共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 405 毫秒
1.
R.C.Sulabo M.D.Tokach E.J.Wiedenlann J. Y.Jacelal J.L.Nelssen S.S.Dritzl J.M.DeRouchey R. D.Gooodballd 冯占雨 张贤群 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2009,29(1)
本研究共选用54头PIC 1050系母猪及其所产仔猪,以研究不同的教槽持续时间对教槽窝的仔猪教槽料采食量和断奶前生长性能的影响.试验进行时根据胎次和分娩日期将母猪分成2组,并利用随机化完全区组设计法将它们分成3个处理.试验仔猪从出生后第7、14和18天开始教槽,持续时间依次为13、6和2 d.利用带有送料斗的旋转式教槽料饲喂器给仔猪供应添加了氧化铬的教槽日粮(含1 585大卡代谢能/lb、1.56%真回肠可消化赖氨酸),直至断奶时(20日龄)结束.教槽期间仔猪实行自由采食,自由饮水.母猪在整个哺乳期采取自由采食,哺乳期日粮含1 586大卡代谢能/lb和0.97%真回肠可消化赖氨酸.仔猪在出生当日、出生后第7、14、18和20天进行个体称重,以计算总增重和日增重,记录并计算每窝仔猪的每日教槽料采食量.用无菌棉拭分别在仔猪出生后第14、18和20天(第一处理组)、或第18和20天(第二处理组)、或第20天(第三处理组)每天两次对所有仔猪采集粪样.在采样日的任一天中,凡仔猪粪便有一次呈绿色,则该仔猪就被认定为"采食仔猪".总体而言,采用不同教槽持续时间的试验仔猪,在断奶体重(P<0.61)、总增重(P<0.38)和日增重(P<0.38)上无显著差异.教槽持续13 d和6 d的仔猪其每窝教槽料总采食量高于教槽持续2 d的每窝仔猪教槽料采食量(P<0.0001).教槽13 d和6 d的仔猪在窝教槽料采食量上无显著差异(P<0.69).教槽持续13 d的仔猪在每窝"采食仔猪"比例上比教槽持续6 d和2 d的多10%(80%比70%;P<0.03);教槽6 d和2 d的仔猪在窝采食仔猪百分比上无显著差异(P<0.98).总之.较长的教槽持续时间并不会影响仔猪断奶前增重和断奶体重,但的确会提高整窝仔猪中的采食仔猪数;然而,在断奶前仅教槽持续2 d的仔猪窝中具有相时较高的采食仔猪比例(70%). 相似文献
2.
本试验的目的是测定不同设计类型的教槽料饲喂器和较高的采食便利性对仔猪教槽料采食量及其断奶前生产性能的影响。试验选用54头PIC1050系母猪及其所产仔猪，根据胎龄和分娩日期将试验母猪分成两批，再根据随机完全区组设计将每批试验母猪分入三个试验处理组中。处理1组为对照组，仔猪使用料斗型旋转式饲喂器；处理2组仔猪使用非料斗型旋转式饲喂器；处理3组仔猪使用长条式饲喂器。试验仔猪从分娩后第18天至断奶（第21天）进行自由采食教槽料，日粮含代谢能1585kcal／Ib、真回肠可消化赖氨酸仃IDLys）1．56％，并添加1．0％的三氧化二铬。母猪在整个哺乳期自由采食单一日粮（ME：1586kcal／Ib，TIDLys：0．97嘲。仔猪在出生后第0（出生当日）、18和21天（断奶时）进行个体称重，以计算总增重和日增重。计算饲喂器内饲料消耗量，并以此作为窝教槽料采食量。在断奶前3～12h，用无菌棉签对所有处理组的仔猪采集两次粪便样本。在两次取样中，仔猪粪便颜色至少有一次为绿色时，该仔猪就被认为采食教槽料仔猪（简称采食仔猪）。结果表明，使用不同设计类型的饲喂器进行饲喂的仔猪，断奶时在个体重（p〈0．18）和窝重（P〈0．51）上均没有显著差异，在个体和窝的总增重伊〈0．20）及日增重（P〈0．31）上也很接近。采用非料斗型旋转式饲喂器或长条式饲喂器饲喂的仔猪，所消耗的总教槽料比使用料斗型旋转式饲喂器饲喂的仔猪多2．7倍（P〈0．0001）。对于料斗型旋转式、非料斗型旋转式和长条式饲喂器饲喂的仔猪，每12h平均饲喂频率分别是1、2．3和4．2次。饲喂器设计类型对饲喂教槽料仔猪中采食仔猪的比例有显著影响（P〈0．0001）。在使用料斗型旋转式、非料斗型旋转式和长条式饲喂器的仔猪中，采食仔猪分别占69％、47 相似文献
3.
