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1.
大菱鲆腐败菌生长动力学研究和货架期预测   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
采集0、3、7、10℃贮藏大菱鲆中希瓦氏菌生长数据,建立了大菱鲆0~10℃贮藏中特定腐败菌生长动力学模型和剩余货架期预测模型。感官、化学和微生物生长动态分析表明,希瓦氏菌为大菱鲆0~10℃贮藏中的特定腐败菌。Gompertz方程能较好地描述希瓦氏菌的生长。采用Belehradek方程描述的温度对希瓦氏菌最大比生长速率和延滞时间的影响均呈较好线性关系。以5℃贮藏大菱鲆中希瓦氏菌生长数据,对所建立的生长动力学模型和剩余货架期预测模型的准确性进行验证,得到最大比生长速率、延滞时间、货架期的预测值相比实测值的相对误差分别为-14.36%、5.61%和6.74%,表明建立的模型可以快速准确的预测大菱鲆0~10℃贮藏过程中的鲜度变化和剩余货架期。  相似文献   

2.
冷藏养殖大黄鱼指数腐败货架期模型的构建与评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过感官、化学、微生物学分析对0~10℃冷藏养殖大黄鱼鲜度和货架期进行研究,构建和验证了指数腐败货架期模型。结果表明,0~10℃冷藏养殖大黄鱼货架期终点时菌落总数、假单胞菌数、嗜冷菌数和产H2S细菌数分别为6.64~7.60、6.24~6.96、6.16~6.90、6.14~6.62 lg cfu/g,挥发性盐基氮和三甲胺分别为27.15~30.12 mg/100g和8.44~10.83 mg/100g。0、5、8和10℃冷藏大黄鱼的货架期分别为17.8±2.5、9.3±1.1、7.0和5.4±1.3 d,并用于构建指数腐败货架期模型。用0、3、7℃冷藏养殖大黄鱼货架期验证指数腐败货架期模型,相对误差为?6.1%~4.6%,显示该模型可以快速有效预测0~10℃冷藏养殖大黄鱼的剩余货架期。  相似文献   

3.
罗非鱼特定腐败菌生长动力学模型和货架期预测   总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22  
许钟 《水产学报》2005,29(4):540-546
以有氧冷藏养殖罗非鱼为研究对象,建立和验证了用于预测冷藏罗非鱼微生物学质量和剩余货架期的特定腐败菌生长动力学模型。感官、总挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)评价和微生物生长动态分析表明,罗非鱼在0~15℃贮藏中的特定腐败菌为假单胞菌,在0、5、10、15℃,感官货架期终点的假单胞菌数平均值为7.70±0.11log10cfu·g-1。假单胞菌在0、5、10、15℃的生长实验值用于建立生长动力学模型表明,Gompertz方程能很好地描述假单胞菌在0~15℃温度区域的生长动态。Nmax(最大菌数)受贮藏温度的影响不大,在4种温度下平均值在8.85±0.18log10cfu·g-1。温度对μmax(最大比生长速率)和Lag(延滞时间)的影响,采用Belehradek方程描述呈现良好线性关系。用贮藏在3、8℃假单胞菌的生长实验值,验证建立的模型,偏差度为0.97~1.01,准确度为1.02~1.04,货架期预测值和实测值的相对误差分别为3.47%和-7.91%,显示建立的模型可以快速可靠地实时预测0~15℃贮藏罗非鱼的微生物学质量和剩余货架期。  相似文献   

