首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 890 毫秒
1.
  相似文献   

2.
以6个鸡(Gallus gallus)品种混交群体390个个体为研究材料,采用PCR-SSCP、PCR-RF-SSCP及测序的方法进行鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体(occyte vitellogenesis receptor,ovr)基因内含子单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点筛选,并与鸡群蛋用性状进行关联分析.结果表明,在鸡ovr基因中发现内含子2T3967G,内含子7C8099T和A8296G,内含子9A8839T和G9084A共5个突变位点;其中内含子2HinfⅠ突变位点与开产日龄和蛋壳厚度相关极显著(P＜0.01),与产蛋量、蛋重和蛋黄比例相关显著(P＜0.05);3种基因型中订个体在开产日龄、平均产蛋量、蛋重、蛋黄比例等方面都优于其它基因型个体.研究结果证实了ovr基因对鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质性状有重要的影响.  相似文献   

3.
为探讨生长分化因子-9基因(GDF9)的多态性与邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的关系,本研究以中国农业科学院家禽研究所选育的216只邵伯鸡(Gallus domesticus)母系为材料,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测GDF9基因的SNPs,并分析基因多态性对邵伯鸡母系开产体重、开产日龄、开产蛋重、300日龄总产蛋数以及300日龄平均蛋重之间的关系。结果显示,在外显子2发现3个突变位点,G2051A位点检测到3种基因型GG、GA和AA,相关分析显示,GG基因型个体的开产体重和开产蛋重显著低于AA型个体(P0.05),而300日龄产蛋数显著高于AA型个体(P0.05);T2273C位点检测到2种基因型TT和TC,TT基因型个体与CT基因型个体的各性状差异均不显著(P0.05),C2336T位点检测到3种基因型CC、CT和TT,CT基因型个体的开产日龄显著早于CC与TT型个体(P0.05),其300日龄产蛋数显著高于CC型与TT型个体(P0.05)。3个位点的联合基因型GGCTCT对开产体重、开产日龄、开产蛋重、300日龄平均蛋重、300日龄产蛋数均有显著影响。研究结果提示,邵伯鸡母系GDF9基因的多态性与产蛋性状呈显著相关,可尝试用联合基因型GGCTCT为筛选邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的分子标记辅助选择。  相似文献   

4.
通过PCR-RFLP方法检测抗粘液病毒基因(Mx)S631N多态位点的等位基因A和G在白耳鸡群体中的分布;通过选配组建三种不同基因型群体(AA,AG,GG),免疫后分别于35日龄、42日龄、49日龄、70日龄和100日龄采用血凝和血凝抑制方法测定不同基因型个体的禽流感(AI)和新城疫(ND)抗体滴度,并测定不同基因型个体的90日龄体重、开产日龄和72周龄产蛋数;分析该多态位点与免疫性状和生长性状的关联.结果表明,在白耳鸡群体中Mx基因S631N多态位点的等位基因频率处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05),3种不同基因型频率分别为0.233(AA),0.517(AG)和0.250(GG);在测定的日龄内不同基因型个体的AI抗体滴度和ND抗体滴度水平呈现出类似的增长和消减变化,在多个测定日龄内从基因型个体的AI抗体滴度和ND抗体滴度水平显著高于AG和GG基因型个体(P<0.05);关联分析结果表明,该多态位点与49日龄时的ND抗体滴度峰值和70日龄时的AI抗体滴度峰值间均存在显著关联(P<0.05),但不同基因型个体间的90日龄平均体重、开产日龄和72周龄产蛋数差异均不显著(P>0.05).研究结果证实Mx基因S631N多态位点可以作为提高抗病力的重要候选标记位点.  相似文献   

5.
根据GenBank中发表的鸡胰岛素样生长因子1基因(IGF-1)的序列针对外显子2和外显子3分别设计1对引物,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测边鸡(Gallus gallus)及2个对照群体(京海黄鸡(Gallus gallus)和尤溪麻鸡(Gallus gallus))的单核苷酸多态性,并与边鸡的繁殖性能进行相关性分析.结果表明,3个品种在IGF-1外显子2中未检测到多态,而在外显子3中都检测到3种基因型(AA,AB和BB).在边鸡和京海黄鸡中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而在尤溪麻鸡中B等位基因为优势等位基因.克隆测序表明,AA型与BB型相比有两处突变(93A→G和148G→A),其中148 bp处的突变导致氨基酸由谷氨酸变为赖氨酸,通过与Gen-Bank中的鸡IGF-1基因序列比对,发现两处突变分别位于IGF-1基因外显子3的62 bp和117 bp.最小二乘分析表明,AA与BB基因型个体300日龄的产蛋数存在显著差异(P<0.05).  相似文献   

