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2011年4月-2012年3月,通过对北京市房山区、大兴区、怀柔区、通州区和密云县的奶牛养殖进行现场调研,采集新鲜粪样3000份,用饱和盐水漂浮法和水洗沉淀法对粪样进行了定性检查,用麦克马斯特计数法对线虫卵和球虫卵囊进行了定量检查。在粪样中没有检出吸虫卵;线虫卵感染率为6.37%,感染强度(EPG)在100～750之间,平均感染强度为206,并在秋季出现一个高峰;球虫卵囊感染率为46.03%,感染强度(OPG)在100～7250之间,平均感染强度为748,并在夏季出现一个高峰。结果表明,北京地区奶牛消化道寄生虫中,球虫卵囊阳性率较高,线虫卵阳性率相对较低,没有吸虫卵。有一定的季节性动态变化。 相似文献
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为了解四川某奶牛场奶牛寄生虫感染情况,进而制订合理有效的防治措施,本调查对该场奶牛粪样做了寄生虫检查。采集了犊牛、育成牛、泌乳牛的新鲜粪样共90份,分别采用饱和盐水漂浮法、离心沉淀法和斯陶尔氏计数法对粪样中虫卵进行定性检查和定量检查。结果显示,在粪样中检出了球虫卵囊、线虫卵、吸虫卵和绦虫卵,其中球虫卵囊的阳性率为14.44%(13/90),线虫卵的阳性率为57.78%(52/90),绦虫卵和吸虫卵只在泌乳牛的粪样中检出,泌乳牛阳性率分别为2%(1/50)、12%(6/50)。该奶牛场混合感染率为33.33%(18/54)。结果表明,该奶牛场寄生虫感染普遍,总感染率为60%(54/90),主要为线虫,其次是球虫和吸虫,混合感染情况普遍。 相似文献
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四川省某养麝场林麝内寄生虫感染情况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国预防兽医学报》2015,(5)
为了解川西北地区圈养林麝内寄生虫感染情况,本研究采用饱和食盐水离心漂浮法和贝尔曼法对四川省某养麝场204份林麝粪便样品进行寄生虫虫卵(或卵囊)和幼虫的检测分析。结果显示:粪便样品中检测到6种(类)寄生虫虫卵(或卵囊)和幼虫,总阳性率为57.84%。其中,球虫阳性率最高,达31.37%,OPG值为1 200~62 800;毛首线虫(鞭虫)阳性率次之,为30.88%,EPG值为200~1 100;而肺线虫(网尾属)幼虫、乳突类圆线虫卵、莫尼茨绦虫卵以及其它线虫卵的阳性率分别为9.80%、5.88%、3.92%和2.45%。该养麝场林麝寄生虫感染率较高,其中以球虫和鞭虫感染情况最严重。本研究调查结果为林麝内寄生虫病的防控提供了实验依据。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2021,(10)
为了解云南省武定县乡镇羊的消化道寄生虫感染情况,从武定县的插甸镇某大耳黄羊羊场和猫街镇、狮山镇和田心乡的散养户中采集新鲜羊粪样共222份,采用饱和盐水漂浮法检测寄生虫。结果显示:样品线虫卵和球虫卵囊的总检出率为93.69%,其中线虫卵阳性率为81.98%、球虫卵囊阳性率为33.78%、线虫和球虫的混合感染率为22.07%;从不同采样点来看,插甸镇某大耳黄羊场的线虫卵和球虫卵囊检出率为91.30%,猫街镇的线虫卵和球虫卵囊检出率为93.15%,狮山镇的线虫卵和球虫卵囊检出率为100%,田心乡的线虫卵和球虫卵囊检出率为93.15%。从不同养殖方式来看,规模化养殖场的线虫卵和球虫卵囊检出率为91.30%、散养户的线虫卵和球虫卵囊检出率为94.32%。不同乡镇以及不同养殖方式的羊肠道寄生虫感染差异均不显著。结果表明:云南武定县部分乡镇羊肠道寄生虫感染普遍,且有混合感染。建议进行定期驱虫,加强饲养环境监控,提高科学饲养水平。 相似文献
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为了解红河州奶牛消化道寄生虫感染情况,对该州四个奶牛养殖场进行现场调研,随机采集新鲜粪样64份,通过漂浮法和沉淀法检查寄生虫,结果表明,A奶牛合作社的线虫卵感染率为28.6%,B奶牛合作社为40%,C、D奶牛场均没有检查到线虫虫卵,平均感染率为15.6%;A奶牛合作社的吸虫虫卵感染率高达71.4%,B奶牛合作社为60.0%,C奶牛场为46.7%,D奶牛场为30.0%,平均感染率为50.0%。结果说明,红河州四个养殖场吸虫卵阳性率较高,线虫卵阳性率相对较低。 相似文献
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北京地区奶牛球虫感染情况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医杂志》2018,(12)
为了解目前北京地区奶牛场球虫感染情况,采集北京地区30个奶牛场的粪样进行球虫感染率及虫种调查。采用饱和食盐水漂浮法对粪样进行定性分析,采用改良麦克马斯特计数法对阳性粪样中的球虫卵囊进行计数分析。结果显示:30个牛场均存在球虫感染,牛场阳性率为100%;牛群的平均感染率为23.88%,平均感染强度(Oocysts per gramme,OPG)值为549;2～6月龄犊牛感染率最高,达38.25%;优势种为牛艾美耳球虫、邱氏艾美耳球虫与椭圆艾美耳球虫。 相似文献
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检测福建省9个地区的29个猪场18周龄仔猪粪便样品2 173份,结果:猪等孢球虫(Isospora suis)阳性场28个,占检测猪场数的96.56%;猪等孢球虫卵囊总阳性率为9.76%(212/2173)。不同猪场间仔猪等孢球虫卵囊阳性率最高为27.78%,阳性猪每克粪便卵囊数(OPG值)在258周龄仔猪粪便样品2 173份,结果:猪等孢球虫(Isospora suis)阳性场28个,占检测猪场数的96.56%;猪等孢球虫卵囊总阳性率为9.76%(212/2173)。不同猪场间仔猪等孢球虫卵囊阳性率最高为27.78%,阳性猪每克粪便卵囊数(OPG值)在25115 100;卵囊阳性率与对数化的OPG值呈显著正相关(R=0.445,P=0.016)。福建省沿海6个地区的平均气温与猪等孢球虫的卵囊阳性率呈显著正相关(R=0.937,P=0.006)。第1至第8周龄仔猪等孢球虫卵囊阳性率2.66%115 100;卵囊阳性率与对数化的OPG值呈显著正相关(R=0.445,P=0.016)。福建省沿海6个地区的平均气温与猪等孢球虫的卵囊阳性率呈显著正相关(R=0.937,P=0.006)。第1至第8周龄仔猪等孢球虫卵囊阳性率2.66%17.46%,其中2周龄仔猪的OPG值经对数化后分析,显著高于其他周龄仔猪(P<0.01)。高床垫料饲养育成猪的等孢球虫阳性率和OPG值均极显著高于漏缝地板饲养的仔猪(P<0.01)。不使用抗球虫药物的猪场与使用其他抗球虫药的猪场仔猪的等孢球虫阳性率、OPG值均显著高于使用百球清的猪场(P<0.01,P<0.05)。 相似文献
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J K Ward D L Ferguson A M Parkhurst J Berthelsen M J Nelson 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(3):917-922
