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1.
Brent D. McCallum D. Gavin Humphreys Daryl J. Somers Abdulsalam Dakouri Sylvie Cloutier 《Euphytica》2012,183(2):261-274
The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gene Lr34/Yr18 conditions resistance to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust, along with other diseases such as powdery mildew. This makes
it one of the most important genes in wheat. In Canada, Lr34 has provided effective leaf rust resistance since it was first incorporated into the cultivar Glenlea, registered in 1972.
Recently, molecular markers were discovered that are either closely linked to this locus, or contained within the gene. Canadian
wheat cultivars released from 1900 to 2007, breeding lines and related parental lines, were tested for sequence based markers
caSNP12, caIND11, caIND10, caSNP4, microsatellite markers wms1220, cam11, csLVMS1, swm10, csLV34, and insertion site based
polymorphism marker caISBP1. Thirty different molecular marker haplotypes were found among the 375 lines tested; 5 haplotypes
had the resistance allele for Lr34, and 25 haplotypes had a susceptibility allele at this locus. The numbers of lines in each haplotype group varied from 1
to 140. The largest group was represented by the leaf rust susceptible cultivar “Thatcher” and many lines derived from “Thatcher”.
The 5 haplotypes that had the resistance allele for Lr34 were identical for the markers tested within the coding region of the gene but differed in the linked markers wms1220, caISBP1,
cam11, and csLV34. The presence of the resistance or susceptibility allele at the Lr34 locus was tracked through the ancestries of the Canadian wheat classes, revealing that the resistance allele was present
in many cultivars released since the 1970s, but not generally in the older cultivars. 相似文献
2.
A. C. B. Sousa M. A. Carvalho A. K. B. Ramos T. Campos D. A. Sforça M. I. Zucchi L. Jank A. P. Souza 《Euphytica》2011,181(2):223-235
In this study, we used microsatellite loci to estimate the outcrossing rate of Centrosema pubescens in open-pollinated populations of 10 progenies that each contained 20 genotypes. The multilocus outcrossing rate was 27%,
which suggested a mixed mating system with a predominance of autogamy. The single locus outcrossing rate was 13%. The difference
was 0.040, which indicated that only 4% of outcrossing occurs in related individuals. A paternity correlation of 14% suggests
that there is a low probability of finding full sibs in the progeny. Cross-amplification of the 26 microsatellite loci available
for C. pubescens was evaluated across 11 different Centrosema species. Nineteen of the 26 tested microsatellites were successfully transferable across the Centrosema species. The polymorphism information content and discriminating power evaluated had averages of 0.64 and 0.77, respectively.
A total of three clusters were assembled to demonstrate the genetic relationships between Centrosema species. The transferable microsatellite loci should be useful for exploiting the genetic resources of the Centrosema species and determining the outcrossing rate, which are essential for proposing effective approaches for conservation and
for establishing strategies for the selection and improvement of Centrosema spp. 相似文献
3.
Grzegorz Bartoszewski Cezary Waszczak Piotr Gawroński Iwona Stępień Hanna Bolibok-Brągoszewska Alain Palloix Véronique Lefebvre Aleksandra Korzeniewska Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Szczytt 《Euphytica》2012,186(2):453-461
The nuclear male sterility gene ms8 is expected to facilitate the production of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrids as it provides means for hybridization without the labor-intensive hand emasculation of female inbred lines.
The development of molecular markers linked to ms8 locus will help the breeding practice for the selection of hybrid parental lines. In this study, F2 population resulting from a cross between the sweet pepper male sterile line 320 and the male fertile variety Elf was used
to identify DNA markers linked to the ms8 locus. With the use of RAPD–BSA technique, seven markers linked to the ms8 locus were found. Four of them were converted into SCAR markers. In addition, two COSII/CAPS markers linked to the ms8 locus were identified. Comparative mapping with reference pepper maps indicated that the ms8 locus is located on the lower arm of the pepper chromosome P4. Identified markers are useful for molecular breeding, however,
at present markers tightly linked to ms8 locus are still lacking. Identification of molecular markers linked to the ms8 locus and determination of its chromosomal localization are useful for fine mapping and also provide the perspective for
ms8 gene cloning. 相似文献
4.
