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1.
Progress in understanding hormonal regulation during the postembryonic development of Helicoverpa armigera 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHAO Xiao-fan 《农业科学学报》2020,19(6):1417-1428
Lepidoptera, with 0.16 million species, is the second largest order of insecta. This order includes silk worms, butterflies, and many agricultural pests. The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner) is one of the pests in Lepidoptera that seriously harms cotton plant and other crops in China and other countries. This pest develops resistance to chemical insecticides rapidly. Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) transgenic cotton plants are developed to control H. armigera population in the field. However, during the past years, the rapid evolution of Bt toxin resistance is observed in H. armigera in transgenic cotton fields. New approaches for the development of new environmentally friendly insecticides to control H. armigera have become necessary, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiological processes of this species need to be further understood. Considerable progress in the study of H. armigera development and physiology has been achieved in the last decade. This mini-review summarizes the main findings on the molecular mechanisms of hormonal regulation of the development of H. armigera to present new target genes for developing new approaches to control the pest. 相似文献
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春直播棉主要害虫和天敌生态位研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
和比方春直播棉不同时期内，棉株上、中、下部棉蚜、棉叶螨，棉铃虫及其主要天敌的数量。求得各时期害与害虫、害虫与天敌，天敌与天敌之间的生态位宽度和生态位重 叠指数，并分析了它们彼此在空间上的竞争关系。 相似文献
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Yin-jun FAN Fen LI Abd Allah A.H. Mohammed Xiao-qin YI Min ZHANG Nicolas Desneux Xi-wu GAO 《农业科学学报》2018,17(3):631-639
Aphids are considered as one of the key pests for wheat production worldwide. Major aphid species that infest wheat in China include Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum and Metopolophium dirhodum. However, during our wheat field survey in Wenshang County of Shangdong Province, China, we observed that Aphis gossypii can feed on wheat. The damage risk of A. gossypii on wheat was assessed using host shift method. A population of A. gossypii collected from a wheat field in 2015 and another population reared on cotton under laboratory conditions for a decade without exposure to insecticides were used in the study. The results of host shift demonstrated that the A. gossypii colony from wheat has not yet developed wheat specialization. Moreover, the assessment of A. gossypii fitness on wheat and cotton showed that fecundity and net reproductive rate of A. gossypii population fed on wheat was significantly higher comparing to the population fed on cotton, whether the initial host of A. gossypii population was wheat or cotton. This study raises a warning that the cotton aphid has potential to establish well on wheat and it may cause significant effects under specific circumstances. Therefore, future studies are required to evaluate the effects of A. gossypii on wheat production. 相似文献
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Carmine spider mites(Tetranychus cinnabarinus) and cotton aphids(Aphis gossypii) are both serious pests of cotton,and cause reductions in yields of this key agricultural crop.In order to gain insights into how plant defense responses induced by one herbivore species affect the behavior and performance of another,we examined how infestation with T.cinnabarinus influences the development of A.gossypii using cotton as a model.In this study,we measured the activities of several important biochemical markers and secondary metabolites in the leaves of cotton seedlings responding to infestation by T.cinnabarinus.Furthermore,the influences of T.cinnabarinus infestation on the development of A.gossypii in cotton were also examined.Our data showed that the activities of several key defense enzymes,including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),peroxidase(POD),lipoxygenase(LOX),and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),were substantially increased in cotton seedlings responding to spider mite infestation.Further,the contents of gossypol and condensed tannins,key defensive compounds,were significantly enhanced in leaves of cotton seedlings following T.cinnabarinus infestation.Moreover,the T.cinnabarinus-induced production of defense enzymes and secondary metabolites was correlated with infestation density.The developmental periods of A.gossypii on cotton seedling leaves infested with T.cinnabarinus at densities of 10 and 15 individuals cm–2 were 1.16 and 1.18 times that of control,respectively.Meanwhile,the mean relative growth rates of A.gossypii on cotton leaves infested with T.cinnabarinus at densities of 8,10 and 15 individuals cm–2 were significantly reduced.Therefore,these data suggested that the developmental periods of A.gossypii were significantly lengthened and the mean relative growth rates were markedly reduced when cotton aphids were reared on plants infested with high densities of spider mites.This research sheds light on the role that inducible defense responses played in plant-mediated interspecific interactions between T.cinnabarinus and A.gossypii. 相似文献
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A sublethal concentration of afidopyropen suppresses the population growth of the cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important insect pest of cotton crops worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the acute toxicity of afidopyropen and whether there are any effects of sublethal concentrations of afidopyropen on the biological characteristics of A. gossypii. The results showed that afidopyropen possesses high acute toxicity to adult A. gossypii with a 72 h LC50 value of 1.062 mg L–1. A sublethal concentration (LC10) of afidopyropen significantly decreased adult longevity, fecundity and oviposition days of female adults in both F0 and F1 generations. The total pre-adult survival of F1 progeny was also significantly reduced by 30% at the LC10 of afidopyropen. In addition, the nymph developmental time, pre-adult period, adult pre-reproductive period (APRP), and total pre-reproductive period (TPRP) of the F1 progeny were significantly prolonged compared with the control. Several population parameters, including the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) of F1 progeny were significantly decreased by a sublethal afidopyropen concentration exposure. These results indicated that sublethal concentration of afidopyropen can significantly suppress A. gossypii population growth. It would be useful for assessing the overall effects of afidopyropen on A. gossypii. 相似文献
6.
