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1.
Isolation and enumeration of amylase, cellulase and protease‐producing autochthonous bacteria in the proximal intestine (PI) and distal intestine (DI) of three species of Indian major carps, catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) and rohu (Labeo rohita), were investigated using the conventional culture‐based technique. Population levels of amylolytic strains were the highest in the PI of catla and the lowest in the DI of rohu. The highest viable count of cellulase and protease‐producing bacteria was recorded in the DI and PI of mrigal respectively. Among the bacteria isolated, 10 strains (five from PI and five from DI) were selected as potent enzyme producers according to a quantitative enzyme assay. The chosen strains were further identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The five strains isolated from catla showed high similarity to Citrobacter sp. clone W2, Enterobacter sp. JA24, Bacillus coagulans strain TR, uncultured bacterial clone Hel3bc04 and Bacillus cereus strain UST2006‐BC004. The four strains isolated from mrigal were most closely related to Bacillus sp. KCd2, uncultured bacterial clone Hel3bd09, B. cereus strain BU040901‐020 and Citrobacter freundii strain YRL11, while the strain isolated from rohu probably belonged to Bacillus sp. GV.  相似文献   

2.
In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum 120, Lactobacillus plantarum 145, and Pediococcus pentosaceus 220, which exhibit optimal properties among those isolated from the traditional fermented fish products, were selected as the starter cultures for the preparation of fermented whole carp. During the fermentation, samples inoculated with different single starter cultures showed rapid growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), decline in pH, suppression in the growth of main microflora, as well as increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N). Quantities of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) and free amino acids (FAA) were higher in whole carp with starter cultures compared to those in the control. Severe hydrolysis of protein was observed utilizing sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis during fermentation. Moreover, sensory evaluation indicated the higher acceptability of fermented products. The results show that inoculation with the autochthonous starter cultures reduced fermentation time and improved the quality of samples. Therefore, isolates of the strains could be used as potential starters for the fermentation of whole carp.  相似文献   

3.
Probiotic potential of the autochthonous bacteria in catla, Catla catla has been evaluated through determination of antagonistic activity (in vitro) of the cellular components of gut bacteria against seven fish pathogens. Altogether 208 strains were isolated, inhibitory activity of the isolates was evaluated through cross‐streaking and 16 primarily selected antagonistic strains were confirmed using the double‐layer method. Four bacteria that showed antagonism against ≥4 pathogens were selected as putative probiotics. The intracellular, extracellular, whole‐cell and heat‐killed cell components exhibited bactericidal activity against the pathogens. In addition, the selected strains were capable of producing different extracellular enzymes, competent to grow in intestinal mucus and could tolerate diluted bile juice. Analysis of 16SrRNA partial gene sequence revealed that both the strains CC1FG2 and CC1FG4 were Bacillus methylotrophicus (KF559344 and KF559345), while the isolates CC1HG5 and CC2HG7 were Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii (KF559346) and Enterobacter hormaechei (KF559347) respectively. Bio‐safety evaluation through intra‐peritoneal injection of the isolates did not induce any pathological signs or mortalities in C. catla. The study confirmed probiotic properties of autochthonous gut bacteria in C. catla and demonstrated potential for using them as bio‐control agents. However, in vivo studies are essential to explore their efficacy in the commercial aquaculture.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT:   Lactic acid fermentation of seaweed is a recent topic and quite limited information is available on culture conditions. To know the suitable strains for use as a starter culture for seaweed fermentation, 14 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, including 11 species, were tested in culture conditions prepared with or without salt. A commercial product of Undaria pinnatifida powder was used as a substrate for fermentation without sterilizing. Starter-suitability of the LAB strains was assessed from their predominance after culture. Among the tested strains, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed high (>90%) predominance in their cultures, while control cultures prepared without inoculation of LAB did not show any detectable growth of acid producing bacteria and spoiled. A total of 102 strains not showing acid producing activity were isolated and characterized from spoiled cultures, and all the isolates were observed as Bacillus strains, including 64 strains (62.7%) and 16 strains (15.7%) of a Bacillus cereu s-related and B. fusiformis -related species, respectively. The Undaria substrate before fermentation contained culturable microorganisms at 1.4–3.1 × 102 CFU/g, but the Bacillus cereu s-related strain was not a major composition, suggesting a concern of selective growth of the Bacillus cereu s-related strain during the spoiled fermentation.  相似文献   

