共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
川西南山地云南松林窗更新特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
词查四川省攀枝花市原始云南松林中的65个林窗,研究林窗的面积、年龄和开阔度对云南松更新的影响.结果表明:林窗干扰有利于云南松天然更新;小林窗中云南松幼苗更新密度最大,大林窗中云南松幼树及成树的密度较大;幼苗和幼树在幼年林窗中密度较大,而成树在老年林窗中密度最大;云南松幼苗密度随开阔度的提高而降低,幼树和成树的密度则增加;开阔度越大云南松个体也越大,但在开阔度低于0.6的林窗中,云南松更新困难;林窗和非林窗下云南松的重要值均排第1位,表明未来该研究区仍以云南松为优势种. 相似文献
2.
在福建宁化国有林场开展了林下、小林窗和大林窗3种生境下木荷幼苗生长和6年生木荷幼树生物量分配特征的研究。结果表明,林下生长的木荷幼苗成活率显著高于小林窗和大林窗内的苗木;6年生木荷幼树平均树高和平均胸径在小林窗内最大,其次为大林窗,林下木荷幼树生长相对缓慢;林下生长的木荷幼树各营养器官生物量大小为干枝根叶,而大林窗和小林窗内各营养器官生物量的大小均为干根枝叶。在林下生境中,木荷采取保守生存策略,分配较多的生物量给枝叶用于获取更多光照;在林窗中,林木分配更多资源用于自身干物质积累,维持较高的生长速率。 相似文献
3.
以我国西藏南部的乔松林为研究对象,采用典型样地法,选取17个环境因子,探究影响乔松林天然更新的主要因素。结果显示：(1)幼苗更新密度与坡度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与最暖季平均温呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与最干季降水量和地形湿度指数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);(2)CCA(典型相关分析,canonical correlation analysis)排序表明,最干季降水量和最湿季降水量是影响幼苗更新的主要因子,最湿季降水量和最暖季平均温是影响幼树更新的主要因子;(3)幼苗存活率与群落灌木层盖度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与乔木平均树高呈显著负相关(P<0.05);(4)中林窗下幼苗更新密度、幼苗高度和幼树更新密度均显著高于其余林窗类型(P<0.05),中林窗下幼树高度略低于小林窗,但仍然高于大林窗与非林窗。 相似文献
4.
采用样线法调查研究区内林隙分布,共获得36个林隙,大小不同林隙内植物种类组成表现出一定差异,大林隙(300~400m2)乔木树种18种,灌木、草本植物28种;小林隙(<100m2)乔木树种13种,中林隙(100~200m2)11种,两者灌木及草本植物均21种。大、中林隙内乔木树种以江南桤木居多,小林隙中暖木和甜槠占优势;3个林隙中灌木均以青栲幼苗占绝对优势,表明青栲将有可能进入林冠层而逐渐成为优势树种。林隙内乔木树种种数、丰富度指数均大于非林隙,均匀度小于非林隙;灌木、草本植物具有同样规律。乔木树种物种多样性以大林隙最高、中林隙最低;不同面积林隙SW多样性指数、均匀度指数依次为:大林隙>中林隙>小林隙;生态优势度为:中林隙>大林隙>小林隙。灌木、草本植物物种数、丰富度指数表现出300~400m2面积的大林隙内达最大值,并随林隙面积的减小而减小,灌、草层植物多样性最大值也出现在大林隙中;生态优势度指数中林隙最大,小林隙最小。 相似文献
5.
林窗对大兴安岭南段杨桦次生林林下更新特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究杨桦次生林不同林窗大小对林下物种更新特征的影响,为人为近自然模拟林窗干扰更新提供理论依据和参考。以内蒙古大兴安岭南段杨桦次生林为研究对象,按海拔梯度将6hm~2大样地分为坡上、坡中及坡下,每个坡位划分为4个林窗面积等级,每个等级内选择3个不同面积林窗,作为3个重复,每个坡位选择林窗36个,在每个林窗内设置更新苗调查样方5个。同时设置相同面积的对照样方(CK)36个。共调查林窗更新苗样方180个,林内对照更新苗样方180个。结果表明,林窗具有使原先锋物种(蒙古栎)更新密度下降的趋势;林窗内蒙古栎均为主要更新物种,从坡下到坡上,蒙古栎更新苗密度分别占总更新密度的61.19%,50%,39.86%;林窗中更新苗都以低矮植株(60cm)为主,更新苗在不同坡位、不同林窗面积中均表现为随高度级的增加,更新苗数量降低。不同坡位不同高度级内更新苗数量基本呈现出大林窗多于小林窗;坡位及林窗面积均对蒙古栎更新苗基径影响显著(P0.05);林窗能够显著促进蒙古栎更新苗粗生长,在林窗面积为80～100m~2达到最大;林窗内坡上及坡下蒙古栎更新苗基径均大于林内,坡中没有如此表现。总的来看,林窗能够显著促进林下物种更新与生长,并且具有使原有先锋物种(蒙古栎)更新密度下降的趋势。 相似文献
6.
