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1.
L. K. Mabe 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(4):315-325
E-readiness, as the inclination to benefit from information technology, among other digital facilitations, was examined among 169 extension officers selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected by a structured, face-validated questionnaire. E-readiness of extension officers was operationalized as a composite score of awareness, availability, accessibility, competencies, and importance of information and communication technology (ICT) tools. Data obtained were analyzed using means and standard deviation. Multiple linear regression was used to isolate the determinants of e-readiness for both male and female extension officers. Significant determinants of e-readiness include living in the job area (t = 2.35, p <.05), means of mobility (2.72), educational level (1.68), number of farmers covered (1.93), working experience (1.80), and age (?2.53). 相似文献
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《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2007,142(2-4):303-313
Climate is one of the most important factors determining the sustainability of agricultural production systems. More emphasis must be placed on understanding the influence of changing climate conditions on sustainable agricultural systems, given the increasing limitations of the natural resource base. Agrometeorologists can play a leading role in bridging the gaps between the diverse multi-disciplinary fields of science, by reaching out to farmers, extension service personnel, and the agricultural business community. The farming community must cope with issues of climate variability and climate change, and, the challenge for agricultural meteorologists is to develop a coordinated national agricultural weather policy to assist agriculture as it deals with these issues. Agricultural weather policy must be formulated so that proactive long-term preparedness activities are strengthened to ensure agricultural sustainability and to preserve natural resources. Preparedness must be the essential foundation of an agricultural weather policy that builds upon mitigation measures and adaptation strategies to cope with climate variability and climate change as it affects agriculture, forestry, rangelands, and fisheries. 相似文献
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目前气候变化的影响研究多集中在直接影响，间接影响考虑较少。对气候变化影响传递认识的不全面是应对气候变化的盲点之一，探讨气候变化影响链的形成机制对应对气候变化具有重要意义。本研究基于对气候变化影响特征的分析，探讨气候变化影响链的形成机制，界定了气候变化影响链的内涵，明确了气候变化的影响层级，并提出气候变化影响链的应对途径。研究表明，气候变化影响具有广泛性、差异性、持续性、突发性、传递性及可转化性等特征。气候变化及其带来的各种胁迫与干扰作用于受体系统之后，受体系统与其它系统联系，把这种胁迫与干扰传递到其它系统，导致气候变化的影响在时间上和空间上不断延伸，形成复杂的气候变化影响链。气候变化作用于直接受体后，其影响在生态系统中会沿着食物链传递，在经济系统中沿着产业链传递，在社会系统中沿着社会关系链传递；影响链的传递以物质流、能量流、信息流的形式进行。气候变化的影响总是从低层级到高层级，沿着资源禀赋的变化上升到自然生产系统、经济生产系统直至社会系统。研究认为，有效阻控或切断气候变化不利影响的传递，能够有效降低气候变化影响的风险与损失。气候变化影响链及其形成机制为全面应对气候变化提供了思路与途径。 相似文献
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The NSW Soil Knowledge Network (SKN) is a small group of senior ex‐government soil scientists concerned that more needs to be done to improve soil management and stem land degradation with on‐ground extension and training workshops. Widespread attendance and positive feedback from SKN training courses and workshops indicate their extension success and confirm a strong demand for practical independent soil management advice aided by government‐based databases to enhance on‐site workshops. We argue that effective soil knowledge transfer requires interaction and discussion between soil scientists and land managers. This can bridge the gap between data and useful knowledge about soil and land management. The workshop format, where specific soil management issues of specific interest, such as soil acidity, nutrient management or soil sodicity, are discussed between land managers and soil scientists, has been a useful approach. A major concern is that soil scientists with knowledge and practical experience are getting older and fewer in number but few replacements are being appointed in private or government agencies. Also, despite soil electronic data and information being freely available, many land managers and advisors have difficulties accessing and translating soil data into relevant land management decisions. Dialogue with SKN members helps solve this problem because of their hands‐on and face‐to‐face approach with their audiences. The combination of data with effective soil knowledge transfer is successfully exhibited at SKN workshops for advisory groups and the ‘pits and kits’ field days as shown in the paper. 相似文献