6.
为了对边鸡生长性状的标记辅助选择提供基础资料,本研究采用PCR-SSCP技术检测边鸡(Gallusgallus)及3个对照鸡(G.gallus)群体(京海黄鸡、尤溪麻鸡和Arbor Acre鸡)肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因外显子1的单核苷酸多态性,并与边鸡的生长性状进行相关性分析。结果表明,在边鸡、京海黄鸡和尤溪麻鸡中都检测到6种基因型(AA、AB、BB、BC、AC和CC),而在Arbor Acre鸡中只检测到4种基因型(AB、BC、AC和CC)。总共检测到3个多态位点(G2100A、G2109A和C2244G)。在6～8和12周龄时,BB基因型个体的体重显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05)。在14周龄时,BB基因型个体的体重显著高于AA和AC基因型个体(P<0.05)。在16～18周龄时,BB基因型个体的体重显著高于其余5种基因型个体(P<0.05)。研究结果提示,MSTN基因可能是影响边鸡生长性状的一个主效基因或是与之存在紧密遗传连锁的一个标记。  相似文献   

7.
为研究鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体（Occyte vitellogenesis Receptor , OVR）对鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响,本试验以六个鸡种（洪山鸡、江汉鸡、双莲鸡、郧阳大鸡、郧阳白羽乌鸡、海兰褐）的一代混交群体390个个体为研究材料,采用PCR-SSCP、PCR-RF-SSCP及测序的方法进行鸡ovr基因内含子单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）位点筛选,并与鸡群蛋用性状进行关联分析。结果表明,在鸡ovr基因中发现内含子2 T3967G,内含子7 C8099T、A8296G,内含子9 A8839T、G9084A共5个突变位点;其中内含子2 HinfⅠ突变位点与开产日龄、蛋壳厚度相关极显著（p<0.01）,与产蛋量、蛋重、蛋黄比例相关显著（p<0.05）;三种基因型中TT个体在开产日龄、平均产蛋量、蛋重、蛋黄比例等方面都优于其它基因型个体。本研究结果证实了其他学者研究的结论,即ovr基因对鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质性状有重要的影响。  相似文献   

8.
羧肽酶A (EC 3.4.16)是一类水解蛋白和多肽底物C端芳香族氨基酸或脂肪族氨基酸残基的消化酶.在草鱼生长相关的功能基因上研究单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与生长的相关性可为草鱼的分子辅助育种提供依据.本研究根据草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)EST-SNP库的羧肽酶A1基因(CPA1)重叠群的2个Contig扩增该基因的序列片段,采用直接测序法,经过序列比对,共筛到2个颠换SNP位点:C+412A和A36C,分别位于CPA 1基因外显子5的34bp和内含子3的36 bp处,前者为错义突变.然后用一个群体的296尾草鱼对这2个位点用SnaPshot的方法进行检测和分型,统计基因型频率:A36C位点的AA基因型占26.7％,AC基因型占52.0％,CC基因型占21.3％.C+412A位点的AA基因型占15.5％,AC基因型占40.5％,CC基因型占43.9％.利用一般线性模型分析2个SNP位点与草鱼体质量、体长等重要生长性状的关系.关联分析结果显示,C+36A位点不同基因型在体质量、眼间距均值上存在显著差异(P＜0.05).并且AA基因型和CC基因型在体质量、体长、体宽和眼间距上存在显著差异(P＜0.05).AA基因型各项指标均值显著高于CC基因型.C+412A位点在体质量等生长性状上差异不显著(P＞0.05),该位点和生长不相关,但是CC基因型和AC基因型在体重和肛前距上差异显著(P＜0.05),该位点CC基因型的6个生长性状均值都高于AA基因型.由两个位点组成的5种双倍型在体质量上存在显著差异(P＜0.05).双倍型D3和D5在体质量上存在差异显著(P＜0.05).双倍型D3和D8在体质量、体宽、体长、体长/头长等生长性状上都存在显著差异(P＜0.05).D3的各项指标均值最高,D8的各项指标均值最低.本研究结果显示,可以考虑将草鱼CPA1基因作为候选基因,用于草鱼的分子辅助育种.  相似文献   