在我国内蒙古自治区森林草原过渡带中,从林窗内到周围环境进行沙地云杉(Piceamongolica)幼苗的调查以阐明其梯度变化。在沙地森林区,选择了一个形成年龄长达30年的大林窗,从林窗中央向周围森林作2个5m宽的样带,对沙地云杉幼苗动态进行了监测。幼苗距离林窗中心越远,个体越高,数量也越多。在林窗内,有很多幼苗,但是大多数的幼苗在它们长大之前就死亡了。相对于林木高度的动态变化,幼苗的死亡率在样带中的分布基本上有着相似的规律。沿着森林的边缘,幼苗的生长可能由于林窗中边缘光线渗透而得到暂时的提高。文中还讨论了自然森林的更新动态。结果表明在沙地云杉林里林窗干扰带能产生一个非均质的环境促进物种的更新,从而决定了该森林是一个多年龄层次的森林类型。图6参37。 相似文献
7.
林窗形成导致环境资源再分配,进而影响物种入侵、种子萌发、幼苗更新和幼树存活;林窗改变了森林空间结构和植物群落组成,增加了群落异质性,这为保持森林群落相对稳定奠定了基础,也为多种生物共存发展提供了适宜的条件。目前,关于林窗对植被更新、植物多样性影响研究较多,但至今没有一个公认的客观量化林窗定义的方法,导致研究者采用的林窗识别标准不同,无法对现有林窗研究进行有效比较,且林窗特征测定方法也尚未完善。文中对林窗的概念形成、定义发展及林窗特征（形状、大小、形成、年龄及边缘木）测定方法进行梳理,探讨目前林窗研究存在的问题,以期为未来林窗干扰相关研究提供历史脉络与研究方向。 相似文献
8.
通过对西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林林隙更新调查，研究了林隙大小与更新以及林隙形成年龄与更新的关系，对林隙和非林隙林分内幼苗和幼树的高生长进行了比较。结果表明：林隙大小在100m^2左右，最适合于苗高20cm以下的更新幼苗生存，超过100m^2，更新幼苗随着林隙面积的增大而减少；林隙大小在300m^2左右，最适合冷杉幼树和小径木的生存。林隙形成年龄在30a左右，更新幼苗和幼树的数量最多，而小径木数量有限，随着林隙形成年龄的增大，小径木数量逐渐增多，而幼苗和幼树逐渐减少；林隙内幼苗、幼树和小径木的密度均大于非林隙林分；林隙对3年生以下幼苗的高生长影响不大，对4年生以上幼树的高生长有促进作用，特别是对9年生至16年生幼树高生长的促进作用最明显。 相似文献
9.
坡向及林窗大小对油松人工林天然更新幼苗数量及生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《防护林科技》2019,(12)
通过选择设置不同坡向、林窗大小的林分,比较了各类型油松人工林内天然更新的1～8年生幼苗数量、树高、基径、生物量等变化,结果表明:不同坡向、林窗大小下幼苗生长情况存在差异,林下生长4年以及4年以上的苗木缺乏,小林窗中生长8年的大规格苗木缺乏,大林窗中的苗木结构相对较为合理,但是6～7年生苗木的数量较少;大林窗有利于苗木树高、基径生长以及生物量积累,阴坡林分更新苗木状况好于阳坡林分。 相似文献
10.