5.
Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries loses most of its ability to produce domoic acid when it is cultured axenically. However, domoic acid production recovers when bacteria from the original culture are reintroduced to axenic cultures, indicating a bacterial association with domoic acid production in this species. In order to determine the role of bacteria in domoic acid production, an axenic strain prepared from a nonaxenic strain of P. multiseries was inoculated into media in cellophane tubes, which were then placed in a bottle containing the original nonaxenic culture. Both strains showed characteristic domoic acid production similar to that previously observed. Domoic acid level in the cells of the axenic strain in the tubes was much smaller than that of the cells outside the tubes. These results show that direct contact between living bacteria and P. multiseries is necessary for producing high levels of domoic acid in P. multiseries.  相似文献   

6.
为评估尼罗罗非鱼的耐盐碱性能,分别测定了上海、山东、河北3种品系尼罗罗非鱼鱼种96 h的半致死盐、碱度,并在不同盐碱混合浓度(S0A0、S10A0、S10A2、S10A4、S10A6)中进行为期60 d的养殖生长比较。单盐、单碱耐性研究表明,上海、山东、河北3种品系尼罗罗非鱼鱼种的96 h半致死盐度分别为18.528 g/L、20.347 g/L、19.342 g/L,96 h半致死Na HCO3碱度为8.827g/L、8.540 g/L、8.542 g/L。盐碱混合条件下,盐度为10时,96 h半致死碱度分别为河北品系(4.377g/L)上海品系(3.561 g/L)山东品系(3.108 g/L),品系之间差异显著(P0.05);盐度为15时,96 h半致死碱度分别为河北品系2.144 g/L,上海品系2.183 g/L,山东品系2.183 g/L,品系之间无显著差异(P0.05),高盐度下尼罗罗非鱼鱼种的碱度耐受性明显低于低盐度下的碱度耐受性。结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼日均增重率在S0A0、S10A0组间无显著差异(P0.05),随着盐碱浓度增加,盐碱S10A4和S10A6组中日均增重率呈下降趋势,河北品系表现出相对生长优势(P0.05)。研究结果为尼罗罗非鱼适宜养殖的盐碱范围的确定、耐盐碱品系的筛选提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

7.
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of fatal haemorrhagic septicaemia in fish and shellfish. Doxycycline, one of the second generation tetracyclines, has been used in fish farming to fight against infectious diseases caused by A. hydrophila due to its broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity and lower cost. However, progressive increase in resistance of Aeromonas strains to doxycycline aroused serious concern. In this report, drug‐resistant A. hydrophilaAH10 strains were induced and selected by using a consecutive batch culture system in Mueller‐Hinton Broth (MHB) supplemented with varying concentrations of doxycycline. Five isolates (AH101‐105) were obtained from the bacterial culture induced by 25 μg/ml doxycycline for drug‐resistance analysis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of all five isolates were 50 times higher than that of the parental strain AH10. All of them also displayed high‐level resistance to sulphonamides and amides. We sequenced five isolates and performed comparative genomic analysis of these draft genomes with nine A. hydrophila complete genomes from GenBank. Results showed that the pan‐genome of 14 strains contains 4,730 genes, 3,056 genes of which present in all strains. The drug‐resistance genes also showed significant difference in these genomes, which indicated dangers of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in aquaculture and the necessity of understanding the variation of antibiotic resistance of A. hydrophila. Pan‐genome analysis further revealed that no specific SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) or InDel (insertion and deletion variation) was identified in any functional gene locus among the genomes of AH10 mutated strains, in contrast, significant CNVs (copy number variations) and SV (structure variations) for gene groups were identified in all the mutant genomes.  相似文献   

