共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 183 毫秒
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【目的】研究新疆南疆地区不同熟性棉花品种棉铃时空分布及产量的差异规律,为新疆南疆地区选择适宜熟性品种种植提供理论依据。【方法】于2020年设置中早熟品种(中棉所96A)、中熟品种(塔河2号、新陆中73号),分析不同熟性棉花品种棉铃时空分布及其产量的变化规律。【结果】中熟品种(塔河2号、新陆中73号)的株高、茎粗显著高于中早熟品种(中棉所96A),塔河2号、新陆中73号的株高较中棉所96A分别增加了22.28%、9.84%,茎粗分别增加了25.01%、11.55%,中熟品种的果枝始节高度大于中早熟品种;“三桃”比例中伏前桃表现为塔河2号>新陆中73号>中棉所96A,伏桃为中棉所96A>新陆中73号>塔河2号,秋桃为新陆中73号>塔河2号>中棉所96A;棉铃空间分布上,中棉所96A的棉铃主要分布在中下部内围铃,而塔河2号和新陆中73号则分布在下部、上部内围铃;中熟品种中部外围铃的蕾铃脱落率高于中早熟品种相同部位;中早熟品种的单铃重显著高于中熟品种,中棉所96A的单铃重较塔河2号、新陆中73号分别增重了3.15%、7.73%,中棉所96A与塔河2号的籽棉产... 相似文献
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【目的】测定不同品种的生育期、生物量、冠层结构、产量及纤维品质等指标,分析其各自的特征差异,筛选出适宜于新疆南疆地区种植的优良棉花品种。为新疆南疆机采棉高产优质栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以6个棉花品种为试验材料,于2016~2018年度在新疆南疆阿拉尔地区设置品种比较试验。【结果】年际与品种对棉花熟性、地上部干物质、光辐射截获率、叶面积指数均存在影响,但品种作用更大。在机采棉种植模式下,鲁棉研36号和中棉所57号早熟,中棉所75号、中棉所88号和中杂7号中熟,中棉所60号晚熟。6个棉花品种相比,中棉所88号生育期适中,叶面积指数和光截获率均最高,干物质积累量最大,其增幅较最低的鲁棉研36号分别达到31.48%~36.59%、25.52%~28.02%,22.85%~29.97%,籽棉和皮棉产量均最高,分别达到6 470.87和2 612.65 kg/hm2,;产量构成因子中,中棉所88号棉铃数高且空间分布更合理,衣分和铃重显著提高,有利于增产;纤维品质指标中,中棉所88号上半部平均度、整齐度数和断裂比强度均最高,3年中均值分别达到30.21 mm、85.12%、30.48 cN/tex,马克隆值和断裂伸长率均最低,纤维品质综合表现较好。【结论】中棉所88号是较为适合南疆种植的棉花品种。 相似文献
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《安徽农业科学》2020,(2)
采用地理信息系统为信息处理技术方法,以黄河流域棉区、长江流域棉区、西北内陆棉区的早熟、中熟和早中熟类型的杂交棉和常规棉品种为试验材料,通过2005—2014年国家级棉花品种区域试验对棉纤维4个主要纤维品质性状(长度、马克隆值、比强度和纺纱均匀性指数)进行地域性分析研究。结果表明,中熟棉品种纤维长度达到纺中高档纱所需长度标准要求;黄河流域的河北北部中熟品种近几年纤维长度下降,长江流域的长江中下游地区纤维长度表现较好;中熟品种的纤维比强度分布大致呈自西向东、由北向南增加的趋势。三大棉区不同熟性类型马克隆值有明显差异。此外,黄河流域棉区的华北平原一带是适宜种植推广中长绒、高比强和高马克隆值的长强粗纤维的常规棉品种的区域,黄河流域棉区的黄土高原一带是适宜种植推广普通高产型的短弱粗纤维的常规棉品种的区域。长江流域中下游棉区是适宜种植推广中长绒、高比强和高马克隆值的长强粗纤维的杂交棉品种区域。而西北内陆棉区的东疆地区是适合推广种植长强细的优质常规棉品种或长绒棉品种的区域,可以作为我国棉纺工业纺髙支纱的重要优质棉生产基地。总之,西北内陆棉区常规棉仍然是我国棉花品质性状表现最具发展潜力的品种类型。 相似文献
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[Objective] This study was to analyze the high yielding, stability, adaptabil-ity and main characteristics of check cultivars in national cotton regional trials in the Yangtze River Val ey in 2000-2013, with the aim to provide theoretical basis for the reasonable selection of check cultivars for cotton regional trials. [Method] GGE biplot analysis method was used to carry out the intensive analysis and comprehensive comparisons on the performances and differences of the 9 major characters of check cultivars, namely, lint cotton yield , stability, and other main traits including bol weight, bol number, lint percentage, fiber length, fiber strength, micronaire val-ue, plant height and seed index. [Result] Ezamian 10 was suitable in the majority of cotton planting regions in the Yangtze River Val ey, with the best high yielding abili-ty and perfect yield stability. The yielding ability of Xiangzamian 8 ranked the sec-ond, but its stability was the poorest. Xiangzamian 8 was of the specific adaptive cultivar with relatively good performance in high yielding but the poorest stability. The suitable planting areas of Xiangzamian 8 were limited to the cotton planting re-gion around Dongting Lake in Hunan province, Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, the Coastal region in Jiangsu Province and Wuhan district in Hubei Province. Xi-angzamian 2 performanced poorer in both yielding and stability, while Simian 3 ranked first in stability but the last in yielding ability. The dominant character of Xi-angzamian 8 and Xiangzamian 2 were high cotton plants and big bol s. Simian 3 performanced super in lint percentage and fiber length. Ezamian 10 was strong in cotton bol formation ability, lint cotton yielding, fiber strength and seed size, as wel as high micronaire value. [Conclusion] The outstanding performance of Ezamian 10 in high and stable yield in the Yangtze River Val ey in recent years has effectively promoted the high yielding ability of candidate varieties in cotton regional trials in the area. