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1.
M. E. Abdel Hamid H. H. Ramadan Dr. F. M. Salem G. Y. Osman 《Journal of pest science》1981,54(6):81-82
Zusammenfassung Baumwolle, Weizen, Mais, Sojabohne, Zwiebel, Kichererbse und Sesam wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Anfälligkeit gegen die WurzelnematodenMeloidogyne javanica undM. incognita incrita untersucht. Sesam und Mais waren gegen beide Nematodenarten resistent. Baumwolle wurde vonM. javanica nicht befallen. Dagegen wurden Zwiebel und Sojabohne von diesem Nematoden stark geschädigt. Die statistische Analyse zeigte signifikante Befallsunterschiede zwischen den Wirtspflanzen undMeloidogyne-Arten.
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Susceptibility of certain field crops to some Nematoda infection, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) and M. incognita acrita (Kofoid & White) chitwood
Varietal susceptibility of certain field crops were tested. Sesame and maize were resistant toM. javanica andM. incognita acrita infection. Cotton was resistant toM. javanica only. Onion and soybean were highly infected withM. javanica in comparison with the other tested hosts. Soybean also was highly infected withM. incognita acrita. Wheat showed the presence of the lowest of nematode population of the two species on its roots. Severity of galls was paralleled to the mentioned nematode populations.Statistical analysis of the data indicates that there were significant differences between the tested hosts. Also, the interaction between nematode species and hosts was significant.
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2.
M. E. Abdel-Hamid Dr. F. M. Salem H. R. Hamdia Y. A. G. Osman 《Journal of pest science》1983,56(8):153-154
The incubation period ofM. incognita acrita eggs took 24–72 hours till the appearance of the second larval stage hatching from eggs in the laboratory at 25±5°C and at 60±5 R. H. The second larval stage, was observed in cotton roots 48 hours after the addition of it to soil beside cotton seedlings. The 3rd and 4th larval stage and adult female were observed in cotton roots 7, 11, and 24 days, respectively, after the addition of second larval stage to soil beside cotton seedlings. The total life cycle ofM. incognita acrita on cotton, (Gossypium barbadense) lasted for 33–38 days, at 25±5°C and at 60±5 R. H. 相似文献
3.
Dr. F. M. Salem 《Journal of pest science》1983,56(7):131-132
Host-reaction of three winter field crops in comparison with four winter weeds toMeloidogyne javanica was evaluated in a pot-experiment. The results indicated that the weedVicia calcarata was the highly infected one. On contrary, no infection took place at all in the roots of the weedsCoronopus sequamatus andAnagallis arvensis. In the roots of winter field crops,Vicia faba cultivar (Giza, 3) was highly infected withM. javanica, and followed byTrifolium alexandrinum cultivar (Miskawy) in a decreasing order. No infection took place in the roots ofTriticum vulgare cultivar (Giza, 157). Finally, it could be concluded thatVicia calcarata has a great role as a source of infestation ofM. javanica to the main winter field crops, i. e.,Vicia faba (Giza, 3) andTrifolium alexandrinum (Miskawy), where, it is intercropping in. So, controlling weeds is an important factor in reducing nematode population. 相似文献
4.
Dr. G. Y. Osman 《Journal of pest science》1993,66(7):140-142
The effect of aqueous solutions of L-arginine, L-glutamic acid and ascorbic acid onMeloidogyne javanica egg hatch, juvenile survival, and maturity and fecundity of nematode females in susceptible tomato roots was investigated. All tested compounds significantly suppressed egg hatchability at all concentrations (1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm). L-arginine proved to be the best one in inhibition egg hatch and achieved the highest inhibition percentages at all tested concentration. Inhibition rate of egg hatch increased by increasing the concentration of amino acids and vitamin. L-arginine and L-glutamic acid and ascorbic acid at 2000 ppm resulted in 100% mortality ofM. javanica juveniles after 7 days exposure. Application of aqueous solutions of L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, and ascorbic acid at 1000 ppm significantly reduced numbers ofM. javanica populations, mature females and eggmasses in tomato roots. The maximum inhibitory effect was obtained by L-arginine acid which surpassed both ascorbic acid and L-glutamic acid, in reducing nematode population (R% were 84.95, 80.11 and 70.4, respectively) and in affecting maturity and fecundity of females (maturity % were 53.7, 54.2 and 67.7 and fecundity % were 39.2, 46.2 and 61.2 for L-arginine acid, ascorbic acid, and L-glutamic acid respectively, in comparison with that of control group). 相似文献
5.
