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1.
山西中部油松生态系统碳储量研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以山西中部油松生态系统为研究对象,设置样地测算乔木、灌木、草本及凋落物的生物量,钻取并分析0～100cm土层土样150份,最后依据相关方程,得出各层次及生态系统的含碳率和碳储量。结果表明:植被含碳率变化于42.88%～48.39%,凋落物含碳率平均为45.1%,0～100cm土层含碳率变化于0.22%～1.92%。油松生态系统平均碳储量为131.37Mg·hm-2,其中植被平均碳储量为46.37Mg·hm-2,占生态系统碳储量的35.3%,植被各层碳储量的顺序为乔木(44.30Mg·hm-2)灌木(1.15Mg·hm-2)草本(0.92Mg·hm-2);土壤平均碳储量为77.38Mg·hm-2,占生态系统碳储量的58.9%,是植被与凋落物碳储量的1.67倍和10倍,且随着土层深度的增加而递减;凋落物平均碳储量为7.61Mg·hm-2,仅占生态系统碳储量5.8%。  相似文献   

2.
克拉玛依人工林生物量与土壤理化性质   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对人工林与其周围荒漠灌木群落生物量及其土壤的物理化学性质的变化分析,结果表明:1克拉玛依人工杨树林林下植被层和凋落物层生物量为5.87 t·hm-2,荒漠灌木群落生物量为0.74 t·hm-2,人工林明显高于其周围荒漠;2林地土壤养分在不同土壤层次中的含量较荒漠有不同程度的降低,容重增加,但土壤含水率有较大提高;3人工林地土壤有机质含量偏低,表层土壤有机质较荒漠降低8.83%,但林地10~30 cm和30~50 cm层土壤分别增加20.74%和33.13%;4林内各层土壤含水率与凋落物层生物量呈显著正相关,土壤养分与生物量相关性不大。  相似文献   

3.
人工林生态系统的固碳作用对缓解全球气候变化发挥着重大的作用.以山西太岳山31年生落叶松人工林为研究对象,通过野外调查和室内分析,对其生物量、各组分碳含量、碳储量及空间分布进行了测定.结果表明:1)华北落叶松单木生物量和胸径、树高之间存在紧密的相关关系.林分平均生物量为166.82t·hm-2.各层次按大小排列为:乔木层(111.95t·hm-2)＞枯落物层(36.67t·hm-2)＞草本层(17.85t·hm-2)＞灌木层(0.35t·hm-2).2)华北落叶松人工林生态系统各组分平均碳含量为(单位:gC·g-1):树干0.4846、树皮0.5030、树枝0.4753、树叶0.4732、根系0.4563、灌木层0.4161、草本层0.2898、土壤层(0～60cm)0.0176,随着土壤深度增加碳含量逐渐降低.3)华北落叶松人工林生态系统总碳储量为178.3t· hm-2,其中土壤层为最大碳库,储量为112.97t·hm-2,占总碳储量的63.36％.植被层总碳储量为59.06t·hm-2,占总碳储量的33.13％.按大小顺序排列为乔木层54.06t·hm-2、草本层4.85t· hm-2、灌木层0.15t· hm-2.枯落物层碳储量为6.26t·hm-2,占总储量的3.51％.4)华北落叶松人工林乔木层年净生产力为9.21t·hm-2·a-1,碳素年平均固定量为4.38t·hm-2·a-1.  相似文献   