8.
Isolation and enumeration of phytase‐producing bacterial flora in the foregut and hindgut regions of the gastrointestinal tracts of 10 culturable freshwater teleosts of different feeding habits, namely rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), bata (Labeo bata), kalbasu (Labeo calbasu), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), have been carried out. Microbial culture of the gut mucosa on selected nutrient media following the enrichment culture technique was performed for bacterial isolation. The bacterial isolates were screened on the basis of their enzyme‐producing ability. The bacterial population on the tryptone soya agar (TSA) plate was maximum in the hindgut region of bata, followed by mrigal and minimum in the foregut region of Nile tilapia. In modified phytase screening medium (MPSM), phytase‐producing strains were recorded at higher densities in the foregut region of mrigal and grass carp and minimum in the foregut region of bata. In case of the hindgut, maximum phytase‐producing strains were present in grass carp and mrigal and minimum in rohu. In general, in MPSM, the bacterial population was lower in the hindgut region of all the 10 species of fish examined. The phytase‐producing ability of the selected 31 strains (16 from the foregut and 15 from the hindgut region) was determined by clearing zones on phytate‐containing plates. Among these isolates, 22 strains (12 from the foregut and 10 from the hindgut region) were selected as potent phytase producers according to a quantitative enzyme assay. The highest phytase activity was observed in the bacterial strains LF1 and LH1 isolated from the fore and the hindgut regions of rohu respectively. Both the strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of phenotypic characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis.  相似文献   

9.
Shrimp cultivation has been faced with huge losses in productivity caused by infectious shrimp pathogenic vibrios, especially Vibrio parahaemolyticus that causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Hence, purple nonsulphur bacteria (PNSB) were isolated from shrimp ponds for investigating their abilities to control shrimp pathogenic Vibrio spp. and their use as probiotics for sustainable shrimp cultivation. Based on their probiotic properties, strains S3W10 and SS15 were selected because of their strong abilities to produce amylase, gelatinase and vitamin B12. However, only three PNSB strains (SS15, TKW17 and STW181) strongly inhibited V. harveyi_KSAAHRC and V. vulnificus_KSAAHRC including V. parahaemolyticusAHPND strains by secreting antivibrio compounds. Four selected PNSB also grew in the presence of pancreatic enzymes, and they were identified as Rhodobacter sphaeroides for strains S3W10, SS15 and TKW17 and Afifella marina for strain STW181. The effects of a mixed culture were also investigated as follows: T1 (S3W10 + SS15), T2 (S3W10 + TKW17) and T3 (S3W10 + STW181) on postlarval white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) for 60 days by comparison with a control. All three probiotic PNSB sets significantly improved the digestive enzyme activities and shrimp growth with their proliferation in shrimp gastrointestinal tract although the shrimp survival was not significantly different. They also significantly reduced the cumulative mortality of shrimp exposed to a virulent AHPND strain (V. parahaemolyticusSR2). This is the first to conclude that selected probiotic PNSB strains have great potential to be used for shrimp cultivation to control vibrios including AHPND strains.  相似文献   

10.
In June 2019, massive mortalities of cultured Penaeus vannamei occurred in a local farm in Hainan Province, China. The diseased shrimp displayed evident black gills. Three bacterial strains 20190611001, 20190611007 and 20190611022 were isolated from hepatopancreas and gills of the diseased shrimp and identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae based on the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and toxR genes. These three isolates showed haemolytic activities. Of them, strain 20190611022 isolated from hepatopancreas was selected and processed for pathogenic analysis. The calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 9.75 ± 4.29 × 105CFU/g (body weight) by challenging P. vannameivia reverse gavage. The diseased shrimp displayed enlarged hepatopancreatic tubules and sloughing of epithelial cells in tubular lumens. The strain 20190611022 was also characterized by the testing of API 20NE systems and antibiotic susceptibility. The results of disc diffusion test showed that strain 20190611022 was sensitive to chloramphenicol, compound sulfamethoxazole, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and cefuroxime. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from natural diseased P. vannamei. Our findings can serve as a basis for further studies of its pathogenicity and provide technological support for disease controlling in shrimp aquaculture.  相似文献   

