共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
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浙江省的玉米锈病是以多堆柄锈菌夏孢子的形态侵染玉米造成发病的。为了进一步探讨空中夏孢子分布动态与玉米锈病发生的关系 ,我们于 1 999～ 2 0 0 1年对玉米锈菌夏孢子空中分布动态及田间发病的关系进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,在玉米锈病发病之前 ,往往空中就已有夏孢子存在 ,空中夏孢子活动与分布的状况与田间玉米锈病的发生及流行密切相关。现将有关结果总结如下。1 材料与方法1 .1 空中孢子捕捉方法采用ＢＺ 2型电子自控孢子捕捉器 (江苏无锡华中电器厂生产 )进行定点系统监测。孢子捕捉器安装在淳安县姜家镇下玉泉村一山坡上 ,海拔高度 … 相似文献
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南繁区玉米锈病种类鉴定及病原生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
玉米锈病在海南等地种植的玉米上爆发成灾。单从症状和形态特征上很难将其进行分类鉴定。因此,本研究从南繁区玉米种植基地采集病样132份,经夏孢子显微形态观察,离体致病性测定和玉米锈病特异性引物PCR扩增,以及序列和系统进化分析,发现其与玉米多堆柄锈菌(Puccinia polysora)的多条序列聚在同一分支上,相似性99%。说明南繁区玉米锈病病原为多堆柄锈菌(Puccinia polysora),类型为南方型玉米锈病(Southern corn rust)。同时,通过生物学特性的测定,明确了夏孢子萌发的最适温度为20℃~28℃,致死温度为40℃,10 min;光照对夏孢子萌发影响不大;此外,蔗糖、葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉等对夏孢子的萌发有促进作用,尿素、草酸铵、酪氨酸等对夏孢子的萌