Jundae Lee Jae Bok Yoon Jung-Heon Han Won Phil Lee Sang Hoon Kim Hyo Guen Park 《Euphytica》2010,173(1):55-61
Genic male sterility (GMS) has long been used as a tool for hybrid seed production in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). We developed DNA markers linked to the GMS ms
3
gene in a segregating population using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
techniques. The segregating population was subjected to BSA-AFLP with 512 primer combinations. Three AFLP markers (Eagg/Mccc276, Eagc/Mctt178, and Ecag/Mtgc204) were identified as tightly linked to the ms
3
locus. Among them, we converted the AFLP marker Ecag/Mtgc204 to the cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, named GMS3-CAPS, based on sequencing analysis of internal and
flanking regions for the markers between male-fertile and sterile plants. This marker will be useful for pepper breeding using
the GMS system. 相似文献
5.
Haejeen Bang Dong Youn Cho Kil-Sun Yoo Moo-Kyoung Yoon Bhimanagouda S. Patil Sunggil Kim 《Euphytica》2011,179(3):439-449
In order to implement reliable marker-assisted selection systems for the restorer-of-fertility locus (Ms) in onions (Allium cepa L.), simple PCR-based codominant markers linked to the Ms locus were developed. Based on the EST probe sequences of previously reported RFLP markers, full-length genomic sequences
of the gene encoding putative oligopeptide transporter (OPT) was obtained by RACE. The first intron contained two 108 and
439-bp indel polymorphisms between the two Ms allele-linked OPT alleles. A simple PCR marker for OPT was developed by designing a primer pair on the flanking regions of
the 108-bp indel which is created by two tandem repeats. The second simple PCR marker was developed from the EST probe encoding
photosystem I subunit O (PsaO). Two 14 and 39-bp tandem repeats were identified from the 5′ upstream sequences of the PsaO-coding
gene, which were isolated by genome walking. Three different compositions of these tandem repeats were identified from diverse
onion germplasm. A primer set binding to the flanking sequence of these polymorphic repeats was used to amplify three different
marker haplotypes. The OPT marker was tightly linked to the Ms locus at a distance of 1.5 cM, but the analysis of the linkage relationship showed little linkage disequilibrium between
the marker and the Ms locus. Even so, these simple PCR markers are valuable tools for the marker-assisted selection of segregating individuals
in onion F1 hybrid breeding programs. 相似文献
6.
Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) (Pam.) is the most devastating disease of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.; 2n = 2x = 18), taking a heavy toll of the crop. In this study, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) derived sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers linked to the black rot resistance locus Xca1bo were developed and evaluated as a screening tool for resistance. The RAPD marker OPO-04833 and ISSR marker ISSR-11635 were identified as closely linked at 1.6 cM distance to the black rot resistance locus Xca1bo. Both the markers OPO-04833 and ISSR-11635 were cloned, sequenced and converted into SCAR markers and validated in 17 cauliflower breeding lines having different genetic backgrounds. These SCAR markers (ScOPO-04833 and ScPKPS-11635) amplified common locus and showed 100% accuracy in differentiating resistant and susceptible plants of cauliflower breeding lines. The SCAR markers ScOPO-04833 and ScPKPS-11635 are the first genetic markers found to be linked to the black rot resistance locus Xca1bo in cauliflower. These markers will be very useful in black rot resistance marker assisted breeding. 相似文献
7.
The Lr56/Yr38 translocation consists primarily of alien-derived chromatin with only the 6AL telomeric region being of wheat origin. To
improve its utility in wheat breeding, an attempt was made to exchange excess Ae. sharonensis chromatin for wheat chromatin through homoeologous crossover in the absence of Ph1. Translocation heterozygotes that lacked Ph1 were test-crossed with Chinese Spring nullisomic 6A tetrasomic 6B and nullisomic 6A-tetrasomic 6D plants and the resistant
(hemizygous 6A) progeny were analyzed with four microsatellite markers. Genetic mapping suggested general homoeology between
wheat chromosome 6A and the translocation chromosomes, and showed that Lr56 was located near the long arm telomere. Thirty of the 53 recombinants had breakpoints between Lr56 and the most distal marker Xgwm427. These were characterized with additional markers. The data suggested that recombinants #39, 157 and 175 were wheat chromosomes
6A with small intercalary inserts of foreign chromatin containing Lr56 and Yr38, located distally on the long arms. These three recombinants are being incorporated into adapted germplasm. Attempts to identify
the single shortest translocation and to develop appropriate markers are being continued. 相似文献
8.