11.
Mass production of rotifers is essential as live food during the larval rearing season, but a major problem of rotifer culture is unpredictable culture collapse. If mass‐produced rotifers could be kept alive at low temperature for an extended period of time, they could be supplied as live food to cultured marine fish larvae without interruption. Four experiments were performed to test this possibility in six strains of Brachionus plicatilis O. F. Müller and eight strains of Brachionus rotundiformis Tschugunoff. The results showed that: (1) B. rotundiformis strains were less tolerant to 4 °C than B. plicatilis strains. Among the B. rotundiformis strains, the strains known as SS type were the most susceptible and showed the lowest survival. (2) Exchange of culture media during the incubation at 4 °C in B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis resulted in higher survival than not changing the culture media, but there were no differences in the regression slope with or without changing the culture media. (3) Acclimation at 15 °C for 96 h for B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis before transfer to 4 °C resulted in higher survival rates than acclimation at 10 °C. (4) The combination of frequent exchange of culture media and acclimation significantly improved the survival of B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis compared with controls that were maintained at 4 °C without exchange of the culture media. Large‐scale trials using B. plicatilis (Kamiura strain) cultured in 30‐L tanks were conducted in a hatchery at a density of 2000–20 000 individuals mL?1. Rotifers were transferred directly from 25 °C to 4 °C. About 50% of the rotifers at 20 000 individuals mL?1 survived after 14 days at 4 °C. These preserved rotifers could be cultured at 20 °C, recovering within 4 days.  相似文献   

12.
为探究不同品系中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)在扣蟹阶段的池塘养殖效果,于2020年在江苏东台进行了3个品系(2龄早熟品系、“长荡湖1号”A系和“长荡湖1号”B系)大眼幼体的池塘养殖试验,比较了各品系扣蟹的平均体质量变化情况、最终养殖性能、规格分布和经济效益。结果表明:(1)虽然3个品系大眼幼体在扣蟹阶段的平均体质量并无显著差异(P＞0.05),但各品系扣蟹平均体质量与亲本规格呈一定的正相关关系,总体上为“长荡湖1号”B系＞“长荡湖1号”A系＞2龄早熟品系;(2)正常扣蟹单位面积产量和扣蟹总产量与亲本规格呈正相关关系,即随着亲本规格的增大而显著增加(P<0.05);此外,“长荡湖1号”B系饲料系数(FCR)显著高于“长荡湖1号”A系(P<0.05);(3)3个品系扣蟹的体质量主要分布于6.0~7.9 g和8.0~9.9 g的规格区间内,其中2龄早熟品系在小规格区间(＜4.0 g和4.0~5.9 g)所占的比例较高,而“长荡湖1号”B系扣蟹在大规格区间(10.0~11.9 g和＞12.0 g)所占比例较高,但组间并无显著差异(P＞0.05);(4)各品系扣蟹的最终收益及投资回报率均随着亲本规格的增大而明显提高。综合来看,相对于2龄早熟品系,“长荡湖1号”A系和“长荡湖1号”B系在扣蟹养殖阶段具有产量高、投资回报率高等特点,市场应用和产业化前景较好。  相似文献   