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Sheila J. Bryant 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(2):163-169
The study assessed the communication competence of agricultural extension workers in Benue State, Nigeria. Ninety-three respondents were selected and studied using stratified and random sampling techniques. Data were collected from the use of a well-structured questionnaire. The results obtained revealed that the majority (57%) showed a low level of communication knowledge/skill. Logit regression statistics showed significant effect of respondents’ educational qualification, work experience, and rank (salary grade level) on their communication competence at 5% level of probability. It is therefore recommended that Benue State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority should adequately train their staff so as to correct their low communication knowledge/skill. 相似文献
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Jasim Mohammed Saleh Norsida Binti Man 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2017,18(2):110-122
This study is based on the opinions of selected Iraqi extension workers, regarding the type and amount of training they need, given their experience in the field. The Borich Needs Assessment Model was used for measuring training needs. The data were collected through questionnaires given to 300 respondents (agricultural workers) from January 15, 2016 to March 20, 2016. The results show that crop-planting courses have the greatest benefit. The greatest training need is skill and knowledge of teaching methods, while a moderately needed skill is the use of computer and information and communication technologies (ICT); management skills are the least needed training. 相似文献
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Abstract. This article explores the question of how scientific information can improve local agronomic management using concepts of uncertainty classification and uncertainty management. Information and data on local management of soil fertility based on a local classification system of soil quality were collected from a small watershed in Cauca (Colombia). The analyses suggest that farmers hold local knowledge about soils at two levels. The first is based on empirical observations and refers to local knowledge about soils and landscape, which shows that the classes identified in the local soil quality classification are consistent with results obtained using measured soil parameters. At the second level, farmers have some awareness of ecological processes and the appropriate use of relationships between key soil characteristics and management options. It is argued that local knowledge is not sufficient to cope with uncertainty introduced by a rapidly changing agriculture, including, for example, increasing land pressure, unpredictable market forces and climate change. We have suggested how scientific knowledge can contribute to the solution, based on an analysis that relates Cohen's ( Heuristic reasoning about uncertainty: an artificial intelligence approach . Pitman London, 1985) and Rowe's ( Risk Analysis 14, 743–750, 1994) uncertainty concepts to local knowledge. 相似文献
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利用作物模型研究气候变化对农业影响的发展过程 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
模型模拟是研究气候变化对农业生产影响的有效途径,得到了广泛关注和应用。本文着重介绍了利用作物模型研究气候变化对农业生产影响的发展过程,即从最初通过人为改变气候参数模拟气候变化对农业的可能影响,到与气候情景结合模拟未来气候变化对农业的可能影响及近年来与其它模型结合综合模拟未来气候变化对农业的影响,并通过对气候变化农业影响模型模拟研究中经验模型与机理模型、站点尺度与区域尺度、确定性气候情景与概率气候情景几个关键问题的评述,指出了存在的问题及未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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对2017年以前预测未来气候变化对中国小麦产量影响的国内外相关研究进行了综述,并对其中26篇研究信息相对全面完整的文献进行Meta分析,总结了原始独立研究预测结果的差异,并讨论差异的可能来源,以期为本领域后续研究提供依据。结果表明：（1）未来气候变化对中国小麦产量的影响存在一定不确定性,但以负面影响为主;A2和B2主流气候情景下预测的小麦产量减产幅度较其它气候情景分别高18%和20%。（2）政策、技术、市场和投入等非气候性因素有助于适应气候变化,引入这些因素时小麦增产幅度预测结果增加10%;（3）研究数据和方法对预测结果有显著影响,预测时间间隔每延长一年,小麦产量增幅和减幅预测结果提高1%,进行产量分离、采用相应的气候模型和作物模型对预测增幅有显著的正向影响,增加水平分别为26%、22%和18%;（4）期刊文献比非期刊文献的产量增幅预测结果平均高5%。 相似文献
10.