A. D. Munshi Bishwajit Panda Bikash Mandal I. S. Bisht E. S. Rao Ravinder Kumar 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):501-507
The genetics of resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii R. Alef, the wild progenitor of cultivated cucumber was assessed by challenge inoculation and by natural infection of CMV.
Among the 31 genotypes of C. sativus var. hardwickii collected from 21 locations in India the lowest mean percent disease intensity (PDI) was recorded in IC-277048 (6.33%) while
the highest PDI was observed in IC-331631 (75.33%). All the four cultivated varieties (DC-1, DC-2, CHC-1 and CHC-2) showed
very high PDI and susceptible disease reaction. Based on mean PDI, 8 genotypes were categorized as resistant, 13 as moderately
resistant, 9 as moderately susceptible and one as susceptible. A chi-square test of frequency distribution based on mean PDI
in F2 progenies of six resistant × susceptible crosses revealed monogenic recessive Mendelian ratio 1(R):3(S) to be the best fit.
This monogenic recessive model was further confirmed by 1(R):1(S) ratio as the best fit for back cross with resistant parent
and no fit for either 3:1 or 1:1 in the back cross with the susceptible parent. The results revealed that CMV resistance in
C. sativus var. hardwickii was controlled by a single recessive gene. Considering the cross compatibility between C. sativus var. hardwickii and cultivated cucumber, the resistance trait can be easily transferred to cultivated species through simple backcross breeding. 相似文献
9.
Franceli R. Kulcheski Felipe A. S. Graichen José A. Martinelli Ana B. Locatelli Luiz C. Federizzi Carla A. Delatorre 《Euphytica》2010,175(3):423-432
Crown rust, which is caused by Puccinia
coronata f. sp. avenae, P. Syd. & Syd., is the most destructive disease of cultivated oats (Avena
sativa L.) throughout the world. Resistance to the disease that is based on a single gene is often short-lived because of the extremely
great genetic diversity of P. coronata, which suggests that there is a need to develop oat cultivars with several resistance genes. This study aimed to identify
amplified fragment length polymorphism AFLP markers that are linked to the major resistance gene, Pc68, and to amplify the F6 genetic map from Pc68/5*Starter × UFRGS8. Seventy-eight markers with normal segregation were discovered and distributed in
12 linkage groups. The map covered 409.4 cM of the Avena
sativa genome. Two AFLP markers were linked in repulsion to Pc68: U8PM22 and U8PM25, which flank the gene at 18.60 and 18.83 centiMorgans (cM), respectively. The marker U8PM25 is located
in the linkage group 4_12 in the Kanota × Ogle reference oat population. These markers should be useful for transferring Pc68 to genotypes with good agronomic characteristics and for pyramiding crown rust resistance genes. 相似文献
10.