9.
猪OPN基因与繁殖性状的关联分析   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  
摘要：OPN（osteopontin）基因是近年来在猪的繁殖性状上发现的一个候选基因,本试验以长白猪,大白猪和北京黑猪为研究对象,研究OPN基因多态性与猪的繁殖性状之间的关联。经特异性产物的扩增,结合测序发现,OPN基因的第6内含子存在305bp的缺失突变,从而产生多态。在长白猪和大白猪中发现了AA、AB和BB 共3种基因型,在2个群体中处于中度多态,且已达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。而在北京黑猪群体中没有多态,只有BB基因型。利用SAS 8.0 软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将不同基因型与总产仔数(TNB)、产活仔数(NBA)和初生重(WB)进行了关联分析,结果表明：长白猪初产母猪AA型个体的TNB、NBA显著的高于AB和BB型个体(P＜0.05),经产母猪AB型个体的TNB和NBA显著的高于AA型与BB型个体(P＜0.05),A等位基因对TNB、NBA和WB均表现为正效应。在大白猪中,不论是初产母猪还是经产母猪,其BB和AB型个体的TNB、NBA高于AA型个体,但其差异不显著(P＞0.05),B等位基因对TNB、NBA都表现为正效应。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究生长激素基因(GH)对清远麻鸡部分生长及繁殖性状的遗传效应,基于聚合酶链反应-连接酶检测反应(PCR-LDR)基因多态性并行检测系统,对清远麻鸡(Gallus gallus)生长激素(CH)基因内含子1的G662A位点和内含子4的T3094C,C3199T位点进行检测,并分析其对部分生长及繁殖性状的遗传效应.检测结果显示,清远麻鸡在3个位点上均产生了3种基因型,LDR分型结果同直接测序结果一致.G662A位点对生长及繁殖性状均不存在显着的效应;T3094C位点上,TT型个体的开产日龄显着晚于CC和CT型个体,其18周龄体重又显著高于CC和CT型个体;C3199T位点上,不同基因型个体仅在50周平均蛋重上存在显着差异,TT型个体的50周平均蛋重显着高于CC和CT型个体.3个位点的合并基因型对开产蛋重、50周平均蛋重以及生长性状均有显着的影响,且对生长性能的遗传效应更加明显,合并基因型AACTCC可以作为筛选清远麻鸡高的体重的分子标记.  相似文献   

11.
Aluminum (Al) toxicity represents one of the main yield-limiting factors for crops in acid soils. Silicon (Si) is known to increase tolerance in higher plants. This study was conducted to determine whether treatment with Si could improve nutrient uptake by peanut under Al stress. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv Zhonghua 4) was raised with or without Si (1.5 mM) in the growth chamber under 0 and toxic Al (0.3 mM) levels. Aluminum stress significantly decreased the root- and total-dry weight by 52.4% and 32.0%, respectively. The content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) was significantly decreased, but that of Al increased markedly in shoots and roots after Al exposure at seedling, flower-needle, and pod-setting stage. Silicon alleviates Al toxicity in peanut plants in relation to Al distribution and allocation of tissue P, K, Ca, and Mg by favoring the partitioning of dry mass to roots.  相似文献   

12.
很少有关于直接测定强度耕作侵蚀引起土壤退化过程的报道。我们的目的是确定应用137Cs和210Pbex直接定量评价耕作侵蚀对土壤有机质(SOM)坡面运移影响的可能性。我们在黄土高原陡坡耕地上进行了50次犁耕活动,并将与其相临的另一块陡坡耕地作为对照。在对照坡地不同坡位,137Cs浓度均匀分布于上部0～30cm土层,而210Pbex浓度在坡上部和坡中部随土层深度增加呈现线性递减,在坡下部呈指数函数递减。0～30cm土层中土壤有机质含量显著大于30cm深度以下土层,并在坡中部和坡下部呈现与210Pbex类似的土壤剖面分布特征。与对照坡地比较,50次犁耕活动导致坡上部、坡中部0～45cm土层的SOM含量分别降低了38%和47%,坡下部0～100cm土层中的SOM含量却提高了18%。坡上部土壤剖面中137Cs浓度的加权平均值从1.48Bq/kg降低到0.29Bq/kg,坡中部从2.53Bq/kg减少到0.33Bq/kg,坡下部从1.48Bq/kg提高到2.81Bq/kg。210Pbex浓度的剖面加权平均值在坡上部从27.71Bq/kg下降到6.15Bq/kg,在坡中部和坡下部分别从35.46Bq/kg和25.53Bq/kg降低到1.57Bq/kg和19.40Bq/kg。137Cs和210Pbex的剖面分布与SOM在p<0.001水平呈显著相关,相关系数R2值在对照坡地为0.81～0.86,在犁耕实验坡地为0.86～0.91。实验结果表明,环境放射性核素137Cs和210Pbex在黄  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

