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1.
Forty five Pisum sativum cultivars were analysed by isozyme electrophoresis with the objective to find protein markers for exact and reproducible
discrimination of individual genotypes. The combination of six enzyme systems (acid phosphatase, amylase, esterase, leucine
aminopeptidase, shikimate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase) with two electrophoretic techniques (NATIVE-PAGE, isoelectric
focusing) and use of seed and leaf tissue enabled to identify all 45 studied cultivars. Critical factors which may affect
utilization of isozyme electrophoresis for commercial applications in pea breeding and seed production and testing are discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Summary Seven varieties and 57 spontaneous or induced in vitro mutant lines (20 macromutant and 37 micromutant events) of potato were tested by starch gel electrophoresis for ADH, GOT, PGI, PGM, ACO, IDH, MDH and 6PGDH isozymes in tuber extracts. The data showed that in contrast to variety comparisons, the isozyme patterns rarely differentiate mutant lines which have altered morphological traits. But trying to identify isozyme differences in mutants can still be useful for a chimeric structure for GOT-2 alleles in a mutant from Atlantic and a new tuber specific locus for 6PGDH in mutants from Russet Burbank were found.Abbreviations ACO
aconitase
- ADH
alcohol dehydrogenase
- GOT
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
- IDH
isocitric acid dehydrogenase
- MDH
malate dehydrogenase
- 6PGDH
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- PGI
phosphoglucoisomerase
- PGM
phosphoglucomutase
- SGE
starch gel electrophoresis
- EMS
ethyl metanesulfonate 相似文献
3.
Summary The potential of isozymes for distinguishing asparagus varieties was carried out by a survey on 21 varieties using 10 enzyme systems: GOT, SkDH, DIA, PGM, MDH, IDH, PGD, ACP, PGI, MR and ADH. Only 3 enzymes, SkDH, GOT and PGM, showed useful polymorphisms. The varieties were found heterogeneous according to their genetic structure: open pollinated varieties were more heterogeneous than clonal hybrids; the F1 hybrid and the vitroclones were homogeneous. As expected from the narrow genetic basis of the varieties, only a few alleles per isozyme locus were present. Moreover, for each enzyme, one allele or type was predominant so that the discriminating power of the method was low. However some of the varieties could be identified and different applications of the results are presented.Abbreviations D.U.S.-
Distinction-Uniformity-Stability
- ACO-
aconitase
- ACP-
acid phosphatase
- ADH-
alcohol dehydrogenase
- CAT-
catalase
- DIA-
diaphorase
- END-
endopeptidase
- GOT-
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
- IDH-
isocitrate dehydrogenase
- MDH-
malate dehydrogenase
- MR-
menadione reductase
- PGI-
phosphoglucoisomerase
- PGM-
phosphoglucomutase
- PGD-
phosphoglucose dehydrogenase
- POX-
peroxidase
- SkDH-
shikimate dehydrogenase 相似文献
4.
Summary The genetics of 8 electrophoretically detectable enzymes in lentil was examined. The enzyme systems glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, malic enzyme, phosphoglucomutase, alcohol dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, shikimic dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were assayed. The allozymes at each of the studied loci behaved in a codominant manner and segregated in the expected Mendelian fashion. Linkage tests between these loci and an additional morphological trait revealed two linkage groups that involved 5 loci, the rest were independent of each other. 相似文献
5.
Summary Four leaf enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), peroxidase (PX) and aspartate aminotransferase
(AAT) of 17 walnut cultivars and two pollen enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD)
of 15 walnut cultivars were analysed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Walnut cultivars of different origin exhibited
different numbers of electrophoretic bands and also different relative mobility. Different activity levels and phenotypic
groups were detected in studied enzyme systems. Pollen enzymes revealed higher variability than enzymes extracted from the
leaves. 15 walnut cultivars were classified into 10 malate dehydrogenase phenotypic groups and 14 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
phenotypic groups based on pollen analyses. 17 cultivars were classified into 9 peroxidase phenotypic groups and 7 6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase phenotypic groups based on analyses of leaves. All of the 15 walnut cultivars could be identified and distinguished
with electrophoretic analyses of MDH and 6PGD from the pollen while only 10 cultivars were distinguishable with analyses of
6PGD and PRX from the leaves. No variability useful for cultivar identification was observed in MDH and AAT from the leaves. 相似文献
6.
