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1.
Kun-Tsung Lu 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(2):173-178
The poor adhesion of bamboo coatings is a serious issue in the bamboo industry. To develop a pretreatment method that improves
the adhesion of films and increases the economic value of bamboo products, a study of hydrogen peroxide treatment with solutions
of various pH (pH 4–9) on bamboo surfaces was conducted. Five-year-old ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro), and nitrocellulose lacquer were used in the study. Surface properties of the bamboo such as contact angle and color
were evaluated, and 180° peel strength and shear strength tests for measuring adhesion of films were conducted. The results
showed that the wettability of water droplets and the carbonyl group concentration on the bamboo surface were increased significantly
by alkaline (pH 8 and 9) hydrogen peroxide treatments. There was only minor color variation and the outer wax layer of bamboo
was etched to form additional recesses after hydrogen peroxide treatment. It was also found that all hydrogen peroxide treatments
improved the adhesion of bamboo coating; bamboo treated with hydrogen peroxide at pH 7 showed the greatest improvement. The
enhanced adhesion was attributed to the mechanical interlocking of the film on the treated bamboo rather than to surface activation. 相似文献
2.
This investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of using a two-component polyurethane （PUR） adhesive, with special waterproof properties, in constructing wooden structures. We designed and conducted tests to compare the shear strength and adhesion performance of PUR with polyvinyl acetate （PVAc） adhesive on block-shear specimens constructed of oriental beech （Fagus orientalis L.）, fir （Abies alba Mill.）, poplar （Populus deltoides Bartr.）, white oak （Quercus alba L.）, sycamore （Platanus orientalis L.） and white walnut （Juglans cinerea L.）. The values of the percentage of wood failure were also determined in specimens constructed with each adhesive. The highest shear strength values of both adhesives were obtained in specimens constructed of beech, while the lowest shear strength values were obtained in fir and poplar specimens. Average shear strength of the PUR adhesive was 16.5% higher than that of the PVAc adhesive. Specimens constructed of fir, poplar and sycamore were characterised by the highest percentages of wood failure, whereas the lowest average percentages of wood failure were obtained in beech and oak specimens. With the exception of oak specimens, there was no statistically significant difference between percentage of wood failure among the PUR and PVAc adhesives. Generally, the PUR adhesive showed an acceptable adhesion performance on wood materials used in our study. 相似文献
3.
Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were impregnated with five waxes. The experiments indicate deep penetration into pine sapwood. Besides the viscosity,
an influence of the wax polarity is presumed. Wax penetrates pine wood deeply via the cross-section, but not sufficiently
enough to impregnate longer construction elements. However, the radial wax uptake exceeds the uptake via the tangential orientation
and guarantees complete soaking of the sapwood tissue. The lateral wax penetration within beech is quite low and irregular.
In addition to the temperature, a prolonged process procedure is decisive for an increasing wax uptake. As such, beech wood
vessel elements seem to be fully impregnable via the longitudinal surface after a longer process procedure. 相似文献
4.
Ado Shigihara Yuiko Matsumura Mayuko Kashiwagi Kiyoshi Matsumoto Manabu Igawa 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(6):394-399
The effects of simulated acid fog (SAF) and ozone (O3) stress on the growth and physiology of beech (Fagus crenata) saplings were investigated. Three-year-old beech saplings were exposed to SAFs of pH 3 and pH 5 (control) during May 2007
to July 2008. In each SAF treatment group, half of the saplings were exposed to 60 ppb of O3 during September 2007 to July 2008. In comparison to the control saplings, those from the pH 3 treatment had lower total
plant biomasses, epicuticular wax amounts, Ca2+ concentrations in their leaves, and lower starch concentrations in their leaves and roots. The effect of O3 was significant only for the starch concentration in the roots, but the O3 exposure also negatively affected the growth and physiology of beech saplings. Results show that acid fog exerts various
severe effects, and that both chronic acid fog and O3 exposure suppressed the physiological functions of beech saplings. 相似文献
5.
