共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Univalent fragments of gamma-globulin preparations from four individual rabbits were fractionated and the amino acid compositions of end fractions were compared. For amino acids with uncharged side chains, differences were consistently less than one residue per fragment of molecular weight 50,000. There were differences in the content of amino acids, other than glutamic acid, with charged side chains; these were in the direction expected on the basis of relative strength of adherence to carboxymethyl cellulose and electrophoretic mobility. Exclusive of any possible differences in amide, the total difference in charged groups was three to four residues per fragment. Sine the net charge of univalent fragments reflects that of the gamma-globulin molecule from which the fragments are derived, corresponding differences in composition may also exist among whole gamma-globulin molecules. 相似文献
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Zweig G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,201(4360):973-979
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Baytekin HT Patashinski AZ Branicki M Baytekin B Soh S Grzybowski BA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6040):308-312
When dielectric materials are brought into contact and then separated, they develop static electricity. For centuries, it has been assumed that such contact charging derives from the spatially homogeneous material properties (along the material's surface) and that within a given pair of materials, one charges uniformly positively and the other negatively. We demonstrate that this picture of contact charging is incorrect. Whereas each contact-electrified piece develops a net charge of either positive or negative polarity, each surface supports a random "mosaic" of oppositely charged regions of nanoscopic dimensions. These mosaics of surface charge have the same topological characteristics for different types of electrified dielectrics and accommodate significantly more charge per unit area than previously thought. 相似文献
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从生物体的带电特性出发,对极低频磁场(ELF MF)生物效应的机理从微观上进行了讨论。认为在ELFMF的作用下,生物体的荷电粒子会受到洛仑兹力和力偶矩的作用,导致带电粒子的区域化;同时,ELF MF不仅对生物体自生电流产生力的作用,而且还能在生物体内产生感应生物电流。因此,ELF MF影响了带电粒子的运动和离子的跨膜运转,从而对生物体的多种生理生化特性产生了影响。 相似文献
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Brasefield CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1959,129(3363):1610
Exhaust gases are electrically charged, usually positively but sometimes negatively. This charge does not depend on the electric potential of the vehicle. Whether the charge is positive or negative seems to depend on whether water droplets or carbon particles predominate in the exhaust. 相似文献
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为了探讨不同净电荷及疏水度对天然多肽CMAP-8衍生物抗人乳腺癌细胞MCF7增殖抑制作用的影响,分别采用带正电荷的K和疏水性的F两种氨基酸对天然多肽CMAP-8进行设计改造,得到系列衍生物。其净电荷数为0~8,疏水度为42%~57%,采用MTT法检测所得多肽衍生物对人乳腺癌细胞MCF7的增殖抑制率,Anti CP对多肽抗癌活性的预测。结果表明,净电荷为0的多肽均没有预测抗肿瘤活性,可能是因为多肽的净电荷对其预测活性有一定的影响。体外抗乳腺活性结果表明,CMAP-L-20、CMAP-L-23、CMAP-L-24和CMAP-L-25对MCF7细胞的抑制率与CMAP-8相比,差异达到了极显著水平(Duncan-test,P0.01)。所筛选的4条多肽净电荷数为6~8,疏水度均为46%,而天然多肽CMAP-8净电荷为0,疏水度为42%。多肽活性预测结果与体外抗乳腺癌检测结果一致,共同表明了净电荷的改变对多肽抗乳腺癌活性的影响更大,而疏水度并非越大越好,应该处在合适的范围内。 相似文献
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[目的]分析1株抗肿瘤新城疫病毒(NDV)的毒力。[方法]通过传统毒力的测定方法,测定此株NDV的最小致死量的平均死亡时间(MDT)、脑内致病指数(ICPI)及静脉致病指数(IVPI)。通过RT-PCR扩增此株病毒基因组的多个片段,相邻扩增片段之间有部分核酸序列重叠且覆盖完整的融合蛋白(F)基因和血凝素神经氨酸酶(HN)基因的区域,并进行测序。[结果]此株NDV的MDT为105.6h,ICPI约为0.26,IVPI为0。测序结果表明,此株病毒是1株新的NDV,其F蛋白剪切位点为112RRQRRF117。[结论]此株NDV为弱毒株,其F蛋白剪切位点与强毒株一致。除F蛋白剪切位点外,NDV的毒力必然与其他因素相关。 相似文献