Dr. G. Y. Osman 《Journal of pest science》1988,61(4):70-73
Zusammenfassung Es wurden Labortests zur Klärung der Frage durchgeführt, wieweit der räuberische NematodeDiplogaster sp. in der Lage ist, die Dichte der Larven der zwei wurzelparasitären NematodenMeloidogyne javanica undTylenchulus semipenetrans zu reduzieren. Eine weitere Versuchsserie verwendete mit sterilem Boden gefüllte Blumentöpfe.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der Raub-Nematode beide parasitischen Nematodenarten,M. javanica an Tomaten- undT. semipenetrans an Orangen-Wurzeln stark reduzierte. Dabei erwies sich die Wirkung unabhängig von der Beuteart aber abhängig von der Beutedichte.
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Studies on the potential use of the predator, Diplogaster sp. (Nematodes, Diplogasteroidea) on certain root-parasitic Nematodes
A laboratory test was conducted in glass petri dishes to assess the efficacy ofDiplogaster sp. on the predation of the second stage larvae ofMeloidogyne javanica andTylenchulus semipenetrans nematodes at 25°C and 65% R. H. in the incubator. In addition, an applied experiment in pots was carried out to explore the role of the predator on the two parasitic nematode genera. Diplogaster sp. exteriminated large numbers of prey ofM. javanica andT. semipenetrans larvae 7 days after the beginning of the experiment. The rate of predation on parasitic nematodes in laboratory test was independent on the prey species but dependent on the prey density. The parasitic nematodes,M. javanica andT. semipenetrans, populations in the roots of tomato and sour orange, respectively, were significantly reduced by the addition of the predatory nematode,Diplogaster sp., in the pot experiment.
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6.
Cycocel, was evaluated at three different doses 500, 1,000 and 1,500 ppm achieving its effect on tomato phytotoxicity and growth in relation to root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica, tomato infection. The results indicated that using 500 ppm of Cycocel was the optimum where no phytotoxic effects or reduction on plant growth were noticed at all. In addition, percentages of infected plants withM. javanica and numbers of galls per root were greatly decreased. Also, a great reduction was detected in nematode population. Increasing Cycocel concentration was parallel to the increase in phytotoxicity and decreasing of tomato growth was noticed. 相似文献
7.
Dr. Gamalat Y. Osman 《Journal of pest science》1990,63(1):14-15
Sex hormone, testosterone, was used to induce the function of sex reversal in the two nematode genera, by treatingM. javanica andT. semipenetrans egg-masses and new hatched larvae. The percentages of males were 80 and 62.5%, respectively, when applying testosterone three times, the first on egg-masses, the second and the third on hatched larvae at 10 ppm concentration. Percentage of males was increased by 45.83 forM. javanica in comparison with the check. Also, the sex hormone decreased the percentage of citrus nematode females that infected the root with 80%. Consequently, this means that the males percentage was increased.In addition, the reduction percentages of the total nematode population forM. javanica andT. semipenetrans treated with testosterone were 33.33 and 80%, respectively.These results indicate that the use of testosterone to induce the function of sex reversal is promising as a new approach for controlling parasitic nematodes,M. javanica andT. semipenetrans on tomato and sur orange, respectively. Testosterone showed two dimensions in this respect, the first is in changing the population sex ratio, where the percentages of males were increasing and decreasing the total population in comparison with the check in both nematode genera.