哺乳母猪料采食和哺乳仔猪料采食对仔猪个体和窝性能的影响见表4、5。哺乳母猪料采食水平对窝断奶数（P〈0．93）和断奶前死亡率（P〈0.76）无影响。自由采食组母猪提高了仔猪窝总增重（P〈0.04）和日增重（P〈0.04）并有比限饲组母猪增加断奶重（P〈0.10）的倾向。相似的情况还有窝总增重（P〈0．04）、日增重（P〈0.03）和断奶时仔猪个体重（P〈0.06）,在自由采食组母猪也有提高。 相似文献
4.
哺乳母猪料采食和哺乳仔猪料采食对仔猪个体和窝性能的影响见表4、5。哺乳母猪料采食水平对窝断奶数（P〈0．93）和断奶前死亡率（P〈0.76）无影响。自由采食组母猪提高了仔猪窝总增重（P〈0.04）和日增重（P〈0.04）并有比限饲组母猪增加断奶重（P〈0.10）的倾向。相似的情况还有窝总增重（P〈0．04）、日增重（P〈0.03）和断奶时仔猪个体重（P〈0.06）,在自由采食组母猪也有提高。 相似文献
5.
本试验的目的是测定不同设计类型的教槽料饲喂器和较高的采食便利性对仔猪教槽料采食量及其断奶前生产性能的影响.试验选用54头PIC 1050系母猪及其所产仔猪,根据胎龄和分娩日期将试验母猪分成两批,再根据随机完全区组设计将每批试验母猪分入三个试验处理组中.处理1组为对照组,仔猪使用料斗型旋转式饲喂器;处理2组仔猪使用非料斗型旋转式饲喂器;处理3组仔猪使用长条式饲喂器.试验仔猪从分娩后第18天至断奶(第21天)进行自由采食教槽料,日粮含代谢能1 585kcal/lb、真回肠可消化赖氨酸(TID Lys)1.56%,并添加1.0%的三氧化二铬.母猪在整个哺乳期自由采食单一日粮(ME:1 586kcal/lb,TID Lys:0.97%).仔猪在出生后第0(出生当日)、18和21天(断奶时)进行个体称重,以计算总增重和日增重.计算饲喂器内饲料消耗量,并以此作为窝教槽料采食量.在断奶前3～12h,用无菌棉签对所有处理组的仔猪采集两次粪便样本.在两次取样中,仔猪粪便颜色至少有一次为绿色时,该仔猪就被认为采食教槽料仔猪(简称采食仔猪).结果表明,使用不同设计类型的饲喂器进行饲喂的仔猪,断奶时在个体重(P<0.18)和窝重(P<0.51)上均没有显著差异,在个体和窝的总增重(P<0.20)及日增重(P<0.31)上也很接近.采用非料斗型旋转式饲喂器或长条式饲喂器饲喂的仔猪,所消耗的总教槽料比使用料斗型旋转式饲喂器饲喂的仔猪多2.7倍(P<0.0001).对于料斗型旋转式、非料斗型旋转式和长条式饲喂器饲喂的仔猪,每12h平均饲喂频率分别是1、2.3和4.2次.饲喂器设计类型对饲喂教槽料仔猪中采食仔猪的比例有显著影响(P<0.0001).在使用料斗型旋转式、非料斗型旋转式和长条式饲喂器的仔猪中,采食仔猪分别占69%、47%和42%.总之,在饲喂教槽料的仔猪中,采食仔猪的比例会受非日粮因素的影响,例如饲喂器设计类型. 相似文献
6.
