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1.
M K Biswas M A A Mondal M Hossain R Islam 《中国马铃薯》2005,19(4):193-197
Potatoes(Solanum tuberosum L)are the thirdlargest food crop in Bangladesh following rice andwheat and make a major contribution to the total foodsupply of the country.Although in many westerncountries potato is the number one staple food,it is al-most entirely used as a vegetable in Bangladesh.Thepotato is a short duration crop that produces a largeamount of calories in a short period of time[1].Thepotato produces more protein and calories per unitarea per unit time than any other major food… 相似文献
2.
农田土壤Nmin对马铃薯块茎形成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确农田土壤矿质氮(Nmin)含量对马铃薯块茎形成的影响,在内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯主产区大田条件下,利用主栽马铃薯品种‘克新1号’,通过设置不同供氮水平,研究了薯田土壤Nmin含量对块茎形成的时间、数量以及重量的影响。结果表明:土壤Nmin含量在1850 mg/kg范围内时均可形成块茎,且在18.6450 mg/kg范围内时均可形成块茎,且在18.6419.94 mg/kg可较早形成块茎,超过50.57 mg/kg时,不形成块茎;较高的土壤Nmin含量会降低块茎形成的数量,在内蒙古阴山北麓地区,马铃薯出苗39 d以后,块茎数量不再增加;虽土壤Nmin含量的增加推迟了块茎的形成时间,但较高的土壤Nmin有利于马铃薯生育后期单株块茎重量的增加。 相似文献
3.
In order to determine proper selection criteria for tuber yield in potato clones obtained from true potato seed (TPS) and
to evaluate relationships between tuber yield and its components, an investigation was conducted using the five check cultivars
Agria, Marfona, Draga, Agata, and Arinda, and 120 potato clones obtained from TPS. The study was conducted in an augmented
randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield and its components were recorded. Correlation coefficient
analysis showed that tuber yield had significant positive associations with number of tubers per plant, average weight per
tuber (tuber size), plant height, diameter of main stem, and number of main and secondary stems per plant, whereas its correlation
with tuber dry-matter concentration was significantly negative. Number of tubers per plant, tuber size, and plant height had
significant standardized partial regression coefficients with very small tolerance and large variance inflation factor (VIF)
values. These were considered as the first-order variables in sequential path analysis. 相似文献
4.
本文对马铃薯30个杂交组合无性一代的14个性状与单株产量的相关关系作了估算,其中无效生育期、播后74天和92天冠层覆盖度、平均冠层覆盖度、最高冠层覆盖度、有效生育期、单株块茎数、单块重8个性状与单株产量的相关性达显著或极显著水平。进而对影响单株产量(y)的平均冠层覆盖度(x_1),有效生育期(x_2)、单株块茎数(x_3)、单个块茎重(x_4)进行通径分析。结果表明,该4个性状决定单株产量变异的94.61％,说明这4个性状是影响单株产量的决定因素。 相似文献
5.
为加快高产、高抗晚疫病的国审马铃薯新品种"鄂马铃薯5号"的推广应用,进一步降低马铃薯脱毒种薯的生产成本,本试验在高海拔地区(1 880 m)对标准原种(≥5g)的高效生产进行了初步试验。试验对脱毒原原种以不同的密度进行栽培,统计标准原种的产量及效益。试验结果为:原原种的种植密度每667 m2为32 000株时,标准原种产量及效益最高,分别达14.22万粒和10 220元。试验结果还表明:随着种植密度的增大,低重量标准种薯的比例逐渐增加,尤其是5~15 g的种薯比例增加较大,标准种薯的平均单薯重逐渐降低,以利减少种薯的运输成本。 相似文献
6.
氮素形态与马铃薯品质的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在田间条件下研究了不同形态氮素对马铃薯块茎硝酸盐含量、淀粉、蛋白质及还原糖含量的影响。结果表明,马铃薯块茎内硝酸盐含量从块茎形成期到成熟收获期是逐渐降低的。使用铵态氮肥并加硝化抑制剂双氰胺可以显著地抑制马铃薯块茎硝酸盐的积累;与硝酸盐含量变化相似,从块茎形成期到收获期蛋白质含量也逐渐降低,不同氮素形态处理对马铃薯块茎内蛋白质含量的影响无显著差异;铵态氮添加双氰胺处理可降低块茎还原糖含量。虽然马铃薯被认为是喜硝作物,但本研究表明,不同氮素形态处理不仅没有造成马铃薯产量的显著差异,而且块茎内淀粉含量也无显著差异。 相似文献
7.