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Thomas RJ Krehbiel PR Rison W Edens HE Aulich GD Winn WP McNutt SR Tytgat G Clark E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5815):1097
By using a combination of radio frequency time-of-arrival and interferometer measurements, we observed a sequence of lightning and electrical activity during one of Mount St. Augustine's eruptions. The observations indicate that the electrical activity had two modes or phases. First, there was an explosive phase in which the ejecta from the explosion appeared to be highly charged upon exiting the volcano, resulting in numerous apparently disorganized discharges and some simple lightning. The net charge exiting the volcano appears to have been positive. The second phase, which followed the most energetic explosion, produced conventional-type discharges that occurred within plume. Although the plume cloud was undoubtedly charged as a result of the explosion itself, the fact that the lightning onset was delayed and continued after and well downwind of the eruption indicates that in situ charging of some kind was occurring, presumably similar in some respects to that which occurs in normal thunderstorms. 相似文献
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Voltage-dependent ion channels respond to changes in the membrane potential by means of charged voltage sensors intrinsic to the channel protein. Changes in transmembrane potential cause movement of these charged residues, which results in conformational changes in the channel. Movements of the charged sensors can be detected as currents known as gating currents. Measurement of the gating currents of the Drosophila Shaker potassium channel indicates that the charge on the voltage sensor of the channels is progressively immobilized by prolonged depolarizations. The charge is not immobilized in a mutant of the channel that lacks inactivation. These results show that the region of the molecule responsible for inactivation interacts, directly or indirectly, with the voltage sensor to prevent the return of the charge to its original position. The gating transitions between closed states of the channel appear not to be independent, suggesting that the channel subunits interact during activation. 相似文献
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姜黎霞 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,42(3):445-447
由于均匀带电直线电荷分布的特殊性,使其电场分布具有特殊的对称性。通过对均匀带电直线电场强度分布进行计算,分析其电场分布的对称性,并讨论一些特殊情况:半无限长均匀带电直线的电场分布对称性,无限长均匀带电直线的电场分布对称性。由于均匀带电直线电荷分布具有轴对称性,因而导致其电场分布也具有轴对称性。半无限长均匀带电直线的电场分布具有轴对称性。无限长均匀带电直线的电场分布不仅具有轴对称性,而且具有柱对称性。 相似文献
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Impact of nanocrystalline alkali-halide clusters against solid surfaces causes them to fission exclusively into low surface-energy fragments. In time-of-flight scattering experiments, this process appears at an impact energy so low that it must result from a single-step cleavage of the nanocrystal along low surface-energy cleavage planes. At higher energies (more than 1 electron volt per atom), a crossover occurs to an entirely different behavior-evaporative cascades that proceed irrespective of the structureenergetic properties of the fragments. These cascades, and the approximately linear scaling of the crossover energy with cluster size, are characteristic of impact-induced transformation of the cluster to a molten state. Collision with the high-rigidity surface of silicon gives a substantially greater cleavage probability than the soft basal-plane surface of graphite. 相似文献