Lu Xiao Bin Yi Yufeng Chen Zhen Huang Wei Chen Chaozhi Ma Jinxing Tu Tingdong Fu 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):377-384
7–7365AB is a recessive genic male sterile (RGMS) two-type line, which can be applied in a three-line system with the interim-maintainer,
7–7365C. Fertility of this system is controlled by two duplicate dominant epistatic genes (Bn;Ms3 and Bn;Ms4) and one recessive epistatic inhibitor gene (Bn;rf). Therefore an individual with the genotype of Bn;ms3ms3ms4ms4Rf_ exhibits male sterility, whereas, plant with Bn;ms3ms3ms4ms4rfrf shows fertility because homozygosity at the Bn;rf locus (Bn;rfrf) can inhibit the expression of two recessive male sterile genes in homozygous Bn;ms3ms3ms4ms4 plant. A cross of 7–7365A (Bn;ms3ms3ms4ms4RfRf) and 7–7365C (Bn;ms3ms3ms4ms4rfrf) can generate a complete male sterile population served as a mother line with restorer in alternative strips for the multiplication
of hybrid seeds. In the present study, molecular mapping of the Bn;Rf gene was performed in a BC1 population from the cross between 7–7365A and 7–7365C. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism
(AFLP) technique was used to identify molecular markers linked to the gene of interest. From a survey of 768 primer combinations,
seven AFLP markers were identified. The closest marker, XM5, was co-segregated with the Bn;Rf locus and successfully converted into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, designated as XSC5. Two flanking
markers, XM3 and XM2, were 0.6 cM and 2.6 cM away from the target gene, respectively. XM1 was subsequently mapped on linkage
group N7 using a doubled-haploid (DH) mapping population derived from the cross Tapidor × Ningyou7, available at IMSORB, UK.
To further confirm the location of the Bn;Rf gene, additional simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in linkage group N7 from the reference maps were screened in the BC1 population. Two SSR markers, CB10594 and BRMS018, showed polymorphisms in our mapping population. The molecular markers found
in the present study will facilitate the selection of interim-maintainer. 相似文献
11.
Junghyun Shim Olivier Panaud Clémentine Vitte Merlyn S. Mendioro Darshan S. Brar 《Euphytica》2010,176(2):269-279
Molecular markers have been successfully used in rice breeding however available markers based on Oryza
sativa sequences are not efficient to monitor alien introgression from distant genomes of Oryza. We developed O. minuta (2n = 48, BBCC)-specific clones comprising of 105 clones (266–715 bp) from the initial library composed of 1,920 clones against
O. sativa by representational difference analysis (RDA), a subtractive cloning method and validated through Southern blot hybridization.
Chromosomal location of O. minuta-specific clones was identified by hybridization with the genomic DNA of eight monosomic alien additional lines (MAALs). The
37 clones were located either on chromosomes 6, 7, or 12. Different hybridization patterns between O. minuta-specific clones and wild species such as O. punctata, O. officinalis, O. rhizomatis, O. australiensis, and O. ridleyi were observed indicating conservation of the O. minuta fragments across Oryza spp. A highly repetitive clone, OmSC45 hybridized with O. minuta and O. australiensis (EE), and was found in 6,500 and 9,000 copies, respectively, suggesting an independent and exponential amplification of the
fragment in both species during the evolution of Oryza. Hybridization of 105 O. minuta specific clones with BB- and CC-genome wild Oryza species resulted in the identification of 4 BB-genome-specific and 14 CC-genome-specific clones. OmSC45 was identified as a fragment of RIRE1, an LTR-retrotransposon. Furthermore this clone was introgressed from O. minuta into the advanced breeding lines of O. sativa. 相似文献
12.
J. L. Gonzalez-Hernandez P. K. Singh M. Mergoum T. B. Adhikari S. F. Kianian S. Simsek E. M. Elias 《Euphytica》2009,166(2):199-206
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is an important foliar disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) worldwide. The combined effects of SNB and tan spot, considered as components of the leaf spotting disease complex,
result in significant damage to wheat production in the northern Great Plains of North America. The main objective of this
study was the genetic analysis of resistance to SNB caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum in tetraploid wheat, and its association with tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 2. The 133 recombinant inbred chromosome lines (RICL) developed from the cross LDN/LDN(Dic-5B) were evaluated for SNB
reaction at the seedling stage under greenhouse conditions. Molecular markers were used to map a quantitative trait locus
(QTL) on chromosome 5B, explaining 37.6% of the phenotypic variation in SNB reaction. The location of the QTL was 8.8 cM distal
to the tsn1 locus coding for resistance to P. tritici-repentis race 2. The presence of genes for resistance to both SNB and tan spot in close proximity in tetraploid wheat and the identification
of molecular markers linked to these genes or QTLs will be useful for incorporating resistance to these diseases in wheat
breeding programs. 相似文献
13.