Delayed sowing and imprecise application of irrigation water to cotton has been the major hurdle in sustaining cotton yield in north-western India. Therefore, studies were initiated to ascertain the impact of heavy or normal level of presowing irrigation (PSI), scheduling time of first postsowing irrigation (POSI) under two sowing dates (SDs) on cotton arranged in a split block design replicated thrice. PSIh (100 mm) recorded 23.2% higher seed cotton yield over PSIn (70 mm) owing to better yield attributes and higher stand. First POSI at 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) resulted the highest yield (3072 kg ha?1), while one at 6 WAS (POSI6) recorded least due to poor population and reduced yield attributes. Water productivity under POSI6 was lesser by 29.1%, 25.2%, and 16.2% as compared to POSI3, POSI4, and POSI5, respectively. April sown crop out yielded the May sown cotton crop by 939 kg ha?1 due to better yield attributes. Nitrogen factor productivity (NFP) among SD remained higher by 23.3% for April as compared to May sowing. PSIh exhibited better NFP over PSIn. POSI6 recorded least NFP by 24.4%, 28.5%, and 16.3% as compared to POSI3, POSI4, and POSI5, respectively and was indicative of relatively poor utilization of N under delayed schedules. Therefore, planting in April after heavy PSI and scheduling first POSI at 4 WAS is best strategy for sustaining cotton yield and maximizing farmer profitability.  相似文献   

14.
Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopic (ICP-MS) analysis of leaves from 22 cabbage crops in the Sa P? and B?c Hà districts of Láo Cai Province, North-Western Vi?t Nam, revealed unexpectedly high concentrations of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). The concentrations were strongly linearly related (r2 = 0.94), indicating sample contamination during grinding through a stainless-steel hammer mill. We tested this hypothesis in two ways. First, brown rice ground through the same mill was contaminated not only by Cr and Ni, but also cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo). Second, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive analysis of x-rays (SEM/EDS) of the ground samples revealed small fragments with co-located Fe, Cr and Ni, consistent with stainless steel wear fragments. Other grinders may perform differently and we suggest that quality assurance protocols for trace metal analysis of plants should include testing for grinder wear metals. Lastly, brown rice appears to be convenient for investigating contamination of plant tissues during grinding.  相似文献   

15.
Sodicity and salinity can adversely affect soil structure and are common constraints to plant growth in arid regions. Current remote sensing techniques cannot distinguish between the various classes of salt-affected soils. Field and laboratory measurements of salt-affected soils are time-consuming and expensive. Mapping of the salt-affected soils can be used in soil conservation planning to identify regions with different degrees of limitations. There is a need to use existing field and laboratory measurements to create maps of classes of salt-affected soils. The objectives of this study are to classify salt-affected soils, use existing field data to interpolate and validate geospatial predictions of the classes of salt-affected soils using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and create maps showing the different classes and distribution of salt-affected soils. The classification framework for salt-affected soils is based on electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pH and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and provides four degrees of limitations to salt-affected soils: slight (normal soils), moderate (saline soils), severe (sodic soils), and extreme (saline-sodic soils). Spatial interpolation of the field data from northwestern Libya was verified by cross-validation, and maps of the salt-affected soils in the region were created. The majority of soils in this region of Libya are normal (slight degree of limitation). Twenty percent of the topsoil is saline-sodic (extreme degree of limitation). Land use recommendations and rehabilitation strategies can be developed from such maps of salt-affected soil classes. The methodology followed in this study can be applied to other arid regions around the world, particularly in developing countries where budgetary constraints limit detailed field and laboratory measurements of sodicity and salinity.  相似文献   

16.
模拟降雨条件下污染土壤中重金属元素径流迁移特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
探明污染土壤中重金属元素随地表径流迁移特征,对于防控重金属污染物的迁移扩散具有重要意义。通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究不同降雨强度下(55,100,120mm/h)污染土壤中Cd、Pb和Cr随地表径流迁移的特征。结果表明:径流中3种重金属元素总量在产流的前20min内逐渐降低,随后趋于稳定;产流初期(产流10min内)颗粒态重金属占径流重金属总量的比例均在80%以上;随产流时间延长,颗粒态Cd和Cr对径流重金属的贡献率快速降低,其颗粒态/溶解态的比值范围分别为47.0～0.4和12.9～0.4,而Pb则主要以颗粒态的形式存在,溶解态Pb对其随径流迁移的贡献率可忽略不计;随降雨强度增大,径流中总Cd和Pb含量显著降低,而径流中总Cr含量以及溶解态重金属含量无明显变化规律。  相似文献   