4.
为探究大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)在不同贮藏温度下品质特性与货架期的关系,将大菱鲆贮藏在-3℃、0℃、4℃、10℃和15℃温度下,测定其感官品质、挥发性盐基总氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)、电导率的变化,并且观测肌肉的微观结构;采用低场核磁共振技术(Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, LF-NMR)分析鱼肉中水分迁移状况,并且建立了TVB-N及菌落总数与贮藏时间和温度的动力学模型。研究发现,随着贮藏时间的延长,5种不同贮藏温度下鱼肉中不易流动水均减少,货架期终点各贮藏温度下的样品相对于新鲜鱼肉,其肌纤维结构均由紧密变得疏松;TVB-N和菌落总数变化预测模型中的活化能和指前因子分别为79.50、75.07 kJ/mol和1.3×10^14、7.62×10^12。选用10℃进行验证性试验,结果显示实测值与预测值相对误差在10%以内。因此,可根据TVB-N值及菌落总数对大菱鲆贮藏在-3℃~15℃的货架期进行实时预测。  相似文献   

5.
养殖大黄鱼冷藏过程中细菌菌相的变化   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用感官、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、菌落总数对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)在0℃、5℃冷藏过程中的品质变化特征进行分析,并对细菌菌相进行定性和定量研究。结果表明,冷藏初期、高品质期和货架期终点菌落总数N(CFU/g)的对数值(lgN)分别为5.40±0.17、6.98±0.17、7.38±0.09,TVBN分别为(7.00±1.82)mg.100-1.g-1、(13.00±1.42)mg.100-1.g-1、(29.92±1.75)mg.100-1.g-1。冷藏初期分离获得211株菌株,84.8%是革兰氏阴性菌,出现少量革兰氏阳性菌(6.2%),优势菌群是肠杆菌科细菌(6.6%)、气单胞菌属(14.2%)、不动杆菌属(13.3%)、摩氏杆菌属(11.8%),并出现了一定比例的假单胞菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和其他细菌。冷藏过程中细菌菌相逐渐变得单一,腐败希瓦氏菌上升趋势明显。高品质期时,0℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌群为腐败希瓦氏菌(45.8%)和缺陷短波胞单胞菌(13.6%);5℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌群为腐败希瓦氏菌(37.9%)和假单胞菌属(15.6%)。货架期终点时,0℃、5℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌为腐败希瓦氏菌,比例分别为75.5%和59.6%。  相似文献   

6.
研究不同温度贮藏条件下罗非鱼片挥发性盐基氮(TVB—N)和菌落总数随时问的变化规律及其动力学特性,建立了TVB-N和菌落总数与贮藏温度和贮藏时间的动力学模型,以预测和控制罗非鱼片在贮藏过程中的品质和货架期。贮藏过程中罗非鱼片的TVB-N和菌落总数增加,随着贮藏温度的升高,鱼片品质劣化速度加快。TVB-N和菌落总数均符合一级化学反应动力学模型,并且与Arrhenius方程有很高的拟合度。罗非鱼片的贮藏期可通过模型进行预测。  相似文献   

7.
冷藏大黄鱼货架期预测模型的建立和评价   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
建立和验证了用于预测冷藏养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)鲜度和剩余货架期的特定腐败菌生长动力学模型。感官、VBN评价和微生物生长动态分析表明,大黄鱼在0℃、5℃、10℃时有氧贮藏的特定腐败菌假单胞菌(Pseudomonasspp.)在感官货架期终点菌数NS(CFU.g-1)的对数(lgNS)平均值为6.48±0.14。将获得的假单胞菌在0℃、5℃、10℃的生长实验值用于建立生长动力学模型,结果显示,最大菌数Nmax(CFU.g-1)受贮藏温度的影响不大,在3种温度下lgNmax为7.18±0.031。温度对最大比生长速率(μmax)和延滞时间(Lag)的影响,采用Belehradek方程描述,呈现良好线性关系,R2分别为0.991和0.996。获得0~10℃有氧贮藏大黄鱼的剩余货架期(SL)预测模型为:SL=1/(0.093 8T+0.086)2-(7.18-lgN0)/[2.718×(0.009 6T+0.082 8)2]×ln-ln(6.48-lgN0)/(7.18-lgN0)-1(T为贮藏温度,N0为初始假单胞菌数)。用大黄鱼贮藏在3℃和8℃的货架期实测值验证建立的模型,预测值和实测值的相对误差分别为-8.89%和-6.59%,显示建立的模型可以快速可靠地实时预测0~10℃有氧贮藏大黄鱼的鲜度和剩余货架期。  相似文献   