华西箭竹对岷江冷杉林主要乔木树种幼苗结构及分布格局的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
在亚高山岷江冷杉林中选取≤50 m2、50～150 m2和＞150 m2的林窗,每种类型内都包含3种华西箭竹盖度(≤20%、20%～50%和＞50%),共调查林窗9个.通过野外群落学调查,研究林窗内岷江冷杉、糙皮桦和川滇长尾槭这3种主要乔木树种幼苗的结构和分布格局.结果表明:1)在华西箭竹盖度大的林窗中,3个树种的各高度级幼苗都不多,林窗形成后,绝大多数林窗被华西箭竹植株定居,竹盖度对主要树种幼苗总密度以及岷江冷杉幼苗密度的影响显著(p＜0.05);2)华西箭竹盖度对岷江冷杉幼苗密度的影响最明显,主要是由于3个树种的生态学特性存在差异,岷江冷杉在没有华西箭竹分布或箭竹盖度小的地方优先更新;3)3种幼苗在9个林窗几乎全为聚集分布,这主要取决于幼苗生物学特性及林窗环境.林窗大小和华西箭竹盖度的综合作用对优势树种幼苗的结构和分布格局产生影响. 相似文献
11.
Canopy gaps and regeneration in old-growth Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands, northern Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Virgin beech Fagus orientalis forests in northern Iran provide a unique opportunity to study the disturbance regimes of forest ecosystems without human influence. The aim of this research was to describe characteristics of natural canopy gaps and gap area fraction as an environmental influence on the success of beech seedling establishment in mature beech stands. All canopy gaps and related forest parameters were measured within three 25 ha areas within the Gorazbon compartment of the University of Tehran’s Kheyrud Experimental Forest. An average of 3 gaps/ha occurred in the forest and gap sizes ranged from 19 to 1250 m2 in size. The most frequent (58%) canopy gaps were <200 m2. In total, canopy gaps covered 9.3% of the forest area. Gaps <400 m2 in size were irregular in shape, but larger gaps did not differ significantly in shape from a circle. Most gaps (41%) were formed by a single tree-fall event and beech made up 63% of gap makers and 93% of gap fillers. Frequency and diversity of tree seedlings were not significantly correlated with gap size. The minimum gap size that contained at least one beech gap-filling sapling (<1.3 m tall) was 23.7 m2. The median gap size containing at least one beech gap-filling sapling was 206 m2 and the maximum size was 1808 m2. The management implications from our study suggest that the creation of small and medium sized gaps in mixed beech forest should mimic natural disturbance regimes and provide suitable conditions for successful beech regeneration. 相似文献
12.
In 1998, we analysed regeneration success in four 20 year old medium-sized (600–800 m2) and four small experimental gaps (100–200 m2) in subalpine Norway spruce forest in Triglav National Park, Slovenia. We assessed the influence of site (depressions, slopes), gap size, and position within gap (centre, gap south, and north edge) on regeneration success and interactions between regeneration density, height, height increment, direct and diffuse light, ground vegetation, soil depth, thickness of humus horizons, presence of woody debris, and microrelief. Seedling density was higher in depressions, where more seedlings developed in central positions of gaps in both gap sizes, and in microsites with deeper soils, less competition from ground vegetation and convex microsites. On slopes, a higher seedling density was found in small gaps, and at the northern edge of gaps regardless of gap size. Here, seedling density was negatively influenced by diffuse radiation and positively by soil depth. The results suggest that regeneration should be initiated from medium to large gaps in depressions and small gaps on slopes. Development of established seedlings was enhanced by higher radiation levels on both sites, therefore favourable extension of the gaps would be lateral to northwards. 相似文献
13.
燕山山地油松人工林林隙大小对更新的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
林隙(gap)又称林窗,指森林群落中老龄树木死亡或偶然因素(如干旱、台风、火灾等)造成成熟阶段的优势种死亡,从而形成林冠空隙的现象(Watt,1947)。美国生态学家Runkle(1982)将林隙分为2种,一种是林冠空隙(canopy gap),指上方无树冠遮荫的部分,即太阳处于正中位置时无树冠遮荫的面积之和;另一种是扩展林隙(expanded gap),指形成该林隙周围树木基部所包围的面积(Runkle,1981)。本研究所指的林隙为应用最为广泛的扩展林隙。近年来的森林动态学研究表明:林隙在森林结构和多样性维持中起着重要的作用,已 相似文献
14.