Alireza Bastani Stergios Adamopoulos Holger Militz 《Wood material science & engineering》2017,12(4):236-241
The shear strength of furfurylated, N-methylol melamine (NMM) and thermally modified wood bonded with emulsion polymer isocyanate, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), and polyurethane (PU) adhesives was examined. Furfurylation and NMM modification of Scots pine had a significant negative effect on the bonding strength with all adhesives irrespective of the treatment intensity. The obtained low-shear strength values were related to the brittle nature of the wood after modifications rather to the failure of the bondline. PVAc showed a better bonding performance with both furfurylated and NMM modified wood while the combination of furfurylated wood and PU gave the highest reduction in bonding strength (47–51%). Shear strength also decreased significantly after thermal modification in both Scots pine (36–56%) and beech (34–48%) with all adhesives. With the exception of thermally modified beech samples bonded with PU, bondline was found to be the weakest link in thermally modified wood as it was revealed by the wood failure surfaces. Bondline thickness and effective penetration of adhesives did not relate to the shear strength of all modified wood materials. The lower shear strength of modified wood could be attributed to other factors, such as the reduced chemical bonding or mechanical interlocking of adhesives, and the reduced strength of brittle modified wood substrate. 相似文献
6.
Strength performance of mortise and loose-tenon furniture joints under uniaxial bending moment 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We determined the effects of adhesive type and loose tenon dimensions （length and thickness） on bending strength of T-shaped mor- tise and loose-tenon joints. Polyvinyl acetate （PVAc） and two-component polyurethane （PU） adhesives were used to construct joint specimens. The bending moment capacity of joints increased significantly with increased length and thickness of the loose tenon. Bending moment capacity of joints constructed with PU adhesive was approximately 13% higher than for joints constructed with PVAc adhesive. We developed a predictive equation as a function of adhesive type and loose tenon dimensions to estimate the strength of the joints constructed of oriental beech （Fagus orientalis L.） under uniaxial bending load. 相似文献
7.
8.
Daniel Kohl C. von Boyneburgk M. Feldmann H.-P. Heim S. Böhm 《Wood material science & engineering》2020,15(3):130-139
ABSTRACTDue to its naturally grown properties, wood has played a rather subordinate role as a material for technical applications up to now. In this paper, multi-material systems based on veneers of beech (Fagus sylvatica) with different reinforcing variants were investigated. In addition to the influence of different adhesive systems (urea formaldehyde and polyurethane), the effect of reinforcing by aramid fiber fabric and stainless steel foil in different climates was examined. At the center of the investigations were dynamically sudden loads, in the form of impact bending and dart drop tests (penetration and impact mode). It has been shown that the use of the reinforcing materials leads to a significant improvement in material properties. The penetration energy of the composites reinforced with the aramid fiber fabric could be increased by 43%. The maximum force in the dart drop test (impact mode) could be increased by 29% with the stainless steel foil, the damping decreased by 48%. The aramid fiber reinforcement achieved an increase in impact resistance by 27% in impact bending test, the steel reinforced achieved an increase of 39%. A clear dependency on both, the climate and the adhesive within the composite, could be demonstrated. 相似文献
9.
Effect of wood species,digester conditions,and defibrator disc distance on wettability of fiberboard
Wettability of medium density fiberboard (MDF) surface affects paint or adhesive application and is, thus, of importance in the course of furniture manufacturing. This study investigated the effects of wood species, digester conditions and defibrator disc distance on the wettability properties. It was found that the wettability of the MDF significantly decreased with increasing the defibrator disc distance and increased with the increment in the severity of the digestion conditions. The highest wettability was found for samples made of beech wood having an average contact angle value of 74.5°, followed by poplar wood (76.5°), birch wood (79.7°), the mixture (1:1) of scots pine and beech wood (82.9°), and scots pine wood (86.4°), respectively. 相似文献
10.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(4):219-227
Abstract Heat treatment of wood is an effective method by which to improve the dimensional stability and biological durability, but the mechanical strength is decreased at the same time. Besides chemical modification of cell-wall constituents, physical weakening of the microstructure owing to heat-induced defects may also contribute to strength loss. Therefore, anatomical properties of heat-treated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.), studied by light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis, and their interrelation with strength properties and structural integrity were investigated. For determination of structural integrity, the high-energy–multiple-impact (HEMI) test was applied. Microscopic analyses showed frequent formation of radial cracks in heat-treated beech close to the rays as well as tangential cracks in the latewood of spruce. In addition, the modulus of rupture was more affected by the heat treatments than the resistance to impact milling (RIM) determined by the HEMI test, because RIM is based on multiple fractures on the microlevel that are not affected by the formation of intercellular cracks or other defects due to the heat treatment. It was concluded that heat-induced defects in the wood microstructure contribute to the substantial strength loss of thermally modified timber. 相似文献
11.