A. M. Chevre R. Delourme F. Eber E. Margale C. F. Quiros P. Arus 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(6):473-480
General criteria for the assignment of names to enzyme systems, regions of activity, isozyme loci and allozymes have been lacking in crucifer species. This paper proposes a standard nomenclature for seven isozyme systems in the three diploid species of U's triangle: Brassica nigra, B. oleracea and B. campestris. Gel/electrode buffers, which provided the best resolution for seven isozyme systems, acid phosphatase (APS), aconitase (ACO), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6 PGD), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), were proposed as standards. Isozyme genetic analysis was determined for B. oleracea and B. campestris from previous studies and by segregation of selfed progenies of heterozygous B. nigra plants. Several populations were studied and 148 allozymes at the 18 loci observed were described for the three species. Their relative mobility was studied using a pure line of oilseed rape as reference. The comparison of the different alleles within and between the species is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Cytogenetic and isozymic characterization of anther-panicle culture derived tall fescue aneuploids 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
G. C. Eizenga 《Euphytica》1987,36(1):175-179
Summary Chromosome associations of 44 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea
Schreb., 2n=6x=42) plants derived from anther-panicle culture of Kentucky 31 were evaluated to determine if new genetic stocks could be identified. Seventeen of the plants were euploids (21 II), two were monosomic (20II+1I), 22 were double monosomic (19II+2I) and three were triple monosomic (18II+3I). Zymograms were obtained for phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), acid phosphatase (ACPH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD). The zymograms were identical for GOT, ACPH, and 6-PGD but different patterns were found for MDH and PGI in some of the double monosomics and euploids from a different piece of callus than the majority of the plants.Contribution of the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Scientific Journal Series No. 86-3-61. 相似文献
8.
Summary
Salvia columbariae is a herbaceous annual species which has potential for domestication as a new source of industrial oil. Isozyme markers provide a mean by which this process may be facilitated. Isozyme survey of field grown Salvia columbariae plants showed variation for malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), and phosphogllucomutase (PGM). Selfed seed was obtained from the field and was grown in the greenhouse for segregation analyses. Electrophoretic results indicated that MDH was variable at zone 1, showing presence or absence of a band. The observed segregation ratio was not significantly different from expected ratio for Pgi-4 and Pgm-3 isozymes, indicating monogenic control of the two loci. Pgi-4 locus was heterozygous for a null allele. Cross dimerization between the allozyme Pgi-3 and Pgi-4 loci resulted in an intergenic band for this isozyme system.Abbreviations ACO
aconitase
- ADH
alcohol dehydrogenase
- DTT-DL
dithiothreitol
- FDH
formate dehydrogenase
- GOT
glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase
- IDH
isocitric dehydrogenase
- MDH
malate dehydrogenase
- MNR
menadione reductase
- 6PGD
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- PGI
phosphoglucose isomerase
- PGM
phosphoglucomutase
- PVP-40
polyvinylpyrrolidone
- SKDH
shikimate dehydrogenase
- TPI
triosephosphate isomerase 相似文献
9.
The meiotic behavior of three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, 2n = 6x = 42) genotypes, giant fescue (F. gigantea, 2n = 6x = 42), and their reciprocal F1 hybrids and C1, amphiploids was evaluated to determine the parental genomic relationships. Isozyme banding patterns were used to confirm the parental identity of the hybrids and amphiploids. At meta-phase I, the parents had predominantly bivalent pairing. The hybrids had an average of 9.51 I, 16.02 II, 0.12 III, 0.02 IV, and the amphiploids had 2.17 I, 38.82 II, 0.60 III, 0.58 IV, 0.01 V—VIII. The prevalence of bivalent pairing in both hybrids and amphiploids suggested a homoeologous relationship between the six genomes, with four of the six being more closely related. Bivalent pairing in the amphiploids indicated genetic regulation of chromosome pairing. Zymograms were obtained for acid phosphatase (ACPH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI). The three tall fescue and giant fescue parents had different zymograms for ACPH, MDH, 6-PGD and PGI; thus, the tall fescue parents of the hybrids and amphiploids could be determined based on the banding patterns of these four enzymes. Phenotypes were determined for ACPH-1, PGI-2 and 6-PGD-1. ACPH-1 may be used to follow the introgression of giant fescue chromatin into a certain tall fescue genotype. 相似文献
10.
Analysis of the enzymatic polymorphism of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., was undertaken to evaluate the genetic variability of Algerian cultivars. Seven enzyme systems (alcohol dehydrogenase, diaphorase, aspartate aminotransaminase, acid phosphatase, endopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and phosphoglucomutase) were visualized by electrophoresis. Genetic hypotheses appear to show 7 polymorphic loci and 16 alleles were counted. The study of diversity showed a high percentage of polymorphic loci, strong heterozygosity and considerable genetic diversity. The study shows that genetic variability is greater in the cultivars in the western regions (Saoura-Touat) than in the eastern regions (Rhir-Zibans). An identification key was devised and nearly 65% of the cultivars studied were identified from 5 enzyme systems. 相似文献
11.