Robert C. Morrissey Douglass F. Jacobs Anthony S. Davis Ron A. Rathfon 《New Forests》2010,40(3):273-287
Successful regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) on productive sites is problematic in eastern North American forests. Natural and artificial regeneration often cannot compete with fast-growing, shade intolerant species such as yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.). This study examines 5-year survival, growth, and competitive ability of planted northern red oak seedlings in various group selection harvest sizes in south-central Indiana, USA. Seedling stocktypes consisted of high (BHD; 75 seedlings m?2) and low (BLD; 21 seedlings m?2) nursery-bed-density bareroot seedlings, and small (CS; 11.4 L) and large (CL; 18.9 L) container seedlings. Group selection openings included large (0.400 ha), medium (0.100 ha), and small (0.024 ha) circular gaps in four stands. Larger stocktypes and gap sizes improved seedling height, diameter, and growth; ANOVA indicated only gap size was significant for seedling survival. Logistic regression showed survival was positively correlated to diameter at year 1, and aspect, gap size, and stocktype were significant predictors of survival. Our data indicated no differences in density of natural regeneration among gap sizes, although trends suggest greater numbers of bigger competitors in larger gaps sizes. Yellow-poplar regeneration was the tallest competitor of more than 50% of all northern red oak seedlings. Competitive status of seedlings after 5 years differed only by stocktype, with large container stock in a better competitive position than bareroot stock. However, less than 20% of seedlings in all stocktypes in each gap treatment were considered competitive (i.e., ≥80% of the height of tallest competitor) against their tallest competitor. The use of larger planting stock may offer greater opportunities for successfully regenerating northern red oak seedlings on productive sites but likely would have to be accompanied by treatments to reduce woody competition. 相似文献
15.
Correlations between canopy gaps and species diversity in broad-leaved and Korean pine mixed forests
Regeneration of tree species associated with canopy gaps in broad-leaved Korean pine forests was investigated. Species diversity
in gaps and under closed canopy was compared, the relationship between biodiversity and gap structure was analyzed. Results
indicate that there were significant differences between tree species diversity in gaps and that under canopy (p<0.01). In terms of Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index, and abundance index, the biodiversity in gap community were higher
than those under forest canopy in regeneration layer. In terms of Simpson’s dominance index, the dominance of certain species
in the regeneration layer increased from gaps to closed canopy (p<0.01). In contrast, trends of biodiversity changes of succession layer in gaps and under closed canopy were opposite. Tree
species diversity of different layers reacted directly to the change of gap size class. For example, Shannon-Wiener index
and abundance index is higher and Simpson’s dominance index is the lowest in succession layer of medium-size gap (100–250
m2) in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountains. Shannon-Wiener index reached the highest in a size of ≥250
m2 and <100 m2, reached the lowest in a size of 200–250 m2 in the regeneration layer. Simpson’s dominance index reached its maximum when the gap size was between 200 and 250 m2. Generally, species of different layers reacted differently to the changes of gap size classes. The gap size class with more
seedlings did not correspond to size class containing more medium-size trees. Tree species diversity indices in the two layers
behaved reciprocally during the development process of forest gaps.
__________
Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(12): 2,236–2,240 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(12): 2,236–2,240] 相似文献
16.
为了阐明华北落叶松人工林不同林隙大小对更新的影响规律,对木兰围场低效华北落叶松人工林林隙内苗木更新特性进行了研究。结果表明:林隙内更新苗的主要种类有华北落叶松、山杨和油松。华北落叶松和山杨的密度在林隙面积为120~140m2时最大,达到2 411株/hm2;而油松的密度在林隙面积为20~40m2时最大,为196株/hm2。随着林隙面积的增大,华北落叶松和山杨大径级和大高度级更新幼苗数量基本呈现增加的趋势,在林隙面积达到160~180m2时达到最大值;而油松在40~60m2时达到最大,径级大于2cm的更新苗密度为69株/hm2。 相似文献
17.
