共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Encouraging the uptake of sustainable soil management practices often requires on‐farm experiential learning and adaptation over a sustained period, rather than the traditional knowledge transfer processes of identifying a problem and implementing a solution. Farmer‐to‐farmer learning networks are emerging with farmers experimenting and sharing knowledge about these practices amongst themselves. One potential communication channel for such interaction and knowledge sharing is social media and Twitter in particular. A content analysis of a Twitter account for an EU research project, SoilCare, and in‐depth qualitative interviews with five farmers using Twitter, was used to illustrate the extent and type of farmer‐to‐farmer knowledge sharing in relation to sustainable soil management practices. Evidence of farmer learning and knowledge sharing on Twitter with respect to these practices was identified. Twitter can capture the immediacy of the field operations and visual impacts in the field. Furthermore, the brief messages channelled through Twitter appeal to time‐constrained farmers. The ability for interaction around particular hashtags in Twitter is developing virtual networks of practice in relation to sustainable soil management. Within these networks, farmer champions are emerging that are respected by other farmers. Twitter works best for those actively seeking information, rather than passive recipients of new knowledge. Therefore, its use with other forms of face‐to‐face interaction as part of a blended learning approach is recommended. Twitter also offers a potential space for other actors, such as researchers and advisers, to interact and share knowledge with farmers. 相似文献
3.
中国干旱区农户气候变化感知及适应性行为研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从农户气候变化感知视角探讨气候变化适应性行为有效性或者缺失,可以更好地为制定区域性应对气候变化适应性政策提供科学方法和决策依据。利用新疆于田县600户农户调研数据,通过构建Heckman选择模型,定量分析干旱区农户对气候变化的感知及适应性行为的选择偏好的影响因素。研究结果表明,户主性别、从事农业时长、家庭年均纯收入、社会网络、信息资源信任度、距离水源地远近、气候因素变量对气候变化感知有显著影响,而户主性别、从事农业时长、家庭年均纯收入、能否获得借贷、社会网络、距离水源地远近、气候因素变量对适应性行为有显著性影响。建议在政策制定和实施过程中,地方政府应发挥主导作用,同时制定各种相关政策培育农户应对气候变化的应对能力,最终实现生态、经济与社会的综合可持续发展。 相似文献
4.
5.
Anna Krzywoszynska 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(1):160-168
Social learning is gaining popularity as a tool for understanding and designing interactions between experts and farming communities to enhance the uptake of sustainable and innovative farming practices. To date, the literature has mainly focused on the technical role scientists and researchers play in social learning, as sources of or co‐producers of knowledge. Social learning, however, implies a dynamic between the creation of knowledge (what can be done) and the creation of meaning (what is considered worth doing). This paper addresses this research gap by exploring the roles that “expert” actors and their narratives perform in meaning‐creation. I argue that a sustainable soil management community of practice is emerging in England and discuss the dynamics of farmer participation in this community. I further argue that members of this community use scientific “experts” and narratives to inspire, justify and legitimise sustainable soil management as a valid way of being a “good farmer.” This paper thus stresses the role that scientific or “expert” actors and narratives play in communities of practice as contributors to meaning‐creation inherent to social learning. How soil degradation will be addressed is as much a technical question, a question of what can be done, as a question of meaning, a question of what land managers consider worthwhile doing. The scientific community thus needs to work with the farming community not only to co‐produce technical solutions, but also to co‐produce shared visions of agrarian futures which put soils at their heart. 相似文献
6.