Albendazole (methyl 5-propylthio-1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate) was used as an anthelmintic in a 3-yr study involving 578 beef cows and 438 nursing calves. Infection levels for nematodes, coccidia, and tapeworm were relatively low throughout the 3-yr period. Eggs per gram of feces in cows and calves were lower (P less than .01) 2 wk posttreatment but were not different 5 mo later, when calves were weaned. Cow weight gain, rate and time of conception, and adjusted calf weaning weights were not affected significantly by deworming of either cows or calves. Level of nematode infection measured as eggs per gram of feces was higher (P less than .01) in younger cows than in mature cows. Although deworming with Albendazole lowered (P less than .01) nematode infection levels, no responses were observed in cow or calf performance. 相似文献
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Coccidia in cows and calves on pasture in north Georgia (U.S.A.) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The prevalence and abundance of coccidian oocysts were determined in a herd of beef cows and calves on fescue pastures in the Piedmont area of Georgia during 4-consecutive grazing seasons. Twelve species of Eimeria were found in the feces of the calves and 10 species were found in the feces of the cows. Eimeria bovis was the most prevalent species found in both the calves and cows. It occurred in 72.5% of 1090 samples from the calves and 10.2% of 719 samples from cows. Eimeria bovis also comprised the majority of oocysts present in the fecal samples from the calves and cows. The greatest number of E. bovis in a sample was 45 800 oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) from a calf and 1900 OPG from a cow. No cases of clinical coccidiosis were seen in any of the animals sampled during the survey. 相似文献
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Murphy TM Fahy KN McAuliffe A Forbes AB Clegg TA O'Brien DJ 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,76(1-2):1-10
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal nematode, lungworm and liver fluke infection in culled cows in Ireland. Abomasa, colorectal contents and livers were collected from 30 to 68 culled beef and dairy cows during autumn 2002 and summer 2003, respectively. Ostertagia ostertagi were found in the abomasa of only three (10%) cows sampled in autumn and in 38 (57%) cows examined in summer. The majority of positive animals had low burdens of O. ostertagi but a few individuals in the group sampled during the summer had a moderate infection (5000-10,000 adult worms). A proportion of the cows in the summer group were also co-infected with small numbers of Trichostrongylus axei. Cooperia oncophora predominated in the recoveries from the larval cultures although O. ostertagi were also recovered. The overall prevalence of Dictyocaulus viviparus was 14%, based on larval identification in faecal samples. Liver fluke, or varying degrees of pathology attributable to Fasciola hepatica, were present in 65% of the livers. The results of this study extend those of previous workers, which were largely limited to dairy cows alone and which focussed on gastrointestinal nematodes and did not include simultaneous infections with lungworm and liver fluke. It was concluded, from the level of polyparasitism evident in this study, that adult cattle should be considered in preventative approaches to bovine helminthosis. 相似文献