ZHANG Shuai LUO Jun-yu WANG Li WANG Chun-yi Lü Li-min ZHANG Li-juan ZHU Xiang-zhen CUI Jin-jie 《农业科学学报》2018,17(9):2066-2073
Aphis gossypii is a globally distributed species and therefore has a highly variable life cycle. Populations of A. gossypii in northern China exhibit greater genotypic diversity and a broader host range, yet the details of life cycles of different biotypes is still unclear. In this study, the Cytb and 16S gene regions of A.gossypii collected from 5 common summer hosts and 4 primary hosts were analyzed. A total of 57 haplotypes were obtained from 1 046 individual A.gossypii sequences. The sequence included 44 variable sites, 27 of which were parsimony informative sites and 17 of which were singleton variable sites. The most frequent 3 haplotypes were found in 896 individuals, representing a total of 85.7% of all individuals and 36 haplotypes were found in 1 individual. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed using 21 haplotypes that were found in more than 2 individuals. Considering the individual host plant, 5 biotypes were identified. Type 1 corresponded exactly to the cucurbit host-race and the other 4 biotypes were found as cotton host-races. Type 3 was the most abundant biotype in cotton fields in northern China. 相似文献
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棉铃虫是中国棉花主要害虫之一,降水量对其种群数量具重要影响。采用连续10a棉铃虫第2代和第3代的百株卵量与同期降水量指标资料,通过相关系数法筛选出10个预测第2代、第3代棉铃虫的降水量指标,采用主成分分析法建立第2代、第3代棉铃虫百株卵量的特征预测模型。检验结果表明,第2代棉铃虫的预测模型信度较好,历史符合率为70%;而第3代棉铃虫的预测模型信度较差,历史符合率为40%。由于入选因子均为前兆因子,因此,第2代棉铃虫的预测模型可用于区域棉铃虫发生程度的监测和预警研究。 相似文献
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南疆地区棉田蚜虫种群数量动态研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
2002～2004年研究了南疆地区棉花蚜虫的发生和种群动态及棉花品种的影响.结果表明为害棉花的蚜虫有棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)、棉长管蚜(Acyrthosiphon gossypii Mordvilko)、桃蚜(Myzus persicae Sulzer)、拐枣蚜(Xerophilaphis plothikovi Nevsky)和棉黑蚜(Aphis atrata Zhang),其中棉蚜和棉长管蚜是主要为害种类.2002、2003和2004年,棉蚜和棉长管蚜的最高密度分别为15 138和2 787头/百株,25 333和1 213头/百株,343 925和13 643头/百株.对转基因抗虫棉GK19(表达Cry1A杀虫蛋白)、SGK321(表达Cry1A+CpTI杀虫蛋白)和普通棉花泗棉3号、石远321的研究表明几种蚜虫在不同品种上的季节性数量动态没有显著性差别. 相似文献
10.