F. Schneider D. Steiger T. Ledermann P. Fry S. Rist 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2012,23(3):242-255
This paper studied the development of no‐tillage by combining concepts of co‐creation of knowledge and actor‐network theory. Reconstructing the process of no‐tillage development in Switzerland has made it possible to show that no‐tillage development may be regarded as a dynamic process of co‐creation of innovation, where human and non‐human actors are building networks by reciprocally transforming and translating each other and the relations between them. This conceptualisation reveals that spread of no‐tillage requires fundamental transformations within the network of conventional plough‐tillage agriculture, including institutional arrangements, farm equipment, work organisation, concepts of agriculture and personal and professional identities. Against this background, the limited spread of no‐tillage—despite its economic and ecological advantages—can be explained by the fact that the required transformations are too radical for many agricultural actors. This conceptualisation also implies that policy interventions are not understood as top down measures that intend to induce one‐to‐one direct causal chains between knowledge and action of farmers, but as mediators in a complex process of reciprocal translations between farmers, experts and scientists, as well as many non‐human actors. We conclude that investigating processes of co‐creation of knowledge from the perspective of actor‐network theory is a promising complement to hermeneutic approaches to co‐creation of knowledge such as social learning. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
基于联合国粮农组织对农业可持续发展的定义,采用社会经济统计学法,建立水土保持型生态农业可持续性评价多指标模型,并利用此模型对陕西省安塞县纸坊沟流域水土保持型生态农业实体模式进行评价与分析。结果显示:纸坊沟流域水土保持型生态农业的可持续生产性指数、经济活性指数、保护性指数、稳定性指数和社会接受性指数分别为69.5、56.8、62.5、86.8和52.8;综合可持续发展指数为65.4,离可持续发展目标仍有较大的差距。 相似文献
8.
9.
黄河三角洲地区滨海盐渍土农业生态的利用模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄河三角洲是我国的重点经济开发区,分布着大量的盐碱荒地。根据黄河三角洲土地开发利用现状,总结提出了既有经济效益又有生态效益、适合黄河三角洲当地特点的四种高效生态农业模式。系统分析了四种模式的应用效益和实施技术规格,在此基础上提出了不同模式在黄河三角洲地区的适用条件和区域布局,该研究对于黄河三角洲的资源、经济和社会的可持续发展有积极意义。 相似文献
10.
社会生态视阈下的敏感区养殖污染治理分析--以福建省南平市西芹水厂水源地周边地区为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为提高生态敏感区养殖污染治理成效和公众参与度,本文以福建省南平市西芹水厂水源地周边地区的养猪污染治理为例,从社会生态的角度探讨治理新思路。应用Mitchell评分法对利益相关者进行识别和分类,建立理论分析框架并探讨利益相关者生态经济需求差异及"养殖户-公众-村委"关系网络对污染治理的影响,进而以13个村委和111个农户的问卷调查和驻村观察数据为基础,比较各利益相关者态度和行为差异,应用Tobit回归分析显著影响态度的因素,应用Logistic回归分析影响参与行为的关键因素。结果表明,利益相关者的社会、经济、生态利益需求和"上下游公众-养殖户-上下游村委"社会网络是水源地周边地区养殖污染治理决策的重要出发点。利益相关者对养猪污染治理的态度组间差异较大:养殖户、上游公众及村委倾向于经济发展,下游公众及村委热衷于环境保护,村委支持养猪污染治理的态度得分明显高于养殖户与公众。性别、利益需求类型、教育程度和年龄对个体支持养猪污染治理的态度具有显著影响,女性较男性更支持污染治理,利益需求越弱、受教育程度越高和年龄越大的个体更支持养猪污染治理。利益需求类型和关系程度对个体参与治理行为具有显著影响,利益需求越强、与养殖户关系越密切的社会个体参与治理的可能性越低,而态度对行为并无显著影响。利益需求未能得到重视和当地社会关系网的阻碍使得积极参与治理的公众较少,影响了治理效果。充分考虑各利益相关者的生态、经济、社会利益需求及当地社会关系网络的影响,协调不同主体的关键利益需求矛盾,分析利用乡土社会关系网络,由政府主导治理转向多元利益主体网络治理是促进生态敏感区畜禽养殖污染治理的新思路。 相似文献
11.