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为了解江苏省奶牛感染球虫的情况,笔者对6个规模化奶牛场和3个奶牛小区9个牧场的奶牛球虫感染状况进行了随机抽样调查,分别于2008年11月和2009年4月按不同年龄阶段共采集粪样2100份。调查结果显示:9个牧场都有球虫感染,1个奶牛小区牧场的感染率最高达50%,其中11月份调查的感染率为30.10%,4月份调查的感染率为36.95%,两者没有明显的差异;从不同年龄阶段奶牛的感染情况来看,发现感染率最高的2个阶段为1～6月龄和6～12月龄,感染率高达53.81%和49.52%,感染率最低的年龄阶段为1月龄以内的奶牛,感染率为12.86%;从感染强度来看,大部分牧场平均OPG低于1000,占55.56%,只有一个牧场的平均OPG比较高,为2410;从本次调查结果发现9个牧场感染有8种艾美耳球虫(E.imeria),分别是牛艾美耳球虫(E.bovis)、邱氏艾美耳球虫(E.zumii)、椭圆艾美耳球虫(E.ellipsoidallis)、阿拉巴艾美尔球虫(E.alabamensis)、亚球形艾美尔球虫(E.subspherica)、怀俄明艾美尔球虫(E.wyomigensis)、柱状艾美尔球虫(E.cylindrica)、奥博艾美尔球虫(E.auburnensis)。优势虫种为牛艾美耳球虫、邱氏艾美耳球虫、椭圆艾美耳球虫,其他5种球虫所占比例较少。 相似文献
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The 247 calves from 112 Creole cows of Guadeloupe were monitored for Toxocara vitulorum infection from year 2002 to 2005. The cows were in good body condition and the calf growth rate was 880g/d on average. The
overall prevalence of infection was estimated to 0.77 [0.72; 0.83]. The faecal egg count peaked 49 days after calf birth,
and then decreased. No clinical symptom related to T. vitulorum infection was observed, and no effect on the calf growth rate was shown. It was concluded that, despite the high prevalence
of T. vitulorum, the production loss remains under the level of detection, and no drenching is needed for well-fed animals. 相似文献
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A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed on dairy herds in Flanders (Belgium) to detect management factors that are associated with an increased gastrointestinal parasite infection level of adult dairy cows. At the end of the grazing season, information concerning general herd factors, pasture management and anthelmintic treatment strategy was obtained from 956 herds. A bulk tank milk sample was obtained from 779 out of the 956 herds and the antibody levels (ODR) against Ostertagia ostertagi were determined. The associations between ODR and herd management factors were studied by two linear regression models. The first model evaluated the effect of general herd factors and the level of the cows' exposure to pasture. Large sized herds had significantly lower ODRs as compared to medium (P=0.001) or small sized herds (P=0.03). Herds with only dairy cows had lower ODRs than herds with both dairy and beef cows (P=0.02). An increased exposure to pasture of the cows was associated with higher ODRs (P<0.001). The second model was built to evaluate the effect of pasture management factors and anthelmintic treatment strategy. Later turn-out on pasture (P<0.001) and mowing (P=0.002) were both significantly associated with lower ODRs. Cows that had a restricted grazing time per day tended to have lower ODR than cows that grazed 24 h per day (P=0.07). An increased exposure to pasture of the heifers was significantly associated with higher ODRs (P=0.001). No associations were found between ODR and calf related management factors, anthelmintic treatment strategy, time of turn-in, rotational grazing type or stocking rate. Later turn-out on pasture, mowing and restricting the grazing time per day are factors that can be applied immediately on dairy farms to reduce economical losses due to gastrointestinal nematodes. 相似文献
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Tråvén M Näslund K Linde N Linde B Silván A Fossum C Hedlund KO Larsson B 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,81(2):127-151