不同教槽料对哺乳-断奶仔猪生长性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验旨在研究不同教槽料对哺乳-断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,采用单因子设计试验,选择3~5胎次的哺乳母猪66头,随机分配到2个处理组,每组33头,即33窝哺乳仔猪,每个处理仔猪出生后第7天分别饲喂A公司生产的奶粉教槽料和B公司生产的奶妈教槽料。试验所用仔猪出生前后相差7 d,仔猪共分2批断奶,每批保证2个处理各有1个重复,共2个重复。每批保证2个处理组的母猪在胎次、品种、体况及上胎次繁殖性能方面对应相同,仔猪在品种、日龄、体况及健康度方面对应相同。每个重复平均在（22.5±0.5）d断奶,断奶后转到保育舍继续饲喂与哺乳期相同的教槽料,直至断奶后14 d。本试验分为两个阶段,哺乳预饲-诱食阶段15.5 d和保育正试阶段14 d。试验结果表明：1）在预饲-诱食阶段,奶妈料组日采食量显著高于奶粉料组（P〈0.05）。2）在保育正试阶段,奶妈料组在末重、日增重、日采食量方面都显著高于奶粉料组（P〈0.05）,料重比方面显著低于奶粉料组（P〈0.05）,腹泻率比奶粉料组降低了28.04%（P〉0.05）,每千克增重成本比奶粉料组少0.51元。结论：根据该场的实际情况,奶妈料对该场哺乳-断奶仔猪的生长性能以及经济效益的影响效果更优。 相似文献
7.
选择28日龄断奶、平均体重（8．06±0．44）kg的仔猪36头,按体重相近、性别一致的原则随机分为2个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头猪。试验期28d,饲喂相同的饲粮,但处理1为自由采食,处理2为限制采食（每天上午8：00-10：00和下午5：00-7：00）,考察不同饲喂方式对断奶仔猪生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响。试验结果表明：①与限制采食相比,整个试验期断奶仔猪在自由采食条件下的日采食量和日增重分别提高28．0％（P〈0．05）和11．9％（P〈0．05）;②自由采食比限制采食经济效益提高6.41％;③采食量为断奶仔猪阶段首要考虑因素,因此建议规模猪场采用自由采食。本试验结论表明,自由采食可以提高断奶仔猪的日采食量和日增重,但降低了仔猪的饲料转化率。 相似文献
8.
试验选取胎次相近（2～3胎）和分娩日龄相差7d左右的长×大二元母猪24头．随机分为4个处理组．各处理组哺乳仔猪从5日龄开始补料,分别饲喂A、B、C和D4种教槽料。结果表明：母猪从分娩到断奶期间总采食量个体间没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。1～4d和4～21d．仔猪日增重和采食量无显著差异（P〉0．05）;4～28d和全程（1＋28d）仔猪日增重差异不显著（P〉0．05）。21～28d生长阶段,B组仔猪采食量和日增重均显著高于A、C和D组（P〈0．05）：B组公猪日增重显著高于A组（P〈0．05）;B组母猪日增重显著高于A、C和D组（P〈0．05）;负增重比例,B组较其他3组最低。仔猪在各阶段腹泻率差异均不显著（P〉0．05）：断奶后7d．B和C组腹泻仔猪与D和A组差异显著（P〈0．05）。B和C组的仔猪皮毛光滑程度高于A和D组。以上结果表明B组教槽料对仔猪生产性能和减少腹泻情况的效果最好． 相似文献
9.