13.
We studied the effect of strain and selection lines on the fecundity of the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana. We used six strains (HL, YL, BS, SL, TH, TS) and six isofemale lines (including three higher and three lower fecundity lines). As for the selection of strain, total nauplii production per female of SL strain was the highest in the individual culture (231 nauplii per female) and population growth rate in HL and SL strains showed higher values than the others in combined culture. For the selection of line, the total nauplii production per female of HF2‐2 (high fecundity and second generation) line was the highest (302 nauplii per female) but those of LF2‐1 (low fecundity) (80 nauplii per female), and LF2‐3 (46 nauplii per female) lines were lower than the others. In F4 generation, three selected HF2‐2 line showed that the total nauplii production were higher than those of three selected LF2‐3 lines. In the combined culture on the different selection lines (F8), population growth rate of two selected high fecundity lines showed higher values than that of the non‐selection group and selected low fecundity line. Our results demonstrate that the production of P. nana can be improved by selection of the line with high fecundity.  相似文献   

14.
杨媛媛  王楠楠  曹青  陆承平  刘永杰 《水产学报》2018,42(10):1596-1605
为获得鱼源益生乳酸菌,本研究从健康鲫肠道内分离鉴定得到38株乳酸菌,并选择其中8株乳酸菌进行体外益生特性分析。结果显示,8株乳酸菌均能在p H=4.5和10%鲫胆汁环境中存活,对嗜水气单胞菌、豚鼠气单胞菌、无乳链球菌和副溶血弧菌均有较强的抑菌能力,但菌体表面疏水性和自凝集能力具有菌株特异性。选择5株疏水性较高(63%~89%)、自凝集能力强(37%~45%)的乳酸乳球菌进行体外黏附能力测定,结果显示,黏附能力在菌株间具有差异性(4.5%~7.9%),但均能显著降低嗜水气单胞菌NJ-35的体外黏附率,黏附抑制率达30%~35%;最后对筛选出的3株高黏附力的乳酸乳球菌进行安全性评价,发现3株菌对鲫均无致病力。鱼源乳酸菌的筛选,为鲫养殖生产中益生菌的实际应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this study was to determine the best synbiotic combination (based on growth and short chain fatty acids production) between Pediococcus acidilactici and five prebiotics in vitro, inulin, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), xylooligosaccharide (XOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO). The best in vitro growth under aerobic and anaerobic culture condition was observed in the treatment, P. acidilactici + GOS. Furthermore, the study of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production at the end of exponential growth phase revealed that the major SCFA produced was propionic acid in all synbiotic treatments except for the P. acidilactici + GOS treatment where butyric acid production was significantly higher compared with the other treatments. Based on the results of in vitro studies, P. acidilactici + GOS that were selected as synbiotic and rainbow trout fingerlings (15.04 ± 0.52 g) were fed on diet supplemented with the selected synbiotic. After 8 weeks of feeding, growth performance, intestinal microbiota and physiological responses were evaluated. Growth performance was significantly improved by synbiotic feeding. No significant differences of haematological parameters were revealed between the different treatments. Level of presumptive autochthonous lactic acid bacteria was elevated, while total autochthonous bacterial level remained unaffected. These results showed that P. acidilactici + GOS can be considered as an efficient synbiotic for rainbow trout.  相似文献   

16.
贾威  黄林彬  严兴洪 《水产学报》2013,37(10):1495-1502
为鉴别条斑紫菜不同品系的种质,使用相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记对条斑紫菜的5个选育品系和1个野生品系进行遗传分析,结果从35对引物组合中筛选出可扩增出稳定清晰条带的组合11对,共获得131个扩增位点,其中多态性位点125个,多态性比例高达95.42%。6个品系 间的遗传距离为0.364 3～0.867 9,平均为0.593 0。用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果将6个品系分为2个群,所反映的亲缘关系与各品系的来源基本一致,说明SRAP 标记技术可以成为条斑紫菜品系间遗传分析的有效工具。在131个多态性位点中,选择扩增出的4个位点构建了6个品系的指纹图谱。另外,通过ME1/EM6引物组合 扩增得到耐高温品系TM-18的特异性条带,经回收测序和重新设计引物,该条带在其丝状体和叶状体DNA中均能稳定地被扩增出来,可用于该品系的种质鉴别 。  相似文献   