为增强竹材的防霉性能,以毛竹作为研究材料,先对竹材进行超声预处理,制备了抗菌石蜡乳液对竹材进行浸渍改性处理,并对改性后竹材的含水率、吸水率、防水效率和防霉性能进行了测试。选用天然植物中的2-羟基-1,4萘醌作为防霉剂,选用司班80(Span80)和吐温80(Tween80)作为58号食品级石蜡的复配乳化剂,考虑了亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值对石蜡乳化的影响,制得稳定的抗菌石蜡乳液。利用抗菌石蜡乳液对超声处理后的竹片进行浸渍处理,采用L9(33)正交试验设计,以石蜡乳液固含量、干燥温度和干燥时间为因子,以含水率和浸泡768 h后的防水效率为测试指标。结果表明,当Span80和Tween80的质量比为2∶3、HLB值为10.72时,石蜡乳液的稳定性最好。对改性后竹材含水率的影响从大到小依次是石蜡乳液固含量、干燥温度、干燥时间。当石蜡乳液固含量为5%、干燥温度为70℃、干燥时间为1.5 h时,试件含水率最低为4.11%。浸泡768 h后对竹材防水效率影响从大到小依次是干燥温度、石蜡乳液固含量、干燥时间;当石蜡乳液固含量为15%、干燥温度为40℃、干燥时间为1.5 h时,试件防水效率最高为32.15%。超声处理并不能有效阻止竹材的霉变,超声联合抗菌石蜡乳液改性后的竹材防霉性能有明显提高,改性竹材在28 d霉变试验后表面无菌丝、霉点。 相似文献
12.
13.
Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) was produced from fibres treated with maleated polypropylene wax. The objectives of this study
were to improve the dimensional stability of MDF panels by this treatment; to observe the maleated polypropylene wax distribution
within the MDF panels using conventional fluorescence microscopy; and to determine the effects of the treatment on the mechanical
properties and vertical density profile of the panels. MDF panels were produced from two resin types (urea-formaldehyde and
melamine-urea-formaldehyde) and three maleated polypropylene wax contents (0, 3 and 5%). Photomicrographs show that maleated
polypropylene wax forms agglomerates within the MDF panels which is an evidence of its poor distribution in our experimental
conditions. Our results show an important reduction on thickness swelling and water absorption after water soaking for panels
produced from treated fibres. Linear expansion and contraction in adsorption and desorption conditions between 80 and 50%
relative humidity increased following fibre treatment. However, thickness swelling and shrinkage in similar conditions showed
an important reduction following fibre treatment. The fibre treatment did not have negative effects on the mechanical properties
or the vertical density profile of MDF panels. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending were increased
by the treatment independently of maleated polypropylene wax content. The internal bond strength increased following the addition
of 5% maleated polypropylene wax content. 相似文献
14.
Bruna Ugulino 《Wood material science & engineering》2018,13(2):64-72
Sanding is the most common machining process used to prepare wood surfaces prior to coating. Hence, to improve surface quality and coating performance during this process, an optimal set of machining parameters should be established according to wood species and its final use. The effects of grit size and feed speed on surface properties and coating performance of red oak wood were studied. Surface quality was assessed by surface roughness, scanning electron micrographs, and wetting analyses. Coating performance was evaluated using pull-off adhesion tests on coated surfaces before and after an accelerated weathering. The results showed that smoother surfaces are obtained as the grit size number of the abrasive increased. On the other hand, minor differences were observed on cell damages and surface roughness as feed speed changed. Also, there was little difference among treatments concerning wetting behavior and surface energy. Pull-off strength was more affected by changes in grit size than feed speed. A P100-grit size program with a feed speed of 7 m/min resulted in a suitable roughness which provided good adhesion and high pull-off strength after aging test. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):523-529
Decline in pH and leakage of base cations have been recorded in beech forest soils in southern Sweden. This study investigated the influence of soil properties on frost sensitivity in beech bark and evaluated the effects on frost sensitivity of soil treatment with lime, wood ash or excessive N fertilization. Beech trees on five experimental sites were studied. The results indicated that beech trees subjected to a comparatively low C/N ratio and low concentration of nutrient elements in the mineral soil layer were predisposed to a higher sensitivity to frost. Seven years after treatment, no effects of N fertilization were detectable in the soil, but positive effects of liming were recorded. There were no obvious effects of bark ash amendments, owing to large differences among blocks at the site. 相似文献
16.