17.
盆栽试验分析了胡敏酸输入土壤6个月后茶树根际和非根际土壤有机质SOM及其组分,包括水溶性物质WSS、富啡酸FA、胡敏酸HA以及土壤微生物生物量SMB的变化,并对不同土壤有机质组分碳含量和茶树不同组织铅含量作了相关性分析。外源胡敏酸设置3个浓度水平（0、300、600 mg kg-1）,铅设置2个浓度水平（0、300 mg kg-1）,试验共有6个处理。茶苗置于温室培养,6个月后分新叶、老叶、新茎、老茎、根收获。结果表明：根际并非总是富含有机质,未加铅处理根际SOM含量低于非根际;而加铅处理根际SOM含量高于非根际。HA加入土壤能够显著增加根际和非根际SOM和SMB的含量,但是加铅处理和不加铅处理增加幅度不同。高浓度HA显著增加了根际FA的含量,可能是HA部分裂解所致。非根际有机质各组分与茶树铅含量无显著相关关系;根际SOM、HA和茶树不同组织铅含量没有显著相关关系。根际WSS、FA与茶树嫩叶、老叶、嫩茎、老茎以及根部铅含量均存在显著或极显著正相关关系;而根际SMB与茶树各个组织铅含量存在显著负相关关系。总之,胡敏酸施入土壤改变了土壤有机质及其各个组分的含量,而根际某些土壤有机质组分的改变又显著影响了茶树不同组织铅的吸收和分布。  相似文献   

18.
华北平原灌溉农田的土壤水量平衡和水分利用效率   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  
华北平原农业面临的主要问题是水资源短缺,地下水位持续下降。通过一维土壤水量平衡模型模拟了华北平原不同灌溉方式下农田耗水量和土壤水分深层渗漏的变化,并分析了作物的产量和水分利用效率。结果显示在正常的灌溉条件下,冬小麦季地下水的采补差额超过了200mm,某生育期一定程度的水分亏缺(返青期、拔节期或灌浆期)能明显减少冬小麦的耗水量,但没有明显减少作物的产量。因此,在一定程度上减少灌溉是可行的,但仍不能达到地下水资源的采补平衡。从长远来看,华北平原维持可持续的地下水灌溉开采,应减少冬小麦的种植面积、增加低耗水经济作物的比例。  相似文献   

19.
Information is scant on the effect of humic acid (HA) on physiological, antioxidant and photosynthesis attributes of gerbera plants undergoing nutrient deficiency in culture solution. Gerbera plants cv. Malibu were grown in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications, using 3 different nutrient solutions [complete nutrient solution (NSc), 25% NSc (NS1), and 50% NSc (NS2)] treated with 2 levels of humic acid [0 (HA0) and 500 mg/l (HA1)].The interaction effect of HA and NS showed that HA improved the flower number in NSc, the transpiration in NS1+HA1, photosynthesis rate in NSc+HA1, stomatal conductance (gs) in NS2, mesophyll conductance of leaves in all NS levels and photosynthetic water use efficiency in NSc+HA1. The interaction effect of nutrient solution and HA on antioxidant activity was inconclusive, malondialdehyde content was the highest in NS2 and the lowest in NS1+HA1. The peroxidase activity increased in complete nutrient solution with and without HA and there were no differences among other treatments. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in NS1 and complete nutrient solution with HA and reached the highest in NSc. Humic acid was more effective in nutrient uptake, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, and iron (N, P, K, Ca, Zn, and Fe) in complete nutrient solution compared to NS1 and NS2. Conclusively, humic acid can compensate the nutrient deficiency stress of the culture solution in regards to protein synthesis, photosynthesis attributes regardless of the nutrient uptake of gerbera.  相似文献   

20.
利用黄河中游三个站点近50a的气象资料,研究了(A)ngstr(o)m-Prescott系数不同取值对参考作物蒸散量的影响.结果显示,当ngstrm-Prescott系数as和bs分别相差56%和93%时,引起的ET0差异月值在0.6%～26.2%,年值在173.1～197.4mm(18.2%～21.9%).ngstrm-Prescott系数不同取值对ET0的影响程度随地点而变化,即随海拔和日照时数的增加,对ET0的影响程度相应增大.因此在高海拔和高辐射地区,应对ngstrm-Prescott系数进行校正.尽管FAO56 PM推荐的(A)ngstr(o)m-Prescott系数在世界各地广泛应用,但依据本文结果尚不能确定其在中国能否直接使用.随着辐射数据的不断积累,有必要对这些系数进一步研究、验证和校正.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号