A leafy crop of Brassica napus L. called nabicol has been grown by farmers in northwestern Spain for many years, being an important horticultural product during
the winter season. A collection of landraces of a Brassica napus leafy crop called nabicol is kept at ‘Misión Biológica de Galicia’ (CSIC-Spain) which can be used to search for desirable
characteristics or to produce new commercial varieties to release in the market. The assessment of the mating system of nabicol
landraces is particularly important to carry on adequate breeding and genetic conservation programs. The objective of this
work is to estimate the outcrossing rate in nabicol under controlled pollinator conditions using SSRs. Pairs of flowering
plants taken from nabicol landrace MBG-BRS0039 were placed in separated isolation cages and bumble bees (Bombus sp.) were released for facilitating the crosses between plants. A seed sample from each plant in the cross was analyzed by
SSRs that were polymorphic in the parental population. We found that the crop is partially allogamous and that there is genetic
variation for the outcrossing rate among individuals. Several consequences for the maintenance and genetic improvement of
the crop are discussed. The existence of genetic variability for this trait is a valuable tool that will allow us to study
the genetic mechanisms underlying the mating system of this crop. 相似文献
14.
P. Balaji Suresh B. Srikanth V. Hemanth Kishore I. Subhakara Rao L. R. Vemireddy N. Dharika R. M. Sundaram M. S. Ramesha K. R. S. Sambasiva Rao B. C. Viraktamath C. N. Neeraja 《Euphytica》2012,187(3):421-435
The Wild Abortive (WA) system is the major cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) source for hybrid rice production in indica rice and its fertility restoration is reported to be controlled by two major loci viz. Rf3 on chromosome 1 and Rf4 on chromosome 10. With the availability of the rice genome sequence, an attempt was made to fine map, develop candidate gene based markers for Rf3 and Rf4 and validate the developed marker system in a set of known restorer lines. Using polymorphic markers developed from microsatellite markers and candidate gene based markers from Rf3 and Rf4 loci, local linkage maps were constructed in two mapping populations of ~1,500 F2 progeny from KRH2 (IR58025A/KMR3R) and DRRH2 (IR68897A/DR714-1-2R) hybrids. QTLs and their interactions for fertility restoration in Rf3 and Rf4 loci were identified. The identified QTL in both mapping populations together explained 66–72 % of the phenotypic variance of the trait suggesting their utility in developing a marker system for identification of fertility restorers for WA-CMS. Sequence comparison of the two candidate genes from the Rf3 and Rf4 regions in male sterile (A) and restorer (R) lines showed 2–3 bp indels and a few substitutions in the Rf3 region and indels of 327 and 106 bp in the Rf4 region respectively. The marker system identified in the present study was validated in 212 restorers and 34 maintainers along with earlier reported markers for fertility restoration of WA-CMS. Together DRCG-RF4-14 and DRCG-RF4-8 for the Rf4 locus and DRRM-RF3-5/DRRM-RF3-10 for the Rf3 locus showed a maximum efficiency of 92 % for identification of restorers. 相似文献
15.
Furong Wang Yongchao Gong Chuanyun Zhang Guodong Liu Liuming Wang Zhenzhen Xu Jun Zhang 《Euphytica》2011,181(1):41-53
The germplasm with exotic genomic components especially from Sea Island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. Gb) is the dominant genetic resources to enhance fiber quality of upland cotton (G. hirsutum L., Gh). Due to low efficiency of phenotypic evaluation and selection on fiber quality, genetic dissection of favorable alleles
using molecular markers is essential. Genetic dissection on putative Gb introgressions related to fiber traits were conducted by SSR markers with mapping populations derived from a cross between
Luyuan343 (LY343), a superior fiber quality introgression line (IL) with genomic components from Gb, and an elite Upland cotton cv. Lumianyan#22 (LMY22). Among 82 polymorphic loci screened out from 4050 SSRs, 42 were identified
as putative introgression alleles. A total of 29 fiber-related QTLs (23 for fiber quality and six for lint percentage) were
detected and most of which clustered on the putative Gb introgression chromosomal segments of Chr.2, Chr.16, Chr.23 and Chr.25. As expected, a majority of favorable alleles of fiber
quality QTLs (12/17, not considering the QTLs for fiber fineness) came from the IL parent and most of which (11/12) were conferred
by the introgression genomic components while three of the six (3/6) favorable alleles for lint percentage came from the Gh parent. Validation of these QTLs using an F8 breeding population from the same cross made previously indicated that 13 out of 29 QTLs showed considerable stability. The
results suggest that fiber quality improvement using the introgression components could be facilitated by marker-assisted
selection in cotton breeding program. 相似文献
16.