我国农业可持续发展的浅析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
从分析我国农业和农村可持续发展面临的主要问题入手，论述我国农业可持续发展的目标与内容、技术政策及其技术、经济、社会和管理等措施。同时，揭示我国农业可持续发展若干模式的内涵与特征 相似文献
12.
黄河三角洲地区滨海盐渍土农业生态的利用模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄河三角洲是我国的重点经济开发区，分布着大量的盐碱荒地。根据黄河三角洲土地开发利用现状，总结提出了既有经济效益又有生态效益、适合黄河三角洲当地特点的四种高效生态农业模式。系统分析了四种模式的应用效益和实施技术规格，在此基础上提出了不同模式在黄河三角洲地区的适用条件和区域布局，该研究对于黄河三角洲的资源、经济和社会的可持续发展有积极意义。 相似文献
13.
近年来城市用地大量侵占农业用地,不断威胁到城市的粮食安全问题,利用遥感快速准确地监测土地利用覆盖变化和城市扩张对保护耕地意义重大。运用BP人工神经网络,结合广义蒙特卡罗思想,利用多年的张家港市TM遥感影像、土地利用图和年鉴,对耕地、道路、城市扩张、GDP及产业经济结构之间的关系进行了深入的分析。研究结果表明：张家港市10 a来耕地面积以每年约2.5%的幅度减少,但在2002年后农业总产值有小幅回升,这与该市落实土地优化政策、农业结构和产业结构调整息息相关。城市扩张主要方式为多核心蔓延式扩展,距主要道路和已建城区2 km内的农业用地最有可能在4 a内转变为城镇用地,并且道路和城区附近500 m内是转化高峰,而且间隔年限越长,道路和已建城区对其缓冲区的影响范围越广、辐射强度越大。经济的快速发展使得耕地大量被占用,导致了农转非概率升高,但随着城市用地与耕地数量逐渐达到平衡,农转非概率降低,使得GDP与非农转化率呈现倒“U”曲线;BP-MC网络通过在图像中采集大量像素点进行训练,有效地避免了人工神经网络陷入局部极小点,是一种定量研究城市扩张驱动力的有效途径。 相似文献
14.
基于多维评价模型的都市农业多功能发展模式探究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
城市与都市农业通过功能互补与促进机制形成统一系统,多功能是都市农业融入城市经济、社会、生态与空间系统之中表现出的显著内涵。但我国城市的自然环境、资源禀赋、发展基础、综合实力等方面表现出明显的东、中、西部区域差异,都市农业功能发展的侧重点不同,因此形成了多样化的都市农业多功能发展模式。评价都市农业多功能发展现状及合理性,探究适宜我国不同区域城市的都市农业多功能发展模式,有助于协调城市功能与都市农业功能发展、因地制宜地制定都市农业多功能发展战略。如何协调城市功能与都市农业功能是实现区域可持续发展急需探索的问题。本文应用四维评价模型对我国22个城市的都市农业生产、经济、社会与生态功能进行定量评价,并根据四大功能间的不同组合类型,用系统聚类法把我国都市农业分为10类多功能发展模式。研究表明:受我国自然环境及社会经济发展水平的东、中、西部地区空间差异影响,都市农业单项功能发展水平及多功能综合水平在各城市呈现明显的差异,总体上表现出东、中、西的区域分异现状;从我国西部城市至中东部城市,都市农业发展模式逐渐从多功能弱协同模式转向基本协同、协同及强协同发展模式,从生态优先发展模式转变为社会生态主导发展模式以及以生态为基础的生产(或经济或社会)功能主导的发展模式。都市农业发展模式属于生态优先发展模式的城市生态功能发展水平都达到了0.40以上,属于社会优先发展模式的城市社会功能发展水平都在0.55以上,属于经济优先发展模式的城市经济功能发展水平接近0.80,属于生产优先发展模式的城市生产功能发展水平达到了0.75。 相似文献
15.