Zusammenfassung Das Sexualhormon Testosteron wurde angewandt, um die Ausbildung des Geschlechts vonM. javanica undT. semipenetrans durch Behandlung der Eigelege und der frischgeschlüpften Larven zu beeinflussen. Bei dreimaliger Anwendung des Hormons bei den Eigelegen, sowie den Zweit- und Drittlarven, betrug der Männchen-Anteil der beiden Nematodenarten 80 bzw. 62,5%. Dabei wurde der Männchenanteil vonM. javanica um 45,8% gegenüber Kontrolle erhöht. BeiT. semipenetrans wurde bei gleicher Anwendung der Weibchenanteil um 80% vermindert, was ebenfalls einen Anstieg der Männchenquote bedeutete.Weiterhin wurde durch die Testosteron-Anwendung die Gesamtpopulation vonM. javanica um 33,3% und diejenige vonT. semipenetrans um 80% vermindert.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der Gebrauch von Testosteron zur Beeinflussung des Geschlechterverhältnisses einen neuen aussichtsreichen Weg zur Bekämpfung der pflanzenparasitären NematodenM. javanica undT. semipenetrans darstellt. Die Wirkung des Hormons ist dabei eine zweifache: Verringerung des Weibchenanteils sowie Verminderung der Gesamtpopulation der Nematodenart.相似文献
8.
Dr. F. M. Salem 《Journal of pest science》1978,51(4):60-61
Average numbers ofMeloidogyne javanica larvae and females in cowpea roots in sandy soil and sandy clayloam were significantly higher (at 5% level) than that of calcareous soil. The highest root-knot nematode population (68.3 ind./plant) was in sandy clay-loam soil, followed by sandy soil (25.8 ind./plant). The lowest was in calcareous soil (6.3 ind./plant). 相似文献
9.
Zusammenfassung Zwecks Untersuchung der Beutepräferenz und der Effizienz des räuberischen NematodenDiplogaster sp. wurden dessen Adulten mit den Larven zweier pflanzenparasitärer Nematodenarten (Pratylenchus zeae undMeloidogyne incognita var. 3) sowie mit den Larven zweier Fliegenarten (Ceratitis capitata undMusca domestica) zusammen gehalten.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß dieDiplogaster-Nematoden einen großen Teil der Beutetiere fraßen, und zwar in der ReihenfolgeM. incognita, P. zeae, C. capitata undM. domestica. Die beiden phytoparasitären Nematodenarten wurden somit den Insekten-larven vorgezogen. Die Vernichtungsquoten betrugen in dieser Reinhenfolge 81,5-76-55 und 44%.
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Effect of different kinds of food source on the predation efficiency ofDiplogaster sp. nematode (Rhabdita, Diplogasteridae)
The present investigation was conducted to assess the favorable prey of different vermiform larvae of certain insects (Ceratitis capitata, Musca domestica) and phyto-parasitic nematodes (Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne incognita var. 3) which would exterminated by the predator nematode,Diplogaster sp.The obtained results indicate thatDiplogaster sp. exteriminated large numbers of prey ofM. incognita var. 3 andP. zeae, followed byC. capitata andM. domestica. The larvae of phytoparasitic nematodes were preferable prey toDiplogaster nematode, than that of insects. The predatious rate on the larvae ofM. incognita, P. zeae, C. capitata andM. domestica was 81.5, 76, 55, and 44%, respectively.
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10.
The effectiveness of intercropping tagetes with tomato in comparison with the natural root exudates of tagetes onMeloidogyne javanica nematode population and galls on tomato cultivated in sandy soil was studied. Both tagetes roots extracts and intercropping tagetes with tomato significantly reducedM. javanica nematode population, egg masses and galls on tomato. Intercropping tagetes with tomato was more effective in reducing root-knot nematode population and galls than treating tomato with natural root extracts of tagetes.Therefore, intercropping resistant plant with susceptible host to nematode is a new and good approach to nematode control.