吐鲁番市棉田主要害虫发生动态及防治药剂筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]明确吐鲁番市棉田主要害虫的灾变规律并筛选防治药剂。[方法]采用田间系统调查方法对棉花上主要害虫的发生规律进行研究,并以棉蚜和烟粉虱为试验对象,进行了几种防治药剂的筛选试验。[结果]通过3年连续田间调查,确定吐鲁番市高昌区棉田主要害虫为棉蚜、棉铃虫和烟粉虱,棉蚜的种群动态均呈双峰型变化趋势,高峰期分别为6月中旬和7月上旬;棉铃虫的种群动态呈现无规律的波浪形变化;烟粉虱的种群动态呈单峰型,7月上旬种群数量明显增加。棉蚜、棉铃虫和烟粉虱3种棉田主要害虫的全年总虫量在不同年份间差异显著。田间药剂筛选试验结果表明:苦参碱和阿维菌素防治棉蚜效果较好,施药后15 d防效分别达97.7%和96.2%;噻虫嗪防治烟粉虱效果最好,施药后15 d防效可达95.17%,有较好的持效性。[结论]试验结果为棉蚜、棉铃虫和烟粉虱的综合防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
《农业科学学报》2012,11(3):430-438
The full-length sequence of the odorant binding protein 5 gene, HarmOBP5, was obtained from an antennae cDNA library of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The cDNA contains a 444 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein with 147 amino acids, namely HarmOBP5. HarmOBP5 was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the purified protein can be used for further investigation of its binding characteristics. Competitive binding assays with 113 odorant chemicals indicated that HarmOBP5 has strong affinity to some special plant volatiles, including (E)-ß-farnesene, ethyl butyrate, ethyl heptanoate, and acetic acid 2-methylbutyl ester. Based on three-dimensional (3D) model of AaegOBP1 from Aedes aegypti, a 3D model of HarmOBP5 was predicted. The model revealed that some key binding residues in HarmOBP5 may play important roles in odorant perception of H. armigera. This study provides clues for better understanding physiological functions of OBPs in H. armigera and other insects. 相似文献
12.
The 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) activities of cytochrome P450s and differential expression of six cytochrome P450 genes induced by the volatiles from both damaged and undamaged maize plants were investigated in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The ECOD activity changed with time of exposure to maize volatiles. At 36 h after cotton bollworm larvae exposure to maize volatiles, the ECOD activities in cotton bollworm damaged and artificially damaged groups were 2.36 and 4.53 times higher than the control group respectively. The relative expression levels of CYP4S1, CYP6B2 and CYP6B7 in the cotton bollworm were significantly increased in artificially damaged plant group, which was 2.93, 5.09 and 10.66 times higher than that in the control group, respectively. The expression levels of CYP6B2, CYP6B6, CYP9A12, and CYP9A14 were much lower in the larvae exposure to volatiles from both healthy and pest damaged maize seedlings than in the control group at 12 h after larvae exposure to maize volatiles. For the cotton bollworm damaged maize group, the expression of CYP4S1 and CYP9A14 increased. 相似文献
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棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)的苗蚜和伏蚜为害春套棉、夏套棉和夏直播棉形成的卷叶株的空间分布,经4种频次比较法测定,属负二项式分布或核心分布;经6种聚集指标公式测定,属聚集分布。求得了它们的理论抽样次数。分析提出以双对角线10点取样,苗蚜期每点20株、伏蚜期每点10株取样调查方法。组建了它们的序贯抽样调查表,为实施防治指标调查等提供了科学依据。 相似文献
15.
重瓣曼陀罗对粘虫和蚜虫的杀虫活性研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
研究了盛花期重瓣曼陀罗不同部位不同极性溶剂粗提物对粘虫、蚜虫的杀虫活性,结果表明,在重瓣曼陀罗不同部位不同极性溶剂粗提物中,对粘虫的触杀作用以石油醚粗提物为最强,死亡率达48.67%;其次是乙酸乙酯粗提物,死亡率达35.33%。不同部位的甲醇粗提物对粘虫无拒食作用;不同部位不同极性溶剂粗提物对粘虫卵基本无杀伤作用。对桃蚜和棉蚜的触杀作用以种子的乙酸乙酯粗提物为最好,死亡率为45.15%～61.75%;其次为石油醚粗提物,死亡率为22.06%～58.42%。对麦长管蚜的触杀作用以种子的石油醚粗提物为最好,可达41.71%;其次是乙酸乙酯粗提物,死亡率为32.85%。 相似文献
16.
