kg in water. The immune‐related genes were not affected by the treatments. The in ovo injection of Cu‐NP might improve broiler performance more efficiently than the injection of CuSO4 or the provision of Cu‐NP and/or CuSO4 in drinking water. 相似文献
18.
试验选择5周龄临床健康的贵妃鸡90只,随机分为3个处理,分别在基础日粮中添加0、500、1500 mg/kg的杜仲素,每个处理设5个重复,每个重复6只贵妃鸡,试验期7周。结果表明,杜仲素试验组贵妃鸡的料重比分别比对照组降低4.77%(P>0.05)和6.72%(P<0.05);日粮中添加1500 mg/kg杜仲素能显著提高贵妃鸡α-醋酸萘酯酶阳性细胞数量（ANAE+）百分率与外周血淋巴细胞转化率;显著促进脾脏发育;试验组贵妃鸡血清新城疫抗体滴度与IgG含量有升高的趋势(P>0.05)。 相似文献
19.
The effect of administration of copper nanoparticles to chickens in their drinking water on the immune and antioxidant status of the blood 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Katarzyna Ognik Iwona Sembratowicz Ewelina Cholewińska Jan Jankowski Krzysztof Kozłowski Jerzy Juśkiewicz Zenon Zduńczyk 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(3):579-588
The aim of this experiment was to determine what dosage of copper (Cu) nanoparticles, added to a standard dietary supplementation with copper sulfate, would improve antioxidant and immune defense in chickens. The experiment was conducted with 126 broiler chickens assigned to seven treatments with three pens per treatment and six broiler chickens per pen. The basal‐diet treatment did not receive Cu nanoparticles (nano‐Cu) and as shown by analyses it was Cu‐deficient (?29% vs. National Research Council (NRC) recommendations; 5.7 vs. 8 mg/kg). Broiler chickens received nano‐Cu (0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg body weight per day) via a tube into the crop over three 3‐day periods (days 8–10, 22–24 and 36–38) or three 7‐day periods (days 8–14, 22–28 and 36–42). As a result, in the nano‐Cu‐treated broilers the total experimental Cu intake was from ?11% to +96% versus NRC recommendations. At the age of 42 days of broilers, their blood indices were determined. The obtained results showed that correction of the deficient basal diet of chickens with nano‐Cu to a level of copper exceeding the NRC recommendation by 54% increased the antioxidant potential of the organism and inhibited lipid peroxidation. At the dosage of +96% versus NRC, some symptoms of a deterioration in antioxidant status appeared (a decrease in the level of glutathione plus glutathione disulfide and an increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase and ceruloplasmin activity and in lipid hydroperoxide content). Additionally, +7% versus the recommended Cu dietary level was followed by unfavorable results, indicating a deterioration in red blood cell parameters and stimulation of the immune system (an increase in interleukin‐6, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM and IgY). To conclude, it was shown that it is possible to simultaneously increase antioxidant and immune defense of chickens by supplementing their diets with nano‐Cu – up to 12 mg per bird during 6 weeks of feeding, that is to a level no more than 7% over the NRC recommendation for growing broiler chickens. 相似文献
20.
Infections of chickens with Escherichia coli serotypeO78 can be treated with the antibiotic sarafloxacin. Three experiments were conducted on the administration of this drug to chickens that had been experimentally infected with E. coli. The birds were monitored for 10 days after infection for their average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the post-mortem pathology was assessed. In the first experiment, sarafloxacin (20 mg/L, equivalent to 5 mg/kg live weight per day), given in the drinking water for 3 days after infection, led to a reduction in the mortality from 75% to 27%, but the ADG of the treated birds was still less than that of the uninfected controls. In the second experiment, when the sarafloxacin was administered at the same dose in the water but over only 2 h, there was also a considerable reduction in mortality, and the ADG and the FCR also improved significantly. In the third experiment, the dose dependence of the drug was tested. The birds were given 5 and 10 mg/kg per day sarafloxacin in each group, starting within 2 h after infection. This rapid administration of the drug completely prevented mortality, while the ADG and FCR were similar to those of the uninfected controls. 相似文献