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2019,18(11):2492-2504
To optimize the spatial distribution of cotton bolls and to increase the yield, the relationship between yield components and boll spatial distribution was investigated among different Bt (Bacillus thuringensis) cotton varieties. A five-year field experiment was conducted to reveal the reasons for the differences in lint yield and fiber quality across three Bt cotton varieties with different yield formations from 2013 to 2017. The lint yield of Jiman 169 (the average yield from 2013–2017 was 42.2 g/plant) was the highest, i.e., 16.3 and 36.9% higher than Lumianyan 21 (L21) and Daizimian 99B (99B), respectively. And the differences in boll weight among the three cultivars were similar to the lint yield, while the others yield components were not. So the increase in lint yield was mainly attributed to the enlargement in boll weight. However, the change in fiber quality was inconsistent with the lint yield, and the quality of L21 was significantly better than that of Jimian 169 (J169) and 99B, which was caused by the diversity of boll spatial distribution. Compared with 99B, the loose-type J169 had the highest number of large bolls in inner positions; the tight-type L21 had a few large bolls and the highest number of lower and middle bolls. And approximately 80.72% of the lint yield was concentrated on the inner nodes in Jiman 169, compared with 77.44% of L21 and 66.73% of 99B during the five-year experiment. Although lint yield was significantly affected by the interannual changes, the lint yield of J169 was the highest and the most stable, as well as its yield components. These observations demonstrated the increase in lint yield was due to the increase in boll weight, and the large bolls and high fiber quality were attributed to the optimal distribution of bolls within the canopies. 相似文献
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Wen-qing ZHAO You WU Zahoor Rizwan You-hua WANG Yi-na MA Bing-lin CHEN Ya-li MENG Zhi-guo ZHOU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(5):1106-1119
Two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars, Kemian 1 (cool temperature-tolerant) and Sumian 15 (cool temperature-sensitive) were used to study the effects of cool temperature on carbohydrates, yield, and fiber quality in cotton bolls located at different fruiting positions (FP). Cool temperatures were created using late planting and low light. The experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 using two planting dates (OPD, the optimized planting date, 25 April; LPD, the late planting date, 10 June) and two shading levels of crop relative light rate (CRLR, 100 and 60%). Compared with fruiting position 1 (FP1), cotton yield and yield components (fiber quality, leaf sucrose and starch content, and fiber cellulose) were all decreased on FP3 under all treatments. Compared with OPD-CRLR 100%, other treatments (OPD-CRLR 60%, LPD-CRLR 100%, and LPD-CRLR 60%) had significantly decreased