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Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkung des Pflanzens vonTagetes zwischen Tomaten im Vergleich zur Beigabe von Wurzel-Exudaten vonTagetes zu den Tomaten auf den NematodenMeloidogyne javanica in Sandboden untersucht. Beide Verfahren reduzierten signifikant die Zahl der Nematoden, die Eigelege und Gallenbildungen an den Tomaten. Jedoch wirkte die Zwischenpflanzung vonTagetes besser als die Hinzufügung vonTagetes-Wurzelexudaten.Auf Grund der Ergebnisse bietet das Zwischenpflanzen einer resistenten Pflanzenart zu einer nematoden-empfindlichen Pflanzenart einen neuen Weg der Nematodenbekämpfung.
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11.
The potential of the two predators,Chrysoperla carnea Steph. andCoccinella undecimpunctata Reich., as well as the two parasitoidsDiaeretiella rapae andEretmocerus mundus in an open field and under green house were conducted after several releases againstAphis gossypii, A. fabae, Brevicorine brassicae andBemisia tabaci. Double releases ofC. carnea (1∶5 predator∶aphids) achieved 100% reduction inA. gossypii after 12 days. A single release ofC. undecimpunctata (1∶50 predator∶aphids) resulted in 99.97% reduction in the same aphid. Releasing ofD. rapae to controlB. brassicae at the rate of 1∶50 resulted in 29% parasitism. ReleasingE. mundus for the control ofB. tabaci in cabbage at the rate of 5 adults/m2 resulted in 32% parasitism. Three releases ofC. undecimpunctata adults in a greenhouse cultivated with soybean, decreasedA. fabae population from 207 to 7.6 aphids/plant. 相似文献
12.
During a six year period (1991–1996) 284 cacao samples have been inspected for pests. Twenty six different taxa have been observed, but five of them represent 92% of the total population:Ahasverus advena, Carpophilus obsoletes, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Ephestia cautella andTribolium castaneum. Over the total period, a trend cannot be shown neither in the number of pests nor in the number of taxa. The change of the composition of the population is mainly due to the substitution ofA. advena byC. ferrigineus and later byC. obsoletes. Both Hill’s indices are increasing during the first five years. 相似文献
13.
许多学者先后对东北林区桦木属的分类进行了深入研究,对种及种下分类等级意见至今不一致,给综合开发利用桦木类群资源造成了混乱。笔者经多年深入林区实践、调查、采集标本,结合种群特征、地理分布、生境特点综合分类,不以蜡叶标本作为唯一依据,鉴定了桦木属种及种下等级,基本上同意傅沛云(1995)对东北林区桦木属的分类。但笔者认为东北白桦(B.mandshurica(Regel) Nakai)应视为独立种,取消栓皮白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.var. phellodendroides Tung)名称及英吉里岳桦(ermanii Cham.var.yingkiliensis liou et Wang)名称,卵叶桦(Betula ovalifolia Rupr )不应该降为柴桦变种(Betula fruticosa Pall.),仍为独立种。图1表4参10。 相似文献
14.
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the possibility use of commercial bacterial pathogen insecticide,Bacillus thuringiensis, as biocontrol agent againstMeloidogyne javanica andTylenchulus semipenetrans nematodes.The obtained results indicate that the two strains ofB. thuringiensis suppressed the total nematode populations and eggmasses of the two nematode genera. Also, the two strains ofBacillus remarkably reduced the percentages of hatchability of eggs of the two nematode genera. SAN 415Bacillus strain was highly effective than Dipel strain and surpassed it in this respect, but it was approximately similar to the standard nematicide Nemacur.
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Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Gewächshaus-Versuch durchgeführt zur Untersuchung der Möglichkeit,Meloidogyne javanica undTylenchus semipenetrans (Nematoda) mittelsBac. thuringiensis biologisch zu bekämpfen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daßB. thuringiensis die Eigelege und die Populationsdichte beider Nematoden stark reduzierte. Auch wurde die Schlüpflähigkeit der Eier beider Nematodenarten durch Anwendung der zweiBacillus-Präparate deutlich verringert. Der SANBacillus-Stamm zeigte höhere, Wirkung als Dipel und entsprach etwa dem Standard-Nematizid Nemacur.
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15.