Cotton growers face a problem of low cotton yield in late planting (after sunflower and maize). The objective of our study
was to determine the effects of planting date, plant spacing (plant density), and genotypes on seed cotton yield and its components,
ginning outturn (GOT%), and fiber quality traits (fiber length and fiber fineness). Five planting dates (May 1, May 15, May
30, June 15, and June 30), three plant spacings (15, 30, and 45 cm), and three cotton genotypes (CRS-6070, CRS-738, and CIM-496)
were evaluated for seed cotton yield with its components and fiber quality traits. The results showed that monopodial branches/plant,
sympodial branches/plant, number of bolls/plant, and seed cotton yield differed significantly among different planting dates,
plant spacing, and genotypes. While the boll weight was significantly different among genotypes only. GOT%, fiber length,
and fiber fineness were different significantly among planting time and cotton genotypes, which were not significantly affected
by plant spacing. Cotton grown in early planting dates had higher seed cotton yield (4874 and 4653 kg/hm2) at the highest plant spacing (45 cm). While late sown cotton (June 15 onward) gave higher seed cotton yields (2068 and 1889
kg/hm2) at the lowest plant spacing (15 cm). GOT%, fiber length, and fiber fineness improved significantly in late planting and
not affected from plant spacing. From our present study, it is concluded that high seed cotton yield can be achieved at high
plant spacing in early planting while at low plant spacing in late planting. 相似文献
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【目的】通过对紫藤Wisteria sinensis种子提取物的化学成分分析及杀蚜活性测定和抗氧化活性评价,为紫藤种子资源在植物源农药领域的利用提供基础。【方法】以紫藤种子提取物为材料,采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF/MS)技术进行成分分析,以微量点滴法开展对棉蚜Aphis gossypii的触杀毒力测定,用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除法进行抗氧化活性评价。【结果】从紫藤种子石油醚提取物中检测到61种化合物,主要包括酯类、烷烃类、芳香烃类等化合物,其中相对含量大于9%的化合物有:对二甲苯(14.33%)、十一烷(11.89%)、1,4-二乙基苯(11.02%)和癸烷(9.54%)。紫藤种子提取物对棉蚜的致死中质量浓度(LC50)为193.22mg·L~(-1)(处理后24 h)。同时,紫藤种子提取物具有抗氧化活性,对DPPH的抑制中质量浓度(IC50)为4.15 g·L~(-1)。【结论】紫藤种子提取物具有较强的杀蚜活性,有望作为植物源杀蚜剂用于棉蚜的防治。 相似文献
19.
Identification and functional characterization of ApisOr23 in pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 HUANG Tian-yu ZHANG Rui-bin YANG Lu-lu CAO Song Frederic FRANCIS WANG Bing WANG Gui-rong 《农业科学学报》2022,21(5):1414-1423
Pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is a serious pest of many different leguminous plants, and it mainly relies on its odorant receptors (Ors) to discriminate among host species. However, less is known about the role that Ors play in the host plant location. In this study, we identified a novel conserved odorant receptor clade by phylogenetic analysis, and conducted the functional analysis of ApisOr23 in A. pisum. The results showed that the homologous Ors from A. pisum, Aphis glycines and Aphis gossypii share 94.28% identity in amino acid sequences. Moreover, conserved motifs were analyzed using the annotated homologous Or23 from eight aphid species, providing further proof of the high conservation level of the Or23 clade. According to the tissue expression pattern analysis, ApisOr23 was mainly expressed in the antennae. Further functional study using a heterologous Xenopus expression system revealed that ApisOr23 was tuned to five plant volatiles, namely trans-2-hexen-1-al, cis-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-heptanol, 4´-ethylacetophenone, and hexyl acetate. Among them, trans-2-hexen-1-al, which is one of the main volatile organic compounds released from legume plants, activated the highest response of ApisOr23. Our findings suggest that the conserved Or23 clade in most aphid species might play an important role in host plant detection. 相似文献
20.
D. N. Kambrekar K. A. Kulkarni R. S. Giraddi J. H. Kulkarni B. Fakrudin 《Precision Agriculture》2009,10(5):450-457
Investigations were carried out on Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (HaNPV) isolates collected from different parts of India to study their genetic diversity through
molecular characterization and their assessment in the IPM of Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea under field conditions. Variations were found in the DNA profiling of different HaNPV isolates. The similarity
matrix relating the different isolates showed similarity co-efficients ranging from 0.38 to 0.82. The highest genetic similarity
index of 0.82 was seen between the isolates from Raichur and Guntur followed by 0.77 between the isolates from Coimbatore
and Raichur. Field evaluation of different HaNPV isolates against H. armigera in the chickpea ecosystem at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka
for 2 years revealed that the performance of the Gulbarga and Coimbatore isolates was better than that of others in terms
of their ability to cause greater larval mortality of H. armigera with a greater yield of chickpea. The Incremental Benefit Cost Ratio was highest with the Gulbarga (2.88) and Coimbatore
(2.83) isolates, followed by the Dharwad isolate (2.39).
This research paper was presented in the 2nd conference on precision crop protection held at the University of Bonn, Germany
during 10–12th October 2007. 相似文献