马铃薯硫素吸收规律的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过田间试验和室内测定分析,研究了马铃薯硫素吸收规律。结果表明:马铃薯全生育期内各器官含硫量始终以叶片最高,茎秆其次,块茎最低;全株硫的累积吸收量随生育进程的推进呈二次曲线变化,在淀粉积累期硫素累积量达到最大值;块茎形成至块茎增长期是马铃薯一生中硫素吸收速率最快、吸收数量最多的时期;生育期间硫素在马铃薯各器官的分配随着生长中心的转移,发生相应的变化,块茎增长期之前叶片中分配最多,其次为茎秆,块茎中最少,之后则是块茎中最多,茎秆其次,叶片中最少;硫在叶片中的分配率随生育进程逐渐降低,块茎中硫的分配率则为直线增长,茎秆中硫的分配率变化表现为单峰曲线,峰值出现在块茎形成期。本试验产量水平下,每生产500kg块茎需要吸收硫0.13kg。 相似文献
8.
以3个马铃薯品种为供试材料,在块茎增长期进行分期取样,对不同品种的产量和品质形成状况进行比较,以摸清不同品种的块茎形成特性,为特定品种配套适宜栽培技术的实施提供参考。结果表明：供试3个品种的单株产量存在显著差异,延薯4号的产量最高,薯块膨大早,商品薯率高;东农309的产量其次,薯块膨大较早,商品薯率较高;克新13号的产量最低,薯块膨大偏晚,商品薯率中等;但3个品种的单株结薯数量和干物质含量相近,均为结薯数量适中、干物质含量中等的中晚熟鲜食型品种。在生产上应根据品种特性配套栽培技术,以保证各品种获得较好的产量和品质。 相似文献
9.
叶面调控对马铃薯新品种微型薯结薯的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究叶面调控对马铃薯微型薯结薯的影响,以丽薯6号和云薯505为材料,以清水处理为对照,设2种叶面肥和2种植物生长激素处理(叶面肥设2个浓度,植物生长激素设1个浓度)。结果表明:在叶面肥调控中,促进丽薯6号、云薯505微型薯结薯的最佳处理分别是浓度1 g/L的花多多和浓度1 g/L的K_2SO_4,2种叶面肥均能够显著增加2 g以上及2 g以下薯块数量。植物生长激素调控中,浓度5 mg/L的ABA显著提高了丽薯6号、云薯505的2 g以上微型薯结薯数;浓度5 mg/L的6-BA显著增加了2 g以下云薯505的结薯数,而丽薯6号的2 g以下结薯数减少。在微型薯繁育过程中,选择适宜的叶面调控方案能够提高单株结薯数。 相似文献
10.
马铃薯的生长发育随着生育期的变化而变化,前期以茎叶生长为主,后期则以块茎生长为主。所以,地上部性状间,以及地上部性状与地下部性状—块茎的形成有着密切的关系。地上部株高与茎叶重、叶面积之间有着极显著的正相关,相关系数分别为ｒ＝０．９３５９＊＊,和ｒ＝０．８４８８＊＊;茎叶重与叶面积系数之间呈极显著的正相关,ｒ＝０．９６０５＊＊。株高与地下部块重之间呈显著的正相关,ｒ＝０．６８４３＊,茎叶重与地下部块重间的关系为正相关,ｒ＝０．４２８５,叶面积系数与地下部块重有着微弱的正相关关系,ｒ＝０．１５３４。 相似文献
11.