8.
抑菌剂浸泡液对冷藏高白鲑鱼肉腐败菌的抑制效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探究不同浸泡条件下抑菌剂浸泡液对冷藏高白鲑鱼肉腐败菌的抑菌效果,对冷藏高白鲑鱼肉的腐败菌进行分离鉴定,并采用山梨酸钾或ε-聚赖氨酸盐浸泡液在常压和真空条件下浸泡处理新鲜高白鲑鱼肉,利用非线性模型拟合分析冷藏8d内鱼肉中细菌总数及主要腐败菌的动态变化。空白对照、山梨酸钾和ε-聚赖氨酸盐细菌总数的最高细菌密度对数分别为8.72log(cfu/g)、8.38log(cfu/g)和8.62log(cfu/g);产硫菌细菌总数的最高细菌密度对数分别为6.57log(cfu/g)、0log(cfu/g)和6.56log(cfu/g)。试验结果表明,冷藏高白鲑鱼肉中分离获得的腐败菌主要为肠杆菌和产硫菌,分别占70%和17%,修正Gompertz模型比BaranyiRobertz模型能更好的拟合鱼肉基质中腐败菌的变化趋势,模型各项拟合参数表明,山梨酸钾和ε-聚赖氨酸盐浸泡液能有效延长冷藏高白鲑鱼肉中细菌总数及肠杆菌、产硫菌和假单胞菌的延滞期,并降低细菌总数和产硫菌的最高细菌密度。但真空浸泡并未有效提高抑菌剂的抑菌能力,反而加速了鱼肉中假单胞菌的生长速率。因此,抑菌剂浸泡液能有效减缓鱼肉基质中细菌的繁殖,且常压浸泡抑菌剂比真空浸泡方式更适于冷藏高白鲑鱼肉。  相似文献   

9.
低温流通牡蛎肉贮藏期品质变化及货架期预测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为探讨低温牡蛎肉的货架期寿命,以及10℃条件下,低温流通牡蛎肉品质随贮藏时间的变化及其货架期寿命,对贮藏期内,低温牡蛎肉的感官品质、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮( TVBN)和pH的变化进行了研究,并建立了以菌落总数为指标的货架期模型。结果表明,在10℃贮藏条件下,随着贮藏时间的延长,低温牡蛎肉的品质逐渐劣变,感官品质和菌落总数均在第7天达到不可食用状态,而TVBN和pH的变化则因酸化而相对滞后。以菌落总数为指标所建立的货架期模型,其误差在10%以内,能够对0~10℃范围内低温牡蛎肉的货架寿命进行预测。  相似文献   

10.
方亚  黄勇富  王高富 《畜禽业》2011,(12):32-34
对酉州乌羊体重随月龄增长应用Logistic、Gompertz、Richards模型进行生长曲线拟合分析,建立公、母羊的拟合曲线方程及求出拐点体重、拐点月龄。结果表明:三种模型均能很好地拟合公、母羊生长规律,Logistic、Gompertz、Richards模型拟合公羊的拟合度(R2)分别为0.987、0.995、0.987,母羊拟合度(R2)0.968、0.9810.968,三种模型相互比较,Gompertz模型拟合效果最好。  相似文献   

11.
Ecopath—一种生态系统能量平衡评估模式   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
仝龄 《海洋水产研究》1999,20(2):102-107
Eopath模式是一种研究生态系统的工具。它根据能量平衡原理,用线性齐次方程组描述生 态系统的生物组成和能量流动过程,定量某些生态学参数,用于深入研究生态系统的特征和变化。本文介绍了Eopath模式的理论方法以及如何建立生态系统Ecopath模型和调试模型和调试模型,试图扩大其应用。最后简要地给出两个Ecopath模型应用实例,一个是美国阿拉斯加威廉姆王子湾生态系统Eco-path模型,它用50个生物组成较为全面地描述该生态  相似文献   