4.
由于对陆地生态系统土壤、植被碳蓄积量了解的缺乏,故在预测气候变化中存在较大分歧,因此很有必要对不同生态系统碳分布情况进行研究。本文以干旱盐湖为研究对象,探究盐湖生态系统碳分布特征。结果表明:土壤有机碳密度分布随土层深度的增加而降低,土壤无机碳呈无规律分布;100 cm土层内有机碳密度介于7.55~15.75 kg·m~(-2)之间,平均为12.54 kg·m~(-2),占植物群落和土壤总有机碳密度的97.84%。黑果枸杞和铃铛刺为盐生群落的优势种,地上平均生物量为261.38 g·m~(-2),占总生物量的70.49%,草本植物群落平均生物量仅为109.45g·m~(-2);灌木和草本层地上生物量显著高于凋落物层(84.81±9.22)g·m~(-2)和(79.76±8.61)g·m~(-2)。盐生植物地下生物量随土层的增加而降低,0~100 cm土层总地下生物量为77.74 g·m~(-2)。盐生植物总生物量碳密度为276.48 g·m~(-2),其中地上、凋落物和地下生物量分别占62.09%、25.75%和12.16%;地上植被和凋落物碳密度显著高于草本植物,根系生物量碳密度在剖面上分布不均,96.55%集中在0~50 cm土层。盐生植物地上地下以及凋落物平均碳含量43.09%,与经验系数(50%)换算得到碳密度相比实际碳密度高出13.80%,这将对植被碳储量的估算产生较大的偏差。  相似文献   

5.
由于对陆地生态系统土壤、植被碳蓄积量了解的缺乏,故在预测气候变化中存在较大分歧,因此很有必要对不同生态系统碳分布情况进行研究。本文以干旱盐湖为研究对象,探究盐湖生态系统碳分布特征。结果表明：土壤有机碳密度分布随土层深度的增加而降低,土壤无机碳呈无规律分布;100 cm土层内有机碳密度介于7.55-15.75 kg·m^-2之间,平均为12.54 kg·m^-2,占植物群落和土壤总有机碳密度的97.84%。黑果枸杞和铃铛刺为盐生群落的优势种,地上平均生物量为261.38 g·m^-2,占总生物量的70.49%,草本植物群落平均生物量仅为109.45g·m^-2;灌木和草本层地上生物量显著高于凋落物层（84.81±9.22）g·m^-2和（79.76±8.61）g·m^-2。盐生植物地下生物量随土层的增加而降低,0-100 cm土层总地下生物量为77.74 g·m^-2。盐生植物总生物量碳密度为276.48 g·m^-2,其中地上、凋落物和地下生物量分别占62.09%、25.75%和12.16%;地上植被和凋落物碳密度显著高于草本植物,根系生物量碳密度在剖面上分布不均,96.55%集中在0-50 cm土层。盐生植物地上地下以及凋落物平均碳含量43.09%,与经验系数（50%）换算得到碳密度相比实际碳密度高出13.80%,这将对植被碳储量的估算产生较大的偏差。  相似文献   

6.
以中国境内阿尔泰山小东沟林区ETM+遥感影像数据和林分乔木生物量抽样调查数据为基础,选取比值植被指数、归一化差异植被指数、土壤调节植被指数、差值植被指数和近红外光百分比植被指数,分析了该林区植被指数与乔木地上生物量之间的相关性,并对生物量相关性最高的植被指数建立了植被指数与乔木地上生物量的线性回归预测模型。以预测模型为基础,利用ArcGIS 9.1软件的空间分析功能生成了小东沟林区乔木地上生物量空间分布图。生物量残差图中较强、中等和较低预测面积分别为66.60%、30.31%和3.09%,表明小东沟林区生物量空间分布的预测效果较好。将生物量空间分布预测图分别与坡度、坡向和海拔图叠加分析表明:小东沟林区乔木地上部分的生物量以斜陡坡(15°~35°)的最高(200~250 t·hm~(-2)),平缓坡(0°~15°)次之(150~200 t·hm~(-2)),急险坡(35°)的最低(100~150 t·hm~(-2))。东南、南坡向的生物量较低,而其余坡向的生物量较高。较低海拔(1 042~1 400 m)的生物量最低(100~150 t·hm~(-2)),中海拔(1 400~1 900 m)的最高(200~250 t·hm~(-2)),高海拔(1 900 m)生物量居中(150~200 t·hm~(-2))。说明利用遥感影像提取的植被指数可以很好地预测小东沟林区乔木的地上生物量,生物量的空间变化与地形因子有着密切的关系。  相似文献   