探讨了低温等离子体预处理对玻璃纤维增强木塑复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:1)低温等离子体处理可有效改善玻璃纤维和木塑复合材料之间的界面相容性。较优预处理参数为:氧气氛围,处理功率100W,处理时间90s。2)玻璃纤维经等离子预处理可有效提高木塑复合材料的力学性能,但处理功率为200W,处理时间180s时,可能对纤维结构造成破坏,导致复合材料的力学性能降低。3)微观形貌特征显示,处理组复合材料中的应力得到有效传递,纤维破坏形式以断裂为主;纤维及聚合物基体表面存在不同程度的刻蚀,从而增加了比表面积,有利于两者之间的界面相互作用。4)等离子体处理主要通过改变基材表面化学组成及刻蚀作用,两者协同可提高聚合物基体与玻璃纤维之间的界面结合能力。 相似文献
17.
Richard Wascher Christian Kühn Georg Avramidis Sascha Bicke Holger Militz Gisela Ohms Wolfgang Viöl 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(4):338-349
This study investigates the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of plywood boards made of thermally modified and unmodified beech veneers that have undergone plasma pre-treatment before melamine resin impregnation. The water and melamine resin uptake and resulting weight percent gain of the veneers were investigated, whereby the air plasma pre-treated veneers showed improved liquid uptake. Five-layer plywood boards were then manufactured and tested for their dimensional stability, compressive strength, bending strength, and tensile strength. Plywood boards made of thermally modified and plasma pre-treated veneers showed a significantly improved dimensional stability, along with small influences on their mechanical properties. 相似文献
18.
Prabu?Satria?Sejati Aurélia?Imbert Christine?Gérardin-Charbonnier Stéphane?Dumar?ay Emmanuel?Fredon Eric?Masson Dodi?Nandika Trisna?Priadi Phillipe?Gérardin
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a major tree species of European forest which is underexploited because of its low dimensional stability and durability. Similarly to what has been developed with radiata pine, furfurylation might be the answer to optimize the utilization of local beech wood. Beech wood furfurylation process was studied using five different catalysts: maleic anhydride, maleic acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, and tartaric acid. Optimization of the furfurylation process was investigated for different catalyst and furfuryl alcohol (FA) contents, and different duration of polymerization. The following properties were studied: weight percent gain (WPG), leachability, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), wettability, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, Brinell hardness, and decay durability. Tartaric acid, never investigated up to now, was retained as catalyst to perform furfurylation due to its efficacy compared to other catalysts and its novelty. Wood modification with FA and tartaric acid as catalyst led to samples with high WPG even after leaching, improved ASE, and lower wettability with water. Increasing the polymerization duration increased the fixation of FA in treated wood. Most of all, treatment gave a significant improvement in mechanical properties and resistance to wood decaying fungi. 相似文献
19.
High formaldehyde emission and poor water resistance are two main disadvantages of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin. For that reason, a novel polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) type emulsion curing agent was developed in this paper. PVAc type emulsions, including PVAc, the co-polymer of PVAc and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide (PVAc–NMA), and the ternary co-polymer of PVAc, NMA, and urea (PVAc–NMA–urea), were the main components. Water, aluminum chloride, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, polypropylene glycol, silicone oil, and urea were the other components. Under heating, aluminum chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate often underwent thermal decomposition and hydrolysis in solution, produce free acid to cure UF resin, so the curing agent could enhance the curing rate, and then shorten the curing time. In this curing agent, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and urea worked as formaldehyde removers and reacted with free formaldehyde in UF resin, thus the formaldehyde emission exuded from the plywood could be effectively limited and reduced. The bonding strength of plywood was not improved very much, especially the dry bonding strength, but the wet bonding strength was little enhanced for the active hydroxymethyl group contained in PVAc–NMA and PVAc–NMA–urea underwent a self-cross-linking reaction to improve the bonding strength and adhesion force to the bonded substrate. More importantly, the results from the industrial production experiments were shown to be very good. 相似文献