12.
张网渔具选择性模型的探讨   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
作为一种被动性的过滤型渔具,对张网渔具本身的选择性特点和选择性模型研究很少。通过介绍几种过滤型渔具选择性模型:Logistic:LogLog、CLogLog、Richard和Probit模型,并运用套网法作为试验方法,极大似然估计法作为模型参数确定方法进行张网渔具的选择性试验,分别对各模型进行了分析,结果显示各模型之间没有显著性差异。由于Logistic模型AIC值较小,且是传统上运用最为广泛的选择性模型,因此作者认为可以作为张网渔具选择性模型。同时探讨了套网法、套网网目大小、网次间差异以及不同的模型参数确定方法对选择性确定的影响。  相似文献   

13.
The net is regarded as the most critical component in marine aquaculture facilities as it is the only barrier which protects the environment from fish escapes. Accurate predictions of the net cage deformation and drag force on the nets are needed, both for ensuring fish welfare and for dimensioning of the mooring system. Thus, an appropriate hydrodynamic model is essential. In practice, two types of hydrodynamic force models, i.e., the Morison type and the Screen type, are commonly used to calculate the hydrodynamic forces on nets. Application of the models depends on the underlying structural model and the availability of data. A systematic review of hydrodynamic models is therefore undertaken to compare the models and various parameterisations, in aid of model selection during the design. In this study, eleven commonly used hydrodynamic models, i.e., five Morison models and six Screen models, are reviewed comprehensively, and implemented into a general finite element (FE) solver for dynamic simulations. Sensitivity studies on different current velocities, inflow angles and solidities of the nets are carried out. Moreover, different wake effects are also considered in numerical simulations. The numerical results from different models are compared against existing experimental data under pure current conditions. Suggestions for selection of suitable hydrodynamic models are provided, based on the model comparison.  相似文献   

14.
In fitting production models and age-structured models to an index of the relative abundance of a fish population, errors are usually assumed to follow a log-normal or normal distribution, without any diagnostic analyses. A generalized linear model can readily deal with many types of error structures. In this paper, a generalized linear model is coupled with a production model and a sequential population model to assess the stock of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) 2J3KL. This study suggests that the parameter estimates in these models can be greatly influenced by the assumption about the error structures in the estimation and that log-normal and gamma distributions are appropriate for the production model in assessing the Atlantic cod 2J3KL stock, whereas gamma distribution is appropriate for the sequential population model. We recommend that generalized linear models should be used to identify the appropriate error structure in modeling fish population dynamics.  相似文献   

15.
Tilapia production in Honduras has increased in recent years. However, lack of thorough understanding of domestic markets and coordinated production efforts have hampered the development of a domestic market. This study quantified marketing costs for tilapia marketed in Honduras and developed a mixed-integer transshipment mathematical programming model to identify the most profitable marketing alternatives for small- and medium-scale farmers. Of the total marketing costs ($0.07–$0.41/kg), 40–73% were for transportation and 13–30% for packaging costs. This depended upon farm size, location, and the specific market targeted. Model results suggested restaurants as primary targets with supplemental production delivered to supermarkets in relative proximity to the selected restaurants. The model selected cities with sufficient restaurant demand to absorb the farm's total production. Farms with high production levels can take advantage of the reduced transport cost of larger trucks and sell excess product to alternative outlets whereas small-scale farm volumes were too low to supply markets on a weekly basis. Farms located in the East and South regions had a marketing advantage over farms in other regions due to proximity to the most profitable Distrito Central outlets. To successfully compete for Honduran markets other than the low-priced local open-air markets will require farm sizes greater than 6 ha to supply a minimum weekly production of 900 kg.  相似文献   