Thirty-three populations of Andigena potatoes developed by 11 × 3 (line × tester) mating were studied from seedling to third
clonal generations for number of tubers, average tuber weight, tuber yield, plant vigour, predominant tuber shape, predominant
tuber size and uniformity in tuber shape, uniformity in tuber size and uniformity in tuber colour. Inter-generation correlation
coefficients for progeny means, general combining ability, specific combining ability, heterosis and heterobeltiosis were
computed for various characters. Magnitude of inter-generation correlation coefficients showed that various parameters for
uniformity in tuber shape, uniformity in tuber size, uniformity in tuber colour, predominant tuber shape and predominant tuber
size could be reliably estimated in early generations starting from the seedling generation. The parameters for tuber yield,
average tuber weight and tuber number could only be reliably estimated from second clonal generation onward. Repeatability
of progeny means showed that negative selection for tuber yield and average tuber weight could be initiated from first clonal
generation and for tuber number from second clonal generation. Plant vigour was found to be a highly inconsistent character. 相似文献
12.
在马铃薯块茎的形成和增长过程中 ,小薯不断地形成、退化或转化成大中薯 ,其中出苗2 8d以后的 2～ 3周是决定大中薯数的关键期。在不同密度及施肥处理下 ,马铃薯块茎体积及干重的增长均呈S型曲线变化。单株块茎体积随密度增加而减少 ,适量施用氮、磷、钾 ,可增加块茎体积、单株结薯数和大中薯数 ,其中磷钾肥可使结薯时间提前 ,过量氮肥则推迟结薯时间 ;随密度的增加 ,块茎日增重逐渐降低 ,适量增施磷、钾肥可提高库的充实度 ,增加产量。在本试验因素中量 (适量 )组合 ,底西芮品种单株块茎体积最大增长速率为 2 5 7392ml d ,块茎干重的最大增长速率为 10 6 82 6 g d ;种植密度 4 5 0 0株 6 6 7m2 时 ,单株结薯数为 13 5个 ,大中薯数平均为 10个 ,单产可达 30 0 0kg 6 6 7m2 以上 相似文献
13.
The growth and yield of plants from different-sized seed tubers derived from true potato seed were evaluated on a per stem, per plant, and per unit area basis using either single or multiple-sprout tubers. In single-sprout tubers, haulm dry weight per stem 47 days after planting was greater in the 40–60 g tubers when compared with that in the 5–10 g or the 10–20 g tubers. This resulted in greater tuber weight per stem in the 40–60 g tubers throughout the growing season. The number of tubers per stem was not affected by seed tuber size. In multiple-sprout seed tubers of increasing size, total tuber number and total tuber weight, as well as weight of those tubers larger than 45 mm, increased on a per plant basis but decreased on a per stem basis. At different rates of planting, 1–5 g seed tubers produced smaller tubers than 5–10 g or 10–20 g seed tubers. Increased rate of planting resulted in non-significant yield increases per unit area in plots planted with 1–5 g seed tubers. The yield increases were significant when 5–10 g and 10–20 g seed tubers were planted at higher rates. The number of main stems per unit of seed tuber weight was five times greater in 1–5 g tubers compared with that in 40–60 g tubers. This resulted in low seed weights per hectare when small tubers were planted and in a high ratio of harvested to planted tuber weight. 相似文献
14.
The objective of the study was to assess the direct and indirect effects of 13 important morphological and biochemical traits on yield enhancement in 28 advanced breeding lines of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the foothills of north-western Himalayas. Tuber yield was positively correlated with number of tubers per plant (r?=?0.76), number of stems per plant (r?=?0.53), number of leaves per plant (r?=?0.43) and tuber weight (r?=?0.37). Furthermore, tuber yield exhibited a significant negative correlation with days to maturity (r?=???0.39). Days to 50% emergence had a significant negative correlation with protein content (r?=???0.42). Path analysis revealed that the components of yield, number of tubers per plant and tuber weight, had high positive direct effects (0.876 and 0.618, respectively) on tuber yield, whereas the effects of other traits were low (≤?0.128). Furthermore, tuber weight had an indirect negative effect on tuber yield through the number of tubers. Tuber size had a low correlation (0.19) with tuber yield because a positive indirect effect (0.451) through tuber weight was balanced by a negative indirect effect (??0.254) through tuber number. The number of stems and number of leaves had positive indirect effects (0.377 and 0.377, respectively) on tuber yield through tuber numbers, whereas days to maturity had a negative indirect effect (??0.298) through tuber numbers. There were virtually no indirect effects through the biochemical traits. The implications for potato breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
马铃薯品种块茎性状的遗传分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对Mira等 10个马铃薯品种的 2 2个杂交组合无性一代的块茎产量等 8个块茎性状的群体遗传参数和配合力效应进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :淀粉含量的遗传受母本加性效应和亲本间非加性效应控制 ;单个块茎重的遗传受父本加性效应的控制 ;皮色、结薯数和块茎产量的遗传受非加性效应控制 ;薯形、肉色和块茎外观的加性和非加性效应同等重要。两个亲本 (至少有一个 )的一般配合力高的杂交组合后代的群体表现优于双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合 ;而双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合的群体表现优于双亲一般配合力都很低的杂交组合。根据一般配合力选择亲本配制大量杂交组合 ,并从中筛选优良单株和优良TPS组合的方法非常适合于马铃薯育种 相似文献
16.