Five cultivated forms and one wild accession of Lily of the Valley, Convallaria majalis L., have been investigated to estimate their genetic diversity and their genetic distances. Five enzyme systems were studied: esterase, acid phosphatase, peroxydase, phosphoglucomutase and superoxyde dismutase. Esterase system gave the lowest polymorphism, peroxydase and phosphoglucomutase systems gave the highest polymorphism. Grandiflora of Nantes, German and Fortunea Lily of the Valley appeared to be genetically different. In addition the Fortunea type which is a tetraploid form does not result in a polyploidization of any diploid types studied in this report. These cultivated forms could be the result of a natural and/or directed selection from wild Lily of the Valley.Abbreviations EST-
Esterase
- AP-
Acid phosphatase
- PGM-
Phosphoglucomutase
- PER-
Peroxydase
- SOD-
Superoxyde dismutase 相似文献
12.
Summary Seedlings of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), obtained from seven cultivars crossed with two males, were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for esterase (EST), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), endopeptidase (ENP) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) polymorphisms. Eleven, eight, five and two phenotypes were revealed for the enzymes tested, respectively. Seedlings of F1 populations derived from Bayoud (Fusarium)-resistant and low fruit quality cultivars were characterized by a high electrophoretic polymorphism, when compared with progenies of Bayoud-susceptible and high fruit quality cultivars. In almost all cases, the most frequent electrophoretic phenotypes scored for each enzyme in different F1 populations, were similar to those of the corresponding parent cultivars. Heterozygous phenotypes have been found for, at least, 3 loci; Got-2, Est-1 and Enp, indicating that such loci could be used to screen for hybrid seedlings. The expected Mendelian segregation of allozymes has been observed for these 3 loci, in many F1 populations. It seems that progenies of Bayoud-resistant cultivars are characterized by a high level of electrophoretic polymorphism. The estimation of this index and the search for genetic linkage with segregating allozymes, may be biochemical criteria useful as an aid in distinguishing date palm seedling populations derived from Bayoud-resistant cultivars and suitable for breeding programs. 相似文献
13.
Isoenzyme variation for seven systems revealed by two different electrophoretic procedures was compared in Prunus avium. Fourteen cultivars and 14 wild selections were analysed for acid phosphatase (ACP), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Extracts were separated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). For the eight loci that had been described previously in these enzyme systems on the basis of IEF analysis, we compared the variation revealed with IEF and PAGE. Similar variation was revealed for Acp‐1 and Pgm‐1, and the alleles revealed by PAGE could be identified directly with those reported for IEF. For Lap‐1, Mdh‐1 and Skd‐1, variation was seen with IEF but not with PAGE. For Mdh‐2, PAGE revealed additional variation not revealed by IEF. For Idh‐1, different patterns of variation were revealed by PAGE and IEF, and both procedures would be needed to genotype cherry accessions. We were unable to detect variation corresponding to that reported previously for Sod‐1 with either technique. The implications of these findings for allele labelling, for studies of genetic diversity and for linkage analysis are discussed. 相似文献
14.
F. A. Bletsos D. G. Roupakias M. L. Tsaktsira A. B. Scaltsoyjannes C. C. Thanassoulopoulos 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(2):159-164
Three Greek eggplant cultivars, ‘Langada’, ‘Tsakoniki’ and ‘Emi’ (2n= 24), were crossed with two wild species (Solanum torvum Sw., 2n= 24 and Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., 2n= 24). Ovules isolated 15-27 days after pollination were cultured in a modified MS medium at 24°C and a 16h photoperiod. Fifty days later, the ovules were dissected and the interspecific embryos were cultured in the same medium. Interspecific hybrids were achieved only from crosses between the eggplant cultivars and S. torvum. The hybridity of the putative interspecific F1 hybrid (Solanum melongena×S. torvum) was confirmed by using morphological and biochemical (isozyme isocitrate dehydrogenase A, phosphoglucomutase A, phosphoglucose isomerase B, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase A, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase B) markers. The F1 plants (‘Langada’×S. torvum) were selfpollinated and backcrossed to both parents. Fruits, however, were produced only when the F1 hybrid was backcrossed as female with the eggplant cultivar ‘Langada’. 相似文献
15.