No��mie Gaudio Philippe Balandier Gwena?l Philippe Yann Dumas Fr��d��ric Jean Christian Ginisty 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(1):77-89
Depending on its developmental and morphological characteristics, shrubby or herbaceous understorey vegetation interacts differently with tree seedlings during the regeneration process. In acidic temperate forests, three common understorey plant species??Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Kersten, Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench??are known to rapidly colonize forest gaps. Therefore, they often develop at the expense of light-demanding Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. An experiment was set up in a nursery in central France to mimic early competition occurring in a newly created gap between Scots pine seedlings and these three common understorey species (young forest-harvested individuals planted at 5 densities from 0 to 57 plants m?2). Pine seedling survival and growth (height, diameter, shoot and root biomass) and a functional trait (leaf mass on an area basis, LMA) were measured for 2 years, and cross-analysed against plant density, plant cover and available light. When understorey plant density increased, pine seedling diameter growth and biomass were negatively affected by all three plant species; height growth only slowed beneath Pteridium. These negative effects were closely linked to competition for light beneath Pteridium and Molinia. The application of the Beer?CLambert law gave an extinction coefficient k that was high for Pteridium, intermediate for Molinia and much lower for Calluna. LMA was confirmed as an effective foliar trait to reflect the degree of stress undergone by pine seedlings. 相似文献
18.
Benjamin O. KnappG. Geoff Wang Huifeng HuJoan L. Walker Carsyn Tennant 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(7):1157-1167
Historical land use and management practices in the southeastern United States have resulted in the dominance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on many upland sites that historically were occupied by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). There is currently much interest in restoring high quality longleaf pine habitats to such areas, but managers may also desire the retention of some existing canopy trees to meet current conservation objectives. However, fast-growing natural loblolly pine regeneration may threaten the success of artificially regenerated longleaf pine seedlings. We evaluated the establishment and growth of natural loblolly pine regeneration following different levels of timber harvest using single-tree selection (Control (uncut, residual basal area ∼16 m2/ha), MedBA (residual basal area of ∼9 m2/ha), LowBA (residual basal area of ∼6 m2/ha), and Clearcut (complete canopy removal)) and to different positions within canopy gaps (approximately 2800 m2) created by patch cutting at two ecologically distinct sites within the longleaf pine range: Fort Benning, GA in the Middle Coastal Plain and Camp Lejeune, NC in the Lower Coastal Plain. The density of loblolly pine seedlings was much higher at Camp Lejeune than at Fort Benning at the end of the first growing season after harvesting. Following two growing seasons, there were no significant effects of canopy density or gap position on the density of loblolly pine seedlings at either site, but loblolly pine seedlings were taller on treatments with greater canopy removal. Prescribed fires applied following the second growing season killed 70.6% of loblolly pine seedlings at Fort Benning and 64.3% of seedlings at Camp Lejeune. Loblolly pine seedlings were generally less than 2 m tall, and completeness of the prescribed burns appeared more important for determining seedling survival than seedling size. Silvicultural treatments that include canopy removal, such as patch cutting or clearcuts, will increase loblolly pine seedling growth and shorten the window of opportunity for control with prescribed fire. Therefore, application of prescribed fire every 2-3 years will be critical for control of loblolly pine regeneration during restoration of longleaf pine in existing loblolly pine stands. 相似文献
19.
Effects of gaps on regeneration of woody plants: a meta-analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Forest gaps, openings in the canopy caused by death of one or more trees, have a profound effect on forest regeneration and drive the forest growth cycle. It is therefore necessary to understand the effects of forest gaps on regeneration for modern forest management. In order to provide a quantitative assessment of the effects of forest gaps on regen-eration of woody plants, we conducted this review of gap effects on woody plant regeneration on the basis of 527 observations from 42 indi-vidual papers, and reported the results of these data in a meta-analysis. Overall, densities of regenerated woody plants were significantly greater （359%） in forest gaps than on the closed-canopy forest floor. The regen-eration density in gaps of plantation forests was significantly greater （P＆lt;0.05） than that of natural forest because the regeneration in gaps of plan-tation forests was improved by both gap effects and experimental meas-ures. Similarly, in comparison to natural gaps, regeneration was better enhanced in artificial gaps. Regeneration density exhibited a significantly positive correlation with gap size, but a negative correlation with gap age because the gap size decreased with increasing gap age. Shade tolerance of woody plants affected regeneration density in gaps and understory. Average regeneration density of shade-tolerant species exhibited a sig-nificantly positive response to gaps but densities remained lower in total than those of intermediate and shade-intolerant species. Gap effects on regeneration decreased in response to increasing temperature and pre-cipitation because of the limiting effects of lower temperature and moisture on woody plant regeneration. In summary, forest gaps enhance woody plant regeneration, and the effects of gaps varied by forest type, gap characteristics, environmental factors and plant traits. The results of this meta-analysis are useful for better understanding the effects and roles of gaps on forest regeneration and forest management. 相似文献