16.
Most of the traditional assessment models are age-structured. However, many biological and exploitation processes are more length-dependent than age-dependent, and the required length–age conversion of available data is often not reliable. Consequently, length-structured or age–length structured models have undergone considerable development in recent years. The growth transition matrix used to model the mean growth and growth variability of the population, is of primary importance in a length-structured matrix model. Building this growth transition matrix is not trivial and it is necessary to assess the impact that various assumptions may have to identify robust model structures. In this study, we assess the effects of (1) time and length discretisation, (2) the distribution of individuals within length classes and (3) the statistical distribution used to describe growth variability, by fitting a growth matrix model to individual quasi-continuous simulated growth data. The study quantitatively demonstrates that the choice of the time step and of length class width is the key point when building a length-structured population growth model. The use of a gamma distribution for the growth increments and/or a uniform distribution of individuals within length classes were found to make the model more robust.  相似文献   

17.
文章介绍了F分数模型在上市公司财务风险预警中的应用以及与Z分数模型的区别。在此基础上以一家颇具代表性的上市公司为例,进行案例分析。研究结果表明,该模型在评价上市公司财务风险方面具有更强的指导意义,同时指出其仍然存在的缺陷以及对未来趋势的展望。  相似文献   

18.
This paper provides an overview of the modelling process using generalized linear models (GLMs), generalized additive models (GAMs) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), especially as they are applied within fisheries research. We describe the essential aspect of model interpretation and construction so as to achieve its correct application. We start with the simplest models and show the progression from GLMs to either GAMs or GLMMs. Although this is not a comprehensive review, we emphasise topics relevant to fisheries science such as transformation options, link functions, adding model flexibility through splines, and using random and fixed effects. We finish by discussing the various aspects of these models and their variants, and provide a view on their relative benefits to fisheries research.  相似文献   

19.
杨正勇  徐辉  彭乐威 《水产学报》2023,47(4):049615-049615
为规范养殖生产者药物使用行为,促进中国水产养殖业的绿色发展,本文基于中国沿海11个省市的海水鱼养殖生产者调研数据,运用logit模型、线性回归模型及中介效应模型实证分析产业组织模式对海水鱼养殖生产者药物使用行为的影响及其作用机理。结果表明,(1)紧密型产业组织对生产者安全用药行为具有显著正向影响;(2)加入紧密型产业组织的生产者用药量显著降低;(3)不同类型的紧密型产业组织对生产者的药物使用行为影响不同,“合作社(协会)+生产者”模式显著优于“企业主导的生产基地+生产者”模式;(4)养殖培训在紧密型产业组织模式对生产者药物使用行为的影响中存在中介效应,能够通过培训知识技能、提供解决问题措施等途径进一步减少生产者药物使用。基于此,文章提出重视紧密型产业组织尤其是合作社(协会)的作用、开展生产者绿色养殖培训、发展养殖保险等建议,以期加快推进中国水产养殖业绿色发展。  相似文献   

20.
通过构建16S rDNA克隆文库对象山港南沙岛不同养殖模式(贝类养殖、藻类养殖及网箱养殖)表层沉积物微生物多样性和群落结构特征进行了比较和分析,共获取136个OUT。其中,贝类养殖区、藻类养殖区和网箱养殖区OTU分别为58、48和57个。各站位OTU分布差异明显,表现出高度的多样性。基于16S rDNA序列的生物多样性和丰富度分析表明,网箱养殖区丰富度指数ACE为739,香浓指数H?为3.8,均为最高值,丰富度指数Chao为245,略低于于贝类养殖区。贝类养殖区丰富度指数Chao为303,在各养殖区中最高。藻类养殖区丰富度指数ACE为174、Chao为89,香浓指数H?为3.6,均为最低值。系统发育分析表明,南沙岛各养殖区的优势种群均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),但是藻类养殖区微生物群落结构与其他养殖区域相比,16S rDNA克隆文库差异显著,其中根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)及其他光合细菌在藻类养殖区分布较多。网箱养殖区沉积物表层微生物群落中出现了与环境污染密切相关的菌群,如志贺氏菌属(Shigella)、埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)和ε-变形菌纲的微生物种群,揭示网箱养殖对底质沉积物环境的影响较大。  相似文献   

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