研究农民参与农地整治项目的行为机理,对有效调动农民参与积极性,促进农地整治事业健康、持续发展具有重要意义。以"社会资本"理论为指导,从信任、互动、网络、规范4方面考察农民的社会资本,利用湖北省和湖南省部分粮食主产县(区)的农户问卷调查数据,通过因子分析测算出农民的社会资本指数,运用Logistic回归分析法揭示了社会资本与农地整治项目农民参与行为的关系。结果表明:(1)农民参与农地整治项目的程度与其社会资本指数呈正相关关系;(2)社会资本中的社会信任因子、政治信任因子、情景互动因子、内生互动因子、社会网络因子、社会规范因子对农民参与农地整治项目的行为产生显著的正向影响,且作用程度存在差异;(3)政治信任程度不高、情景互动不足是农民参与农地整治项目程度较低的主要原因,其次农民的社会网络水平不高、缺乏一定的内生互动、村庄内部尚未形成一定社会规范以及缺乏社会信任也将影响农民的参与行为。因此,应通过多种途径大力提升农民的社会资本,以提高农民参与农地整治项目的积极性和参与程度。 相似文献
16.
农业景观生态规划原则及其应用研究——中国生态农业景观分析 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
中国生态农业是典型的持续农业。依据景观生态学原理和典型生态农业模式经验 ,探求中国生态农业景观特征及其景观生态学意义 ,进而针对农业景观的生物生产、经济发展、生态平衡和社会持续 4大功能 ,提出农业景观生态规划应遵循的 5项原则 ,即提高异质性原则、继承自然原则、关键因子调控原则、因地制宜原则和社会满意原则 ,并提出干热河谷区农业景观生态规划目标以及选择相应的持续农业技术体系。 相似文献
17.
土壤科学与农业持续发展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
持续农业是为建立资源利用、环境保护、满足社会需求和经济效益等各方面均可持续发展的农业制度的一种思想或目标。从长远来说,中国农业的出路在于发展和建设中国的持续农业,但近年来的现实变化表明,中国农业的发展离持续农业的目标越来越远。中国农业的健康发展既需要市场的激励机制,更需要政府的干予和农业科学技术进步的引导。土壤科学面临的重要任务之一便是发展以服务于我国农业持续发展为目标的土地整治和土壤管理的理论和实践,建立持续农业中有关土地资源管理、农田土壤管理、农业中废弃物管理和资源化利用的技术。 相似文献
18.
针对秦皇岛市农业发展条件和特征，农业可持续发展面临的问题，提出了实现秦皇岛市农业可持续发展的战略措施 相似文献
19.
For close to a century, rural development policies and practice have taken the view that farmers are mismanagers of soil and water. This paper reviews the history of farmers being advised, paid and forced to adopt new soil and water conservation measures and practices. Many have done so, and environments and economies have benefited in the short term, but ill-conceived policies and badly designed programmes and projects have undermined these efforts in the name of conservation. Most efforts have been remarkably unsuccessful, often resulting in more erosion. They have undermined the credibility of conservation and wasted huge sums of money. For a new era of soil and water conservation, new initiatives are showing how to make conservation sustainable. Farmers are now considered the potential solution rather than the problem, and so the value of local knowledge and skills is being put at the core of new programmes. This involves a major focus on building farmers' capacity to innovate and develop technologies appropriate to their own conditions. Local organizations are strengthened through participatory processes, this participation being interactive and empowering. Recent evidence is indicating that these new interactions between professionals and farmers are producing considerable productive and sustainable benefits. For widespread impact, enabling policy frameworks are still needed to encourage the spread of more sustainable practices for agriculture. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
通过对东新村村民文化素质、劳动力状况、群众生活水平以及农村经济结构、种植业、养殖业和乡村企业的调查,综合分析认为,该村的社经状况属中等偏上水平,已具备了建立以节水为中心的农业综合发展试验示范基点的基本条件 相似文献