lint yield at both FPs of both cultivars, but especially at FP3 and in Sumian 15; this decrease was mainly caused by a large decline in boll number. All fiber quality indices decreased under late planting and shading except fiber length at FP1 with OPD-CRLR 60%, and a greater reduction was observed at FP3 and in Sumian 15. Sucrose content of the subtending leaf and fiber increased under LPD compared to OPD, whereas it decreased under CRLR 60% compared to CRLR 100%, which led to decreased fiber cellulose content. Therefore, shading primarily decreased the “source” sucrose content in the subtending leaf whereas late planting diminished translocation of sucrose towards cotton fiber. Notably, as planting date was delayed and light was decreased, more carbohydrates were distributed to leaf and bolls at FP1 than those at FP3, resulting in higher yield and better fiber quality at FP1, and a higher proportion of bolls and carbohydrates allocated at FP3 of Kemian 1 compared to that of Sumian 15. In conclusion, cotton yield and fiber quality were reduced less at FP1 compared to those at FP3 under low temperature and low light conditions. Thus, reduced cotton yield and fiber quality loss can be minimized by selecting low temperature tolerant cultivars under both low temperature and light conditions. 相似文献
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冀南地区不同密度对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以鲁棉研28为试材,在冀南地区研究了不同种植密度对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响。结果表明：随密度增加,棉花株高、单株铃数、单铃重呈下降趋势,伏前桃比例增加而伏桃比例降低,单位面积铃数、皮棉产量先增加后降低;8.7万株/hm2时皮棉产量达到最大值,但在5.1万株/hm2到10.5万株/hm2之间皮棉产量差异不显著;密度对衣分和纤维品质影响不大;多雨年份,不同密度棉花株高、单铃重、衣分和皮棉产量均高于干旱年份,低密度成铃率高而高密度成铃率低。 相似文献
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采用常规抗虫棉花品种中571,在郑州市黄河滩区一年一熟、地膜覆盖的栽培条件下,设计小播量(6.75kg·hm~(-2))、中播量(9.00 kg·hm~(-2))、大播量(11.25 kg·hm~(-2))3个免间定苗处理,以常规播量(22.5 kg·hm~(-2))间定苗为对照,研究了不同播量对机播免间定苗棉花成铃及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,大播量免间定苗处理的子棉和皮棉产量最高,子棉产量和皮棉产量分别比对照增加5.10%和4.93%。但3个播量机播免间定苗处理与对照的子棉和皮棉产量差异均不显著,而小播量免间定苗比大播量免间定苗处理的子棉显著减产。免间定苗处理对棉花纤维品质无不良影响。大播量免间定苗处理增产的主要原因是总成铃数显著增加,而铃重和衣分差异不显著。且大播量免间定苗处理成铃时空分布更加合理,有利于集中成铃和早熟。在本试验条件下,加大播量可以弥补免间定苗形成的株距分布不均,中571采用11.25 kg·hm~(-2)的播量免间定苗较为适宜,播量低至6.75 kg·hm~(-2)时造成棉花减产。 相似文献
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新疆海岛棉主要育成品种性状特征与系谱来源分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】了解中国新疆海岛棉育成品种性状表现,研究其遗传基础,为资源利用提供支持。【方法】2013~2016年,对58份新疆海岛棉育成品种资源材料采用同一生态区连续集中种植的方法进行鉴定,研究其性状表现和系谱关系。【结果】枯萎病发病率品种间变异系变数大,达到89.2%,果枝类型次之,为48.6%;株高(13.0%)、始果枝节位(15.0%)、单株铃数(18.0%)、纤维强力(10.7%)、纤维黄度(11.0%)变异系数较高,其他性状变异较小(＜10%)。除早期育成的4个品种外,不同时期育成品种均为零式果枝类型,平均株高、单铃重、子指、纤维长度、比强度呈逐年代增加的趋势,2010年后增长较为迅速,较2000年品种分别增加13.4%、9.7%、8.1%、5.5%、9.8%,枯萎病抗性显著提高,衣分增加较慢,絮色变白,近年来主栽品种铃期微增,单株铃数、铃重增加,抗病性变强。从系谱看,新疆海岛棉育成品种主要来源于中亚埃及型,其中8763И、5230Ф和2И3、9122И主要分别用于吐鲁番盆地和塔里木盆地品种的改良,不同时期突破性的中间材料的注入是新疆海岛棉纤维品质、抗性提升的基础。性状聚类结果与系谱分析一致。【结论】中国新疆海岛棉品种近10a育成品种在主要经济性状方面较之前品种提升迅速,特别是铃重、纤维品质与抗病性改良作用显著。育成品种骨干亲本主要来源于中亚国家,早期品种遗传基础狭窄,2010年品种遗传背景较为复杂。海岛棉育种应在优质、高效、可持续的前提下,寻求扩大资源来源途径,挖掘种质潜力,丰富品种类型,为新疆海岛棉产业发展提供支撑。 相似文献
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[目的]研究在不同种植密度下棉花生长状况、棉铃特征和产量变化,为沿江棉区找寻高产优质的合理种植密度提供理论参考。[方法]以湘杂棉8号为试验材料,起始密度为12000株/hm2,密度梯度为9000株/hm2,共设6个处理。研究其生长周期、产量、棉铃、棉纤维等特征变化。[结果]密度对棉花的株高和其各生长周期影响不大,不同密度处理中籽棉衣分、纤维品质差异不明显,但对单铃重、＂三桃＂分布、蕾铃脱落率、僵烂比及产量等均有较大影响,且差异显著。基本规律为：棉花单铃重和伏桃比随着种植密度增加而降低,脱落率和僵烂比随着密度增加而增加;但都在处理5时表现最差。皮棉产量以处理2、3和4较高,最高的为处理3,密度最低的处理1产量最低。[结论]通过试验数据分析,在沿江棉区种植杂交抗虫棉以30000株/hm2的种植密度最佳。 相似文献