Dr. U. Sellenschlo 《Journal of pest science》1991,64(6):111-115
In their natural habitat, the antMonomorium floricola prefers to colonize inner cavities of certain plants such as bulb-basedTillandsia species. A colony ofM. floricola was imported from Haiti to Northern Germany with an infested tillandsia. Propagation of the insects was possible under the favourable conditions of a heated room with plants and terrariums. The ant population could be markedly reduced by insecticide-containing baits which are used for the control of pharao ants. The food preferred byM. floricola appeated to be similar to that accepted byM. pharaonis. The paper describes worker and queen ofM. floricola (morphological structures are illustrated by SEM pictures) and gives some notes on their biology. 相似文献
16.
The studies showed that herbicides i. e. Treflan had side effects in controllingMeloidogyne javanica (38.1% reduction in nematode population) followed by Gramoxone (15.1% reduction), while Dowpon “S” and Cotoran showed lethal phytotoxic effects on the tomato plants. 相似文献
17.
M. S. Mohamed Dr. M. A. Sellam A. Abd-Elrazik M. H. Rushdi 《Journal of pest science》1982,55(12):181-184
Crop rotation showed a pronounced effect on incidence of tomato damping-off and onion (Fusarium) basal rot as well as on the soil population of the two disease incitants. Out of nine rotation systems, wheat/sorghum and wheat/maize preceding tomato diminished damping-off while clover/maize, lentil/sorghum, wheat/sorghum and wheat/maize preceding tomato diminished damping-off while clover/maize, lentil/sorghum, wheat/sorghum and wheat/maize preceding onions increased basal rot incidence. First crops of the rotation system as well as the second crop were of noticeable effect onRhizoctonia solani andFusarium oxysporum f. sp.cepae as onBacillus subtilis (antagonistic to both fungi) population in soil. Almost all rotations increased population ofF. oxysporum f. sp.cepae andB. subtilis in soil while response ofR. solani was variable. The results show thatBac. subtilis did not correlate with tomato damping-off or onion basal rot. There must be some other factors found in the soil that play a role in effect of crop rotation on disease incidence. 相似文献
18.
A highly susceptible cowpea,Vigna sinensis cv. Baladi plants were tested as trap plants for eitherMeloidogyne javanica orRotylenchulus reniformis under greenhouse conditions. The plants were gathered by cutting them above the surface of the soil or by uprooting them,
1/2, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 days after nematode inoculation. Both of the mentioned nematodes began to mature and lay eggs
after the 12th day from their inoculation. Hence, it is advised to pull up cowpea plants from 3–12 days after nematode inoculation.
After planting sunflower,Helianthus annus cv. Miak replacing cowpea, the nematode populations were higher, in most cases, on sunflower plants replacing cutting cowpea
than those on sunflower replacing uprooted cowpea. The highest percentages of nematode reduction were 98.55 and 99.57 forM. javanica and 95.09 and 92.90% forR. reniformis on sunflower plants replacing cutting and uprooted cowpea plants after 12 days from nematode inoculation, respectively.M. javanica andR. reniformis decreased the length and weight of sunflower plants as affected by planting time and method of cowpea harvest. This method
of nematode control is cheaper, easy and pollution free. 相似文献
19.
Caterpillars ofL. dispar collected 1976 and 1977 during an outbreak of the pest in Sardinia, Italy were infected by a microsporidiosis,Nosema lymantriae Weiser and a virosis (polyhedrosis). In 1976 no mixed infection took place.Nosema caused 14%, the polyhedrosis 3.1% mortality. In 1977 the mortality amounted to 72.5% consisting of 60% microsporidiosis, 5.5% virosis and 7.0% mixed infection. So the microsporidiosis dominated opposite to other reports. 相似文献
20.
Dr. S. P. Singh 《Journal of pest science》1994,67(1):19-21
Four hymenopteran species viz.Ormyrus orientalis Walker (Ormyridae),Euderus lividus (Ashmead) (Eulophidae),Eurytoma sp. (Eurytomidae) andSenegalella sp. (Torymidae) were reared and studied as parasites ofMelanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) (Dipt., Agromyzidae) in India. The biology ofM. obtusa and their parasites is briefly described. A view is given on the possibility of using these parasites for biological control. 相似文献