Infection models were developed for adult cows and for young calves using the same strain of bovine coronavirus (BCV), which for the first time allows experimental reproduction of winter dysentery (WD) in seronegative lactating cows. The cattle were infected through direct contact with an experimentally inoculated calf. All experimental cattle shed faecal BCV with development of diarrhoea, being profusely watery with small amounts of blood in the most severely affected animals, including both cows and calves. The cows, in contrast to the calves, showed depressed general condition and appetite leading to a marked decrease in milk yield. Further age-associated differences were a shorter incubation period in the two youngest calves, but with milder fever and milder decrease in white blood cell counts. These findings shed light on the apparent epidemiological differences between WD and calf BCV diarrhoea suggesting that, (1) the same strains of BCV cause natural outbreaks of calf diarrhoea and WD, (2) seronegative cows are more severely affected by the infection than seronegative conventionally reared calves, and (3) unaffected general condition in diarrhoeic calves may lead to underestimation of the occurrence of calf diarrhoea in WD outbreaks.In response to infection, all cattle produced early interferon type 1 in serum and, except for one calf, in nasal secretions. A finding not previously reported is the detection of interferon type 1 responses in bovine milk. All cattle developed high IgM antibody responses and long-lasting IgA antibody responses both systemically and locally. The serum IgM antibody responses came earlier in most of the calves than in the cows. Prolonged IgM antibody responses were detected in serum and milk, while those in nasal secretions were much shorter. BCV-specific IgA was present in nasal secretions from all cattle throughout the 6 months follow-up. The IgA antibody response in serum was detected up to 17 months post-infection and the duration showed an age-related variation indicating a more prominent IgA memory in the adult cattle and in the older calves than in the younger ones. BCV-specific IgG was detected in all cattle during the experimental period of up to 22 months. In conclusion, WD was reproduced in seronegative lactating cows. The cows showed a more severe general diseases than seronegative calves infected concurrently. Very long-lasting IgA antibody responses were detected both systemically and locally. 相似文献
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本研究用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对采集自北京地区的94份奶牛血清（随机采集）和河北地区的55份奶牛血清（有流产史奶牛），进行Neospora caninum血清抗体检测。结果发现，北京地区随机采集的奶牛血清N．caninum抗体阳性率为18．1％（17／94），河北地区有流产史的奶牛N．caninum血清抗体阳性率为23．6％（13／55）。采用牛奶记录体系（DHI）对北京地区17头N．caninum血清抗体阳性牛进行了日产奶量、乳中蛋白率和乳脂率的测定，并与同群牛中134头阴性牛比较。结果表明，N．caninum血清抗体阳性牛日产奶量比阴性牛降低9．7％，乳中蛋白率和乳脂率分别降低20％和15．4％。初步证明N．caninum血清抗体阳性奶牛产奶量降低及奶品质的下降。对不同N．caninum抗体滴度阳性牛的泌乳期主要生产性能比较发现，其生产性能的变化与抗体滴度无明显相关性。 相似文献
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Russell F Daly Regg D Neiger 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(4):618-623
CASE DESCRIPTION: Severe disease and death in cows and calves affected 1 of 3 separate groups (A, B, and C) of cattle on a commercial cow-calf operation. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical illness consisting of severe watery and bloody diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, and death affected adult cows and calves in 1 group (group B). Salmonella enterica serotype Newport was recovered from tissues of cows and calves from group B. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Despite supportive and antimicrobial treatment of cattle in group B, cow mortality rate attributable to salmonellosis in that group was 7.9% (32/407); calf mortality rate was 14.4% (52/361). None of the cows in Groups A or C died, and the calf mortality rate in those groups was low. Salmonella enterica serotype Newport was recovered from pooled fecal samples subsequently collected from each group of cows. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen was identified in an ear notch sample collected from a necropsied calf from group B. Subsequently, ear notch specimens from cattle in all 3 groups were tested for BVDV antigen. A significantly higher proportion of calves persistently infected with BVDV was identified in group B (8/295 [2.7%]), compared with the proportion in groups A and C combined (1/287 [0.3%]). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Outbreaks of disease attributable to Salmonella Newport infection in beef cattle are unusual. Because of the immunosuppressive nature of BVDV, the possibility of animals persistently infected with BVDV within the herd should be considered during investigation of unusual outbreaks of infectious diseases. 相似文献
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Congenital Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle and associated calfhood mortality. 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5 
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下载免费PDF全文 A prospective cohort study was undertaken on two central California dairies, A and B, to estimate prevalence of congenital infection with Neospora caninum, to characterize temporal variation in prevalence, to determine if occurrence of congenital infection was associated with specific dam and calf attributes, and to estimate the effect of congenital infection on calfhood mortality. Of the 405 calves enrolled over a period of 2 1/2 y on dairy A and dairy B, 30.6% (85/278) and 53.5% (68/127), respectively, were seropositive precolostrally to N. caninum, as determined by an ELISA test. Adult cow seroprevalence at calving was 36.0% (82/228) for dairy A, and 57.9% (33/57) for dairy B. No evidence was found for a significant increasing or decreasing trend in adult and precolostral seroprevalence through the study period (P > or = 0.26). For both herds combined, 81% of seropositive cows (93/115) and 5% of seronegative cows (8/170) had congenitally infected calves. Seroprevalence did not increase with cow age on either dairy (P > or = 0.47). The probability of a calf being congenitally infected was not associated with dam age, dam lactation number, dam history of abortion, calf gender, or length of gestation (P > or = 0.11). High dam ELISA values at calving were significantly associated (P < or = 0.001) with an increased probability of congenital infection in her calf. Results of survival analyses of female calves available for follow-up indicated a consistently greater survivorship to 90 d in congenitally infected calves than in noninfected calves on both dairies, which was significant for dairy A (P = 0.07, n = 186) but not for dairy B (P = 0.69, n = 72), thus indicating that congenital infection does not necessarily have a detrimental effect on calf health. The findings of a similar magnitude in congenital infection rate and adult cow prevalence, the lack of increasing seroprevalence with cow age, the lack of an effect of dam age on precolostral seropositivity, and the constant seroprevalences during the study period, suggest that, in the two dairies studied, congenital transmission constituted a substantial amount of infection and was likely the major mode of transmission of N. caninum. 相似文献