本试验旨在研究哺乳仔猪采食教槽料的日龄规律。选用出生7日龄、窝均仔猪数11.7头、母猪2.5胎的哺乳仔猪13窝,统一补饲教槽料直至28日龄断奶,以窝为单位记录采食量,计算仔猪的平均日采食教槽料量并进行回归分析。结果表明,哺乳仔猪70%以上采食教槽料发生在21~28日龄,7~28日龄平均日采食教槽料量符合指数型增长曲线（R2=0.899,P<0.001）,根据试验结果和拟合曲线,提出哺乳期教槽料补饲方案：7~14日龄5~10 g/头/d、15~20日龄10~15 g/头/d、21~24日龄20~30 g/头/d、25日龄至断奶50~60 g/头/d。 相似文献
10.
总计84头母猪(PIC,Line1050)和它们所生仔猪被用于本实验,以确定泌乳料和教槽料采食对母猪和仔猪性能的影响。母猪按照分娩日期和胎次被分为3组,并按照2×2因子实验:母猪采食(自由采食与限饲)和仔猪采食(不喂仔猪料与喂仔猪料)共4个处理。仔猪被交叉寄养于每个实验组,以均衡窝重和窝仔猪数(>11头仔猪)。实验采用的是一种普通泌乳母猪料(ME 14.65MJ/kg,TID 0.97%lys),产仔后3d自由采食组母猪开始自由采食,限饲组母猪饲喂比自由采食组少25%的泌乳母猪料。饲喂仔猪料组仔猪采用的是加有1%氧化铬标记物的颗粒料(ME 14.64MJ/kg,TID 1.56%Lys),从3日龄喂到21日龄断奶。仔猪分别于3、7、14、21日龄称个体重,并每天计量仔猪采食量。在7、14、21日龄采集所有喂仔猪料的仔猪的粪便样本,同时通过仔猪粪便颜色区分采食仔猪料的仔猪和未采食仔猪料的仔猪。母猪在分娩后和断奶时称重,并测量P2点(距背中线6.5cm,最后肋骨)背膘。泌乳料采食和仔猪料采食没有相互作用,自由采食组母猪减少了体重损失(-15kg与-24kg;P<0.01),提高了仔猪窝重(P<0.04)和日增重(P<0.04),并比限饲组提高了断奶后14d内发情率(90%与71%;P<0.03)。饲喂仔猪料对母猪体重、背膘损失无影响(P>0.30),但会拖后母猪断奶后14d内发情间隔(5.4d与4.9d;P<0.09)。饲喂仔猪料有改善断奶窝重(61.2与56.7kg/d;P<0.09)和减少交叉寄养后仔猪死亡率(3.9%与7.3%;P<0.06)的倾向。自由采食母猪组和限饲母猪组仔猪采食仔猪料量差异不明显(2.24与2.28;P<0.93)。喂仔猪料组大约60%仔猪被确定采食了仔猪料,在被确定采食仔猪料的仔猪中有23%、20%和57%开始采食分别从3～7日龄、7～14日龄、14～21日龄。从断奶后0～28d,饲喂仔猪料与不喂仔猪料组在断奶后28d重(P<0.95)、日增重(P<0.86)、日采食量(P<0.93)和料重比(P<0.95)差异不显著。采食仔猪料的仔猪在断奶后28d重(P<0.16)和日增重(P<0.06)方面好于不吃仔猪料和不喂仔猪料仔猪。结论:喂仔猪料可以改善仔猪成活率但不能改进仔猪断奶前增重和母猪性能表现。泌乳母猪采食量低会对母猪性能和仔猪性能产生负面影响。让更多的仔猪采食仔猪料对改善仔猪断奶后性能是有利的。 相似文献
11.