Soil science contributions towards Sustainable Development Goals and their implementation: linking soil functions with ecosystem services 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 Johan Bouma 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(2):111-120
The United Nations effort to define Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's), emphasizing local goals and capacity building, offers a unique opportunity for soil science to demonstrate the role it can play when focusing on these goals. Several strategic reports have presented key issues for sustainable development: food security, freshwater and energy availability, climate change and biodiversity loss are issues most frequently being listed, not soil degradation. Focusing on soil contributions towards interdisciplinary studies of these key issues, rather than emphasizing soils by themselves, is therefore bound to be more effective for the soil science profession. But this is still inadequate when studying land‐related SDG's, requiring a broader ecosystem approach that can be achieved by a direct link between soil functions and corresponding ecosystem services. Thus, the key issues are not considered separately but linked as part of a dynamic ecosystem characterization following a narrative as is demonstrated for food security, that can be well addressed by precision agriculture. As all key issues and at least five of the ten SDG's are directly land‐related, soil science can potentially play an important role in the suggested interdisciplinary studies. But in addition, the current information society with knowledgeable stakeholders requires innovative and interactive transdisciplinary scientific approaches by not only focusing on knowledge generation but also on co‐learning with stakeholders and, important, on implementation. The soil science discipline can become more effective in the transdisciplinary context by: (1) reconnecting the knowledge chain, linking tacit with scientific knowledge both ways, (2) simplifying soil terminology, (3) learning to deal with “wicked” environmental problems for which no single solutions exist but only a series of alternative options for action, balancing economic, social and environmental considerations, (4) educating “knowledge brokers”, linking science with society in land‐related issues, acting within a “Community of Scientific Practice”, and (5) modernizing soil science curricula. Transdisciplinary approaches are crucial to achieve SDG's, linking science and society. There is a need for specific results on the ground illustrating with hard data the key role soils can play in realizing SDG's. 相似文献
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主要生育期气候变化对河南省冬小麦生长及产量的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为分析不同生育期气候变化对冬小麦生长及产量的影响,本研究选择河南省30个农业气象观测站1961—2014年气象资料、1981—2014年冬小麦发育期及产量资料,采用数理统计与DSSAT-CERES Wheat模型模拟相结合的方法,分析了冬小麦播种—返青、返青—抽穗、抽穗—成熟3个时期的气候变化特征及其对生育期和产量的影响。结果表明:研究区气候变化的显著特征是播种—返青期日照时数按40.09 h·(10a)~(-1)的速率显著减少(P0.05),返青—抽穗期平均日最高气温和平均日最低气温同时大幅升高。冬小麦幼穗分化随着抽穗前日最低气温的升高按2.9 d·(10a)~(-1)的速率而提前结束,返青前气候变化对后续生育进程有持续影响,气象因子与播种—抽穗期、播种—成熟期持续日数以负相关关系为主。两种分析方法均表明:当前河南麦区播种—返青期气候变化对产量的影响不大,在一定范围内甚至有增产作用,气象因子贡献率平均为0.758;返青—抽穗期气候变化使穗密度和穗粒数平均减少2.74%和3.94%,大于抽穗—成熟期。不同生育期气候变化情景下,冬小麦高产和稳产均受影响,代表站点播种—返青、返青—抽穗、抽穗—成熟期分别平均减产1.6%、6.3%和4.8%,其中播种—返青、抽穗—成熟期影响产量的关键气象因子是日最高气温,而返青—抽穗期是日最低气温。 相似文献
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L. Amadore W. C. Bolhofer R. V. Cruz R. B. Feir C. A. Freysinger S. Guill K. F. Jalal A. Iglesias A. Jose S. Leatherman S. Lenhart S. Mukherjee J. B. Smith J. Wisniewski 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,92(1-2):1-12
The Regional Workshop on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Asia and the Pacific metto present and discuss assessments of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in agriculture, forests, coastal resources, and water resources. Discussions were held in breakout and plenary sessions about the state of the science for vulnerability and adaptation assessment, conclusions that can be drawn about the vulnerability of the region to climate change, and where future research efforts should be directed. The workshop concluded that sea level rise is of greatest concern to island and coastal nations in the region, climate change will have a significant effect on agriculture, water resources are sensitive to changes in average climate conditions and to tropical monsoons and cyclones, and forests could be significantly affected by climate change. The workshop recommended that efforts to improve general circulation models continue and that countries in the region cooperate on the analyses of vulnerability and addressing adaptation measures. The workshop also concluded that results of vulnerability and adaptation assessments should be presented to policy makers and the public and that assessments continue to be undertaken to improve our understanding of the issue. 相似文献