Chaozhi Ma Chunyan Li Yongqiang Tan Wei Tang Jianfeng Zhang Changbin Gao Tingdong Fu 《Euphytica》2009,166(1):123-129
A self-incompatible (SI) line, S-1300, and its maintainer 97-wen135, a self-compatible (SC) line, were used to study the inheritance
of maintenance for self-incompatibility in B. napus. The ratio of SI plants to SC plants from S-1300 × 97-wen135 F2 and (S-1300 × 97-wen135) × 97-wen135 was 346:260 and 249:232, fitting the expected ratio of 9:7 and 1:1, respectively. Based
on these observations, here we propose a genetic model in which two independent loci, S locus and S suppressor locus (sp), are predicted to control the inheritance of maintenance for self-incompatibility in B. napus. The genotypes of S-1300 and 97-wen135 are S
1300
S
1300
sp
1300
sp
1300
and S
135
S
135
sp
135
sp
135
, respectively. S
135
is dominant to S
1300
, but coexistence of sp
1300
and sp
135
fails to suppress S locus. Both S
1300
and S
135
can be suppressed by sp
135
, while sp
1300
can suppress S
135
but not S
1300
. The model contains two characteristics: that a dominant S locus exists in self-compatible B. napus, and that co-suppression will occur when sp loci are heterozygous. The model has been validated by the segregation of S phenotypes in the (S-1300 × 97-wen135) × S-1300, the progenies of SC S-1300 × 97-wen135 F2 plants and DH population developed from S-1300 × 97-wen135 F1. This is the first study to report co-suppression of S suppressor loci in B. napus. The genetic model will be very useful for developing molecular markers linked to maintenance for self-incompatibility and
for dissecting the mechanism of SI/SC in B. napus. 相似文献
17.
Naoyuki Araki Shin-Ichi Masuzaki Hikaru Tsukazaki Shigenori Yaguchi Tadayuki Wako Yosuke Tashiro Naoki Yamauchi Masayoshi Shigyo 《Euphytica》2010,173(3):321-328
The potential of microsatellite markers for use in genetic studies has been evaluated in Allium cultivated species (Allium cepa, A. fistulosum) and its allied species (A. altaicum, A. galanthum, A. roylei, A. vavilovii). A total of 77 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs were employed, 76 of which amplified a single product or several
products in either of the species. The 29 AMS primer pairs derived from A. cepa and 46 microsatellites primer pairs from A. fistulosum revealed a lot of polymorphic amplicons between seven Allium species. Some of the microsatellite markers were effective not only for identifying an intraspecific F1 hybrid between shallot and bulb onion but also for applying to segregation analyses in its F2 population. All of the microsatellite markers can be used for interspecific taxonomic analyses among two cultivated and four
wild species of sections Cepa and Phyllodolon in Allium. Generally, our data support the results obtained from recently performed analyses using molecular and morphological markers.
However, the phylogeny of A. roylei, a threatened species with several favorable genes, was still ambiguous due to its different positions in each dendrogram
generated from the two primer sets originated from A. cepa and A. fistulosum. 相似文献
18.