Summary From backcrosses of three interspecific hybrids (A. fistulosum x A. cepa) with a. cepa 14 diploid and 2 triploid plants were recovered.In this BC1 population introgression of A. fistulosum genetic material into the A. cepa nuclear genome was studied using two isozyme markers: Got-1 and Got-2. Both loci carried two alleles. A. cepa was monomorphic for both markers. A. fistulosum was polymorphic for Got-2. Based on their Got isozyme pattern seven out of the 14 diploid BC1 plants had a recombinant genotype. The loci appeared to be unlinked. Differences were observed in nuclear DNA contents between the diploid BC1 plants, indicating that gametes produced by the interspecific hybrids contained different combinations of chromosomal material from A. cepa and A. fistulosum.Abbreviations
Adh
alcohol dehydrogenase
-
Got
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
-
Idh
isocitrate dehydrogenase
-
Pgi
phosphoglucoisomerase
-
Pgm
phosphoglucomutase 相似文献
16.
Identification of triploid Citrus by isozyme analysis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Summary Seedlessness is a desirable horticultural attribute in Citrus and is positively associated with triploidy. The conventional cytological method for triploid identification is a laborious technique involving the preparation of root tips for chromosomal analysis. Digital densitometry of isozymes, however, offers the possibility of distinguishing triploid Citrus from large populations of seedlings both quickly and cheaply. Where there are no gene dosage regulation effects, greater band density should be evident in the allozyme contributed by the diploid gamete for a heterozygous locus. The isozymes of 4 enzymes; malate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, shikimate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucose isomerase, were investigated with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Band densities of these isozymes for triploid Citrus, their diploid siblings and diploid progenitors were measured using a digital densitometer. Of the 4 enzymes investigated only allozymes for shikimate dehydrogenase exhibited consistent differences over a wide range of Citrus cultivars. Greater band density was evident in the allozyme contributed by the diploid gamete. The band density ratio between allozymes for triploid Citrus was close to 0.5, while for diploid Citrus band density ratios were close to 1.0. This effect is due to the extra protein coded by the additional gene dose and was not observed in diploids. Shikimate dehydrogenase proved to be an accurate molecular marker for distinguishing between diploid and triploid Citrus for heterozygous progeny.Abbreviations PAGE
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- MDH
malate dehydrogenase
- 6PGD
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- SkDH
shikimate dehydrogenase
- PGI
phosphoglucose isomerase 相似文献
17.
Summary This study was conducted to elucidate the inheritance and linkage relationships of isozymes in aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, EC 2.6.1.1), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD, EC 1.1.1.43), phosphoglucomutase (PGM, EC 2.7.5.1) and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH, EC 1.1.1.25) in eggplant and its wild relatives. Segregating populations were generated by backcrossing of hybrids among the species. Evidence of Mendelian inheritance was obtained for seven loci: Aat-1, Adh-1, Adh-2, Pgd-1, Pgm-1, Pgm-2 and Skdh-1. Twenty-one pairs of loci were tested for independent assortment, suggesting three linked pairs, Aat-2 with Pgd-2 (R=0.35±0.07), Adh-2 with Pgm-1 (R=0.33±0.07) and Pgd-2 with Pgm-2 (R=0.32±0.06).Abbreviations AAT
aspartate aminotransferase
- ADH
alcohol dehydrogenase
- PGD
phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- PGM
phosphoglucomutase
- SKDH
shikimate dehydrogenase 相似文献
18.
本文应用垂直板不连续系统的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）法,分析了５个杂交一代种（佳粉一号、佳粉二号、佳粉十号、佳粉十五号、双抗二号）发芽肿种苗的五种同工酶（苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）、乙醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶（ＰＧＭ）、酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＩＤＨ）。发现５个杂交一代种中,３个要交一代种与其双亲的苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）谱带有有明显稳定的区别。两个杂交一代种与其双亲酯（ＥＳＴ） 相似文献
19.
20.
The need for precise characterisation of crop materials has assumed importance in any established sui generis system for effective protection of plant varieties. Considering this requirement, 37 Indian maize inbreds were analysed for
allozyme variations. Seven enzyme systems comprising 16 isozyme loci were analysed using starch gel electrophoresis. The allelic
variants were designated using the well-characterised maize inbred Mo 17 as a standard. A total of 29 alleles were scored
at the 16-isozyme loci studied. Malate dehydrogenase (Mdh), acid phosphatase (Acp), phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi), 6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase (Pad) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh) were the most informative isozyme systems for characterisation of the
maize inbreds. These enzyme systems were also useful in detecting and quantifying the extent of `off-types' in each seed lot
analysed. The percent off-types (inclusive of the admixtures and segregates) were as high as 47 to 50 percent in seed lots
of a few of the inbreds. The results of the study were also useful in studying genetic diversity among the inbreds. An UPGMA
based cluster analysis of the allozyme data revealed presence of only moderate genetic diversity among the Indian maize inbreds.
This is of significance in crop yield stability as these inbreds have been used extensively in the production of F1 hybrids occupying large area under maize cultivation in India.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献