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西部沙漠化防治技术与模式 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
总结了我国西部地区沙漠化防治的5大系列，14项适用技术，指出技术推广应解决的问题，并阐述了西部不同气候区沙漠化防治成功模式及其生态、经济效益，介绍了国外利用龟裂地集水、太阳能脱盐建立性畜饮水点工程典型技术模式。 相似文献
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A model was used to estimate the number of autumn machinery work-days in England and Wales for a range of potential climate change sensitivity tests. The sensitivity tests were based on current best estimates of climate change and were referenced to a 30-year baseline climate. The analysis showed that decreases in precipitation have a much greater effect on the average number of work-days than increases in precipitation of a similar magnitude or increases in temperature of between 1 and 2°C. A 2°C increase in temperature was found to be off-set by a 10% increase in precipitation resulting in little change to the number of work-days compared with the baseline. The results suggested that autumn soil tillage opportunities will be improved by global warming unless precipitation increases substantially (by 15% or more). However, there are likely to be strong regional differences in the magnitude of this improvement. 相似文献
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气候变化对华北粮食主产区水资源的影响及适应对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候变化已成为目前全球最为重要的环境问题之一,气候变化将通过加速水文循环进而对区域水资源产生重要影响。采用统计分析和数学模拟方法,分析了气候变化对中国华北粮食主产区水资源的可能影响。结果表明:过去50年黄河中下游地区和海河流域河川径流呈现显著性减少趋势,淮河流域及黄河上游河川径流为非显著性变化;其中,1980年以来海河流域实测径流量较前期减少超过50%。未来30~50年华北粮食主产区气温将持续上升,降水的不确定性更大,总体呈现弱增加趋势。受气温升高和降水变化影响,未来几十年水资源总体以略微偏少为主,但存在区域性增多的可能;在RCPP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5排放情景下,区域水资源较基准期(1961—1990)分别变化-1.3%、1.0%和-2.3%。在空间分布上,黄河中游水资源可能略有增多,但淮河和海河流域水资源很可能进一步减少,华北粮食主产区水资源供需矛盾可能会因气候变化而更为突出。加强节水型社会建设、水利工程建设以及充分利用非传统水源是该地区未来适应气候变化的核心工作。 相似文献
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This study assessed the use of Facebook by farmers and extension agents in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. One Hundred respondents (80 farmers and 20 extension agents) were selected using purposive and random sampling techniques. Research findings revealed that most farmers (56.2%) reported a low level of use of Facebook, while 50% of extension agents made high use of Facebook. Major constraints to using Facebook were poor network services for farmers and power failure for extension agents. Sex, formal education and income had significant effect on the farmers' level of Facebook use. It is therefore recommended that Internet services and electricity be improved in the study area. 相似文献
18.
O. I. Oladele 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(2):167-176
This study compared researchers, extension agents, and farmers’ perceptions of the effect of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on agricultural information access. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 88 researchers, 115 extension agents, and 271 farmers. Data collected through a structured questionnaire were analyzed using means, standard deviation, and one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that, of the 29 statements on the rating scale, researchers, extension agents, and farmers agreed with and were positively disposed to 25, 23, and 19, respectively. A significant difference in the effect of ICT on agricultural information access among researchers, extension agents, and farmers (F = 6.49, p < .05) was observed. Access to agricultural information through ICT will continue to improve, since perceptions are overtly positive among researchers, extension agents, and farmers. 相似文献
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Katherine H. Cameron K. P. Somachandra Claire N. Curry Wade H. Jenner Shaun L. A. Hobbs 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(4):212-229
Delivering actionable, high-quality plant health knowledge to smallholder farmers and the extension workers who support them is a major challenge. Few farmers access information via the Internet and remote locations make them difficult to reach. The Plantwise program has been working with local partners to implement processes and delivery channels for reaching more farmers with the agricultural advice they need to grow more and lose less to pests. Responding to feedback, content types and formats have been improved, quality control and updating mechanisms have been implemented, and new tools have been developed to deliver information to all who need it. 相似文献