17.
Isolation and characterization of cellulase‐producing aeorobic bacterial flora in the intestine of omnivorous tilapia (Oreochromis mossambica) and phytophagous Chinese grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) have been carried out using selective carboxymethylcellulose‐agar (CMC‐agar) medium. The cellulolytic activity was measured both qualitatively and quantitatively. It was found that the ability of different strains in degrading cellulose varies within a wide range. Among the strains isolated from the gut of each test fish, TM1 and CI3 isolated from O. mossambica and C. idella, respectively exhibited maximum cellulolytic activity (67.02 and 35.8 U mL?1 respectively). Pure cultures of these strains were selected for morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization. On the basis of these tests, the isolated strains were identified as Bacillus circulans (TM1) and Bacillus megaterium (CI3). Both the strains are rod‐shaped, motile and show better temperature (15–42°C) and pH (5–11) tolerance. The selected strains were further quantitatively assayed for amylase and protease activities. Maximum amylase and protease activities were exhibited by TM1 and CI3 respectively. Information generated from the present study might contribute towards better‐feed formulation incorporating plant ingredients.  相似文献   

18.
This study focused on the reproduction effectiveness of 10 breeding strains of common carp (Polish strains 2, 3, 6; Hungarian strains 0, W, 7; Lithuanian strain B; French strain F; Israeli strain D and Yugoslavian strain J) after stimulation of ovulation with carp pituitary homogenate or Ovopel. The percentage of females with recorded ovulation became higher after Ovopel treatment in as many as eight breeding strains (2, 3, 6, 0, W, B, F, D). The interaction between the spawning agent and the breeding strain was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the mass of spawn and non‐significant for traits determining the quality of eggs. Among the 10 breeding strains, in 4 (3, 7, B, J) the least‐squares means (LSM) for the weight of egg (g) were higher for fish stimulated with Ovopel. Among the strains tested, in seven (3, W, F, J, 2, 7, B), the LSM for the percentage of living embryos after 36 h incubation were higher for fish treated with Ovopel. The evaluation of reproduction effects based on the values of such parameters as the percentage of ovulating females, weight of eggs (g) and the percentage of live embryos (36 h) showed that after Ovopel treatment the poorer effects were obtained only for strains 6, 0 and D.  相似文献   

19.
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from four types of Myanmar traditional fermented fishery products with boiled rice. All of them belonged to the genus Lactobacillus, and comparison of the effects of these representatives on GABA accumulation in fermented fishery products with boiled rice revealed that Lactobacillus farciminis D323 is the most effective strain as a starter culture. These results may contribute to the development of traditional fermented fishery products with functional properties. In addition, this study is the first to show in detail the distribution of GABA-producing LAB in Southeast Asian fermented fishery products.  相似文献   

20.
利用微卫星标记对文蛤4个壳色花纹品系的遗传分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
利用9个微卫星位点对文蛤红壳(RS)、黑斑(BS)、细纹(TC)、暗纹(DF)4个壳色花纹品系共120个个体进行遗传差异分析。结果共检测到105个等位基因,每个位点平均观察等位基因数为11.7个,其中WG07位点等位基因数最多(21个),WG11位点最少(7个)。每个品系均具有特异等位基因类型,不同品系中相同微卫星位点的等位基因分布规律不同。4个文蛤品系的观测杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量变异范围分别为0.110～1.000、0.486～0.867、0.433～0.834,均属高度多态性位点。Hardy-Weinberg平衡的卡方检测发现,大多数位点偏离平衡状态;聚类分析表明,4个品系间存在较明显的遗传差异,TC品系与其它品系的遗传距离最大,DF品系和RS品系的遗传距离相对较小。  相似文献   

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