In the last decade, the cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham)) has become a major insect pest of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Canada reducing seed yields up to 35%. Therefore, the benefits of developing weevil resistant germplasm to canola
breeders and the industry would reduce input costs, pesticide use, environmental degradation and increase yield. Yellow mustard
(Sinapis alba L.) is resistant to C. obstrictus (CSPW), although the exact mechanism is not known (McCaffrey et al. 1999). A unique canola population was generated at the University of Guelph from a cross between B. napus and S. alba through embryo rescue and backcrossed to canola several times prior to double haploid (DH) production. Approximately one-half
of this DH population had canola quality glucosinolate concentration (<16 μmol/g) and was used for further breeding. The hypothesis
was that some DH progeny from this cross inherited resistance to CSPW from S. alba. Weevil infestation levels were assessed for the B. napus × S. alba BC2 and BC3 DH populations in the field over 7 years in Alberta where weevil pressure is strong to establish the resistant
or susceptible status of these lines. The basic objectives for this study were to confirm field resistance in the B. napus × S. alba germplasm in Ontario and to identify any biochemical markers associated with resistance/susceptibility. Canola doubled haploid
lines derived from BC2 or BC3 families were field screened for resistance (R) followed by chemical analysis of glucosinolates
to detect biochemical polymorphisms correlated with CSPW resistance using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Two
polymorphic peaks were found, one each, from extracts of upper cauline leaves and Stage 3 pod seed, with retention times of
~23 and 19 min, respectively. These HPLC peaks consistently correlated with larval infestation data and the peak differences
between R and S DH lines were significant. Therefore, these two peaks can be considered as biochemical markers in this breeding
germplasm and may play a role in rapid and early detection of CSPW resistance. 相似文献
19.
This paper describes the relative efficiency of three marker systems, RAPD, ISSR, and AFLP, in terms of fingerprinting 14
rice genotypes consisting of seven temperatejaponica rice cultivars, three indica near-isogenic lines, three indica introgression lines, and one breeding line of japonica type adapted to high-altitude areas of the tropics with cold tolerance genes. Fourteen RAPD, 21 ISSR, and 8 AFLP primers
could produce 970 loci, with the highest average number of loci (92.5) generated by AFLP. Although polymorphic bands in the
genotypes were detected by all marker assays, the AFLP assay discriminated the genotypes effectively with a robust discriminating
power (0.99), followed by ISSR (0.76) and RAPD (0.61). While significant polymorphism was detected among the genotypes of
japonica and indica through analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), relatively low polymorphism was detected within the genotypes of japonica rice cultivars. The correlation coefficients of similarity were significant for the three marker systems used, but only the
AFLP assay effectively differentiated all tested rice lines. Fingerprinting of backcross-derived resistant progenies using
ISSR and AFLP markers easily detected progenies having a maximum rate of recovery for the recurrent parent genome and suggested
that our fingerprinting approach adopting the ‘undefined-element-amplifying’ DNA marker system is suitable for incorporating
useful alleles from the indica donor genome into the genome of temperate japonica rice cultivars with the least impact of deleterious linkage drag. 相似文献
20.
É. C. Dianese M. E. N. Fonseca A. K. Inoue-Nagata R. O. Resende L. S. Boiteux 《Euphytica》2011,180(3):307-319
The genus Tospovirus was considered as monotypic with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) being the only assigned species. However, extensive studies with worldwide isolates revealed that this genus comprises
a number of species with distinct virulence profiles. The Neotropical South America is one center of Tospovirus diversity with many endemic species. Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV), TSWV, Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), and Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) are the predominant tomato-infecting species in Brazil. Sources of resistance were found in Solanum (section Lycopersicon) mainly against TSWV isolates from distinct continents, but there is an overall lack of information about resistance to other
viral species. One-hundred and five Solanum (section Lycopersicon: Solanaceae) accessions were initially evaluated for their reaction against a GRSV isolate by analysis of symptom expression
and systemic virus accumulation using DAS-ELISA. A subgroup comprising the most resistant accessions was re-evaluated in a
second assay with TSWV, TCSV, and GRSV isolates and in a third assay with a CSNV isolate. Seven S. peruvianum accessions displayed a broad-spectrum resistance to all viral species with all plants being free of symptoms and systemic
infection. Sources of resistance were also found in tomato cultivars with the Sw-5 gene and also in accessions of S. pimpinellifolium, S. chilense, S. arcanum, S. habrochaites, S. corneliomuelleri, and S. lycopersicum. The introgression/incorporation of these genetic factors into cultivated tomato varieties might allow the development of
genetic materials with broad-spectrum resistance, as well as with improved levels of phenotypic expression. 相似文献