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为了探求磁处理技术防垢的机理，应用电学与统计力学的理论和数学分析的方法。对电解质内胶态粒子周围的电荷分布进行了研究，计算了磁场对这种电荷分布的影响，给出了在温度较高及稀溶液情况下磁场对胶态粒子周围电荷分布影响的公式。认为电解质内的胶态粒子周围带有一层离子电荷，其厚度取决于温度与离子的浓度。当离子浓度离子大时，离子层变薄，促使胶粒之间发生凝聚；当温度增高时，离子层变厚，阻碍胶粒之间发生凝聚。当电解质 相似文献
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概括土壤铵固定及固定态铵释放研究的历史及现状，重点介绍台湾土壤固定铵的研究成果，包括土壤粘粒不同层面电荷、粘粒表面铵离子交换选择性、粘粒表面净零电荷点和净表面电荷、表面电荷非均匀性等对铵固定的影响，供铵固定电学特性研究参考 相似文献
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采用离子溶液原位反应法,研究了不同反应温度下碳酸钙在竹纤维上的沉积情况及其对单根竹纤维拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:温度对附着在竹纤维表面的碳酸钙晶粒尺寸及形貌有明显影响,随着温度的升高,碳酸钙由分散性较好的不规则四面体单晶逐渐团聚生长为球形或椭球形;25℃下碳酸钙粒径较均匀,附着量最高,纳米碳酸钙颗粒填充了纤维上的微孔。所有附着碳酸钙的单根竹纤维拉伸性能均有所改善,这可能与填充的碳酸钙颗粒承受纤维孔隙传递的应力有关。CaCO3沉积情况对竹单根纤维力学性能的影响显著,25℃条件下改性慈竹纤维的拉伸强度和弹性模量最高,与未改性纤维相比,分别提高了30.50%和32.71%。 相似文献
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Cacace F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4979):392-399
The spontaneous decay of chemically bound radioactive atoms affords a route to ions of well-defined structure and charge location, free of counterions. The nuclear nature of the ionization process makes it insensitive to environmental effects, so that exactly the same charged species can be generated, and its reactivity investigated, in widely varying media, from low-pressure gases to liquids and solids. Techniques based on nuclear decay are used in studies of the production of otherwise inaccessible species, the structural characterization of free ions, and the comparative evaluation of their reactivity in different environments, in particular, gas phase and solution. 相似文献
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紫色泥岩土壤＜2 mm岩屑及其对抗剪强度的作用机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】土壤抗剪强度是反映土壤抗滑、抗侵蚀及抗倾覆稳定性的重要指标。而紫色土中大量岩石碎屑能够显著影响土壤抗剪强度。但过去的研究主要集中在＞2 mm的岩石碎屑上,而＜2 mm的岩石碎屑却被忽视。因此,研究＜2 mm岩屑及其对抗剪强度的作用机制对紫色土区域土壤资源的可持续发展有非常重要的实践指导意义。【方法】以紫色泥岩发育的坡耕地土壤为研究对象,采用吸管法测定土壤颗粒组成,采用应变控制式直剪仪测定土样在不同含水率和垂向压力下的抗剪强度,通过对比分析研究＜2 mm的岩石碎屑及其对抗剪强度的作用机制。【结果】从坡顶至坡谷,坡顶至坡脚旱地土壤与母岩的颗粒组成呈极显著性相关,而坡脚与坡谷水田土壤与母岩的颗粒组成的相关性则不显著,即紫色泥岩发育的旱地土壤的颗粒组成与其母岩的颗粒组成具有高度的一致性;土壤中＜0.25 mm颗粒累积含量在99.84%-99.91%,其中,以＞0.25 mm岩石碎屑存在的土壤颗粒的比例为0.96%-57.82%,以＞0.25 mm团聚体存在的土壤颗粒的比例为6.33%-19.66%,随着位置高程的降低,土壤中岩石碎屑含量减少,且旱地土壤中岩石碎屑的含量显著高于水田土壤;而团聚体及黏粒含量则逐渐增加。在土壤含水率从7%增加到25%的过程中,土壤水分对旱地土壤黏聚力的影响要小于水田土壤;内摩擦角随着土壤含水率的降低而线性减小,且随着位置高程的降低,土壤水分对内摩擦角的影响逐渐增大;在相同垂直压力下,土壤水分对土壤抗剪强度的影响同样也随着位置高程的降低、岩石碎屑含量的减少而增大。【结论】在紫色泥岩发育的土壤中存在大量＜2 mm的岩石碎屑。这些＜2 mm岩石碎屑的存在改变了对传统土壤团聚体的认识,使得土壤团聚体可进一步细分为先天团聚体（＜2 mm岩石碎屑）以及后天团聚体（水稳性团聚体）。同时,土壤中这些＜2 mm岩石碎屑能够降低土壤水分对黏聚力及内摩擦角的影响,从而降低土壤水分对土壤的抗剪强度特性的影响。 相似文献
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An electrohydrodynamic methodology has been developed that makes possible the precise assembly of two- and three-dimensional colloidal crystals on electrode surfaces. Electrophoretically deposited colloidal particles were observed to move toward one another over very large distances (greater than five particle diameters) to form two-dimensional colloidal crystals for both micrometer- and nanometer-size particles. This coalescence of particles with the same charge is opposite to what is expected from electrostatic considerations and appears to result from electrohydrodynamic fluid flow arising from an ionic current flowing through the solution. The ability to modulate this "lateral attraction" between particles, by adjusting field strength or frequency, facilitates the reversible formation of two-dimensional fluid and crystalline colloidal states on the electrode surface. Further manipulation allows controlled structures to be assembled. 相似文献
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由点电荷在空间激发电场的电位公式，用两种不同的方法求出了均匀带电圆盘电位的空间分布。 相似文献