7.
利用NPP实测法对通辽市杨树人工林各层次、林木各器官的含碳率以及碳密度进行了研究。结果表明:林木各器官含碳率的变化范围在35.96%~52.39%之间,排序为叶皮枝干根;草本层含碳率的变化范围在34.93%~44.24%之间;枯落物层含碳率的变化范围在34.19%~39.44%之间;土壤各层有机碳含量(土壤含碳率)的变化范围在0.41~21.14g·kg-1之间。杨树人工林碳密度为100.44t·hm-2,其中林木为27.27t·hm-2;草本层为0.13t·hm-2;枯落物层为0.65t·hm-2;土壤碳密度为72.38t·hm-2,土壤有机碳含量和碳密度均呈现随着土层深度的增加而逐渐下降的变化规律。文中对于杨树人工林含碳率的研究为今后更精确的测算当地杨树人工林碳储量提供数据基础及理论依据,也将为今后通辽市林业发展及碳汇造林提供科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
生物炭对土壤酶活性和糜子产量的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
为探讨生物炭对土壤主要酶活性和糜子产量的影响,采用糜子盆栽种植方式,分别在砂土、壤土和盐土三种土壤上设置了生物炭施用量为B0(0 t·hm-2)、B15(15 t·hm-2)、B30(30 t·hm-2)、B45(45 t·hm-2)和B60(60 t·hm-2)五个水平。结果表明:砂土、壤土和盐土这三种土壤分别对应生物炭用量为45 t·hm-2、45 t·hm-2和30 t·hm-2时土壤总体酶活性(Et)达到最高,并且盐土、砂土和壤土的总体酶活性指标最大值分别比相应对照B0增加16.59%、7.29%、4.07%,说明生物炭对盐土酶活性的影响显著高于砂土,砂土高于壤土;在砂土中施用生物炭后,对糜子有明显的增产效果,而壤土和盐土上增产效果不显著;生物炭的施用还促进了砂土中糜子生物量的积累,并且在壤土上糜子的生物量的积累高于盐土和砂土。总之,在土壤中施用生物炭,不仅可以促进糜子增产,增加土壤总体酶活性,还可以改良土壤生物学特性。  相似文献   

9.
近年来,我国人工林面积不断增加,人工林在我国陆地森林生态系统碳收支中的作用越来越大。以克拉玛依人工杨树林和荒漠灌木林为研究对象,通过样地调查,对生物量及碳储量、碳密度、碳汇功能等进行了估算。通过实测数据及模型分析,得出以下基本结论:1该人工杨树林单位面积生物量平均为51.30 t·hm-2;碳密度平均为24.59 t·hm-2,碳储量为73 715.41 t,说明其发挥着一定的碳汇作用。2与荒漠环境下灌木林对比结果表明,克拉玛依人工杨树林单位面积生物量增加了50.56 t·hm-2,碳密度增加了24.26 t·hm-2,碳储量增加了72 726.14 t,表明在干旱区荒漠环境下通过造林来增加区域陆地植被碳汇,进而达到碳减排的目的是可行的。  相似文献   

10.
植物生物量分配特征及其向土壤中的物质输入是退化沙质草地生态系统恢复,尤其是土壤碳含量增加的关键环节。本研究以科尔沁沙地不同恢复阶段的流动沙丘、半固定沙丘、固定沙丘和封育草地为研究对象,调查分析草本植被生物量分配特征、根系性状和土壤理化性质特征,厘清生物量分配特征和根系性状与土壤碳的相互关系。结果发现：随着沙化草地逐步恢复,植被地上生物量、根系生物量、地表凋落物以及地下残体均呈显著的增加趋势（P<0.01）,相对于沙化严重的流动沙丘,半固定沙丘、固定沙丘和封育草地的植物总干物质（生物量+凋落物）分别增加了11.0%、116.3%和151.2%。与生物量变化趋势相同,土壤碳含量随沙化草地的逐步恢复显著增加（P<0.05）,其中0～10 cm层的增加速率高于10～20 cm层。结构方程模型（SEM）分析显示,0～10 cm层土壤碳含量受地表凋落物、地下残体和根表面积3个因素的影响,10～20 cm层土壤碳含量仅受地下残体和根表面积两个因素的影响,同时,两层土壤碳含量均与地上生物量无显著的关系。研究结果表明,在退化沙质草地恢复过程中,土壤碳含量主要受凋落物输入以及根系性状的影响,而...  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.  相似文献   

19.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

20.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

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