种植密度是影响马铃薯块茎生长发育的主要因素之一。主栽品种 Mira 和783-1各3种密度的试验结果表明,随着单位面积播种密度的增加,单位面积上的主茎数及块茎数目均增加,而块茎的平均重量及大中薯率则减少。单位面积上的光能截获量与植株干重、块茎干重和块茎的平均重量均呈极显著的直线相关。Mira 和783-1的光能转化系数分别为1.444克干重/兆焦和1.106克干重/兆焦。分配到块茎的干物质比率随着块茎的生长而增加,最终两品种的干物质转化率均为85%左右。而密度对各品种的光能转化率及块茎干重分配率均无显著影响。因此,种植密度主要是通过对单位面积上块茎数量的控制来影响块茎所获得的屯合产物的数量及块茎的生长发育。 相似文献
17.
18.
本试验以7个优良马铃薯品种(系)按不完全双列杂交设计配制组合,分析了群体主要性状与生产力的遗传相关及其配合力效应.结果表明,群体平均单株结薯数、平均块茎重、商品薯数量和产量及小薯数量和产量与群体产量的遗传相关达显著或极显著.平均块茎重、商品薯数量和产量是筛选商品价值较高的优良群体的重要相关性状.亲本的一般配合力效应在平均单株结薯数、平均决茎重、商品薯产量、小薯产量和数量几个性状上对模型Ⅰ差异显著,组合间的特殊配合力效应均达到显著差异.特殊配合力方差为总方差的61.47%～147.52%,表明该群体的生产力主要由非加性基因控制.相对配合力总效应值与产量的相关达极显著水平(r_(3.4)=0.99).综合评定亲本801-5,Katahdin和Baraka在马铃薯群体和品种选育中具有较高的利用价值. 相似文献
19.
本研究以马铃薯极早熟品种“东农３０３”脱毒种薯为试验材料，将种薯分成（２０±５）ｇ和（３０±５）ｇ两组，分别按５个密度进行种植（行距均为７０ｃｍ，株距分别为１２．５、１５．０、１７．５、２０，０和２２．５ｃｍ）．试验结果表明，在哈尔滨的自然条件下，马铃薯块茎产量和单位面积块茎数目随着种植密度的增大而增加，单个块茎重量则随着密度的增加而减少．大种薯（３０±５）ｇ播种可以获得较高的块茎产量．在本试验中，种薯重量为（３０±５）ｇ、株１２．５和１５．０ｃｍ时，获得了较高的块茎产量和较多的块茎数．通过对植株地上部鲜重和叶面积指数变化的分析，表明高密度群体具有发育快、生长旺盛的特点。 相似文献
20.
S. L. Nielsen H. Bång K. Kotkas K. Kristensen J. P. Palohuhta V. Rosenberg K. Tolstrup 《Potato Research》2007,50(2):97-114
The occurrence and magnitude of variation of selected characters in clones derived from meristem tips of four potato cultivars
in field trials in three countries was assessed. Recorded were: the number of plants per plot; maturity of plants; skin and
flesh colour; tuber deformity; time of emergence; flowering; number of stems and tubers per plant; tuber size, yield and dry
matter percentage; and the occurrence of common scab. Far more significant differences between clones than could be expected
by chance were found for the last eight characters. Most of the significant differences for number of stems per plant, number
of tubers, yield and tuber size distribution were found in six clones of three cultivars and were repeated at different locations
and in different years. It is concluded that significant clone differences exist and are repeated at independent locations
over the years. 相似文献