Kuller WI van Beers-Schreurs HM Soede NM Taverne MA Kemp B Verheijden JH 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(7):748-752
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the addition of chromic oxide (Cr(2)O(3)) to creep feed could be used as a visual marker in feces for selection of creep feed-eating suckling pigs. ANIMALS: 20 suckling pigs. PROCEDURES: Via syringe, 5 pigs (2 to 3 days old on day 0; 1 pig/treatment) from each of 4 litters received oral administrations of 10, 20, 30, or 40 g of creep feed containing 10 g of Cr(2)O(3)*kg(1) on each of 2 consecutive days (days 20 and 21) or 30 g of creep feed containing 10 g of Cr(2)O(3)*kg(1) on day 20 and 30 g of Cr(2)O(3)-free creep feed on day 21. On days 21 through 24, 6 fecal samples were collected from each pig at regular intervals between 8:00 AM and 6:00 PM. Green-colored feces were considered indicative of creep feed consumption (eaters). Data analyses were based on single and multiple fecal samples. RESULTS: On day 22, evaluation of 1 fecal sample/pig and multiple fecal samples per pig resulted in identification of as many as 40% and only 15% of the feed-treated pigs wrongly as noneaters, respectively. Repeated sampling over multiple days would identify 99% of eaters accurately. Pigs erroneously identified as noneaters were those administered either low amounts of Cr(2)O(3)-supplemented creep feed for 2 days or Cr(2)O(3)-supplemented creep feed on only 1 day. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data suggest that addition of Cr(2)O(3) to creep feed enables selection of individual creep feed-eating suckling pigs via examination of feces, provided that repeated fecal samples are evaluated. 相似文献
12.
冯占雨 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2009,29(3):35-36
英国阿萨福克（Asuffolk）地区的养猪生产企业通过采取正确控制分娩舍哺乳仔猪保暖区的电力使用量以及安装塑料帷帐以留住仔猪保暖箱热量等措施,每年可节约成本近3000欧元。此外,采取以上加热系统的公司指出,通过采用这种方法使仔猪在4周龄断奶时的体重比采用其它加热方法的仔猪重500g左右。从2008年10月起,Bacton养猪公司对其位于英国伯里·圣·埃德蒙兹（Bury St Edmunds）附近的一个300头基础母猪规模的多点式生产场进行了一项试验,以此作为英国养猪委员会（British Pig Executive,BPEX）能源计划的一部分。该猪场有5个分娩舍共60个产床,每个产床均配备箱式保温箱,箱的四周安装帷帐,并以175瓦红外灯加热。该公司称,这些加热区使用Farmex公司的Dicam系统进行监控,仔猪生活区的最初温度为30℃,以后每天根据预设的温度下调曲线进行调整。 相似文献
13.
<正>1教槽料的目的教槽料可加速胃肠道的健康发育,尽早锻炼乳猪的胃肠道功能,从而达到早期断奶,可保证后期育肥阶段胃肠道内营养最大程度的消化吸收,从而使猪场总体效益最大化。 相似文献
14.
In the first of two studies on teat-seeking behavior of newborn pigs, latencies from birth to first mammary contact (LMC) and to first suckle (LS) were recorded by live observation (n = 66). LMC accounted for 66% of LS and variances were similar between these two measures, suggesting that LMC is a good predictor of time to first suckle. In a second experiment, 32 litters of pigs were farrowed in crates equipped with either solid, vertically slatted, horizontally slatted or diamond mesh creep partitions. Piglet behavior following parturition was recorded via time-lapse videotape. LMC was determined for each piglet and movements were plotted for four focal pigs/litter. Partition type did not affect LMC (mean = 34 min). LMC was significantly affected by number of littermates present during teat-seeking (P less than .001), birth order (P less than .001) and frequency of position changes by the sow (r = .26, P less than .01). Neither sex nor birth weight affected LMC on a within-litter basis, but across litters smaller pigs had greater contact latencies (r = -.38, P less than .001). Partition type did not affect distance traveled or time spent in contact with the sow, in contact with the creep partitions,, free standing or the total of these. LMC was positively correlated (P less than .05) with contact time with the sow (r = .34) and time behind the sow's back (r = .38) and negatively correlated with time spent free standing (r = -.35, P less than .05) and in contact with the sow's rear legs (r = -.29; P less than .10). 相似文献
15.
复合酶在教槽料中的应用效果评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过双盲试验,在某大型猪场对市场口碑较好的三种教槽料用复合酶进行评估,研究其对乳仔猪生产性能的影响。采用单因子试验设计,分为4个处理组,分别为基础教槽料对照组及在基础日粮中分别添加不同公司复合酶的三个试验组:酶制剂A组、尤特尔教槽料复合酶组(由多种内源消化酶和外源非淀粉多糖酶复配而成)、酶制剂B组(酶制剂A、B为市售的复合酶)。每个处理组设4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,共128头仔猪。经过21d的饲养试验,结果显示,与基础日粮对照组相比,在日粮中添加尤特尔复合酶制剂能增加日采食量2.99%、提高日增重7.24%,显著降低腹泻率和料重比(P<0.05);尤特尔酶制剂组的仔猪在日增重和平均末重方面显著高于酶制剂B组(P<0.05),优于酶制剂A组。综上所述,尤特尔教槽料复合酶能够提高仔猪采食量和日增重,降低腹泻率和料重比;对生长性能改善的效果优于其他国内外两种酶制剂。 相似文献
16.
试验采用高效液相色谱法测定饲料样品中色氨酸的含量。样品经过处理后,用Agilent C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离样品,以0.008 5 mol/l的乙酸钠+甲醇=95+5为流动相;检测波长280 nm,流动相流速1.0 ml/min。结果表明,色氨酸在4.656~298μg/ml范围内,峰面积与其浓度线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),最低检测限为0.033 5μg/ml,两种饲料中色氨酸含量均在国标允许的误差范围内。方法准确、简便、快速,适用于色氨酸的含量测定。 相似文献
17.
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of offering supplementary creep feed to piglets during the suckling period on the faecal shedding of haemolytic Escherichia coli bacteria and occurrence of spontaneous post-weaning diarrhoea 0-5 days after weaning. Supplementary creep feed was offered to half of the piglets in 12 litters, from 2 weeks of age until weaning at 4 weeks, and the individual feed contact was recorded by direct observations. It was found that diarrhoea occurrence was associated with faecal shedding of haemolytic E. coli bacteria (p=0.003), specifically E. coli O149 (p=0.004). Occurrence of diarrhoea and faecal shedding of haemolytic E. coli was not associated with creep feeding per se. However, the faecal E. coli O149 shedding occurred significantly less often in piglets that were offered creep feed in the suckling period but only showed limited interest in the feed (i.e. contacted the feed less than or equal to the median level of contact) compared to piglets that had frequent creep feed contact or piglets that had not had access to creep feed at all (p=0.015). Correspondingly, the diarrhoea occurrence tended to be lower in these piglets (p=0.081). Piglets with low creep feed contact during the suckling period ate the same total amount of feed during the 5 days after weaning, however, they ate less feed on days 0-2 after weaning compared to the piglets with frequent creep feed contact and non-creep fed piglets. It is suggested that intestinal function associated with a voluntary low creep feed contact during the suckling period leads to decreased feed intake just after weaning, and thus reduces the intestinal proliferation of E. coli O149 in these piglets. 相似文献
18.
Effect of creep feeding on structural and functional changes of the gut of early weaned pigs 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Dose-dependent hypersensitivity responses mounted against antigenic constituents of creep feeds have been previously implicated in intestinal damage, digestive disorders and impaired performance of early weaned pigs. In the present study biochemical and histological investigations of the small intestine were undertaken to determine the putative relationship between creep feed level and hypersensitivity response in pigs weaned at 14 days. Creep feed was administered by gastric intubation and weaned pigs received the same diet by gastric intubation for five days. Mucosal structure and function at weaning were not affected by creep feeding regimen. Villus height decreased and crypt depth increased in weaned compared to suckled pigs, but morphology was unaffected by prior exposure to creep. Xylose absorption was not influenced by either creep feed level or weaning. Intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers increased during weaning but were not affected by the creep feeding regimen. Mucosal carbohydrase activity in weaned pigs was not significantly affected by preweaning treatment. The results do not support the hypothesis that post weaning changes in structure and function of the gut are related to creep feed level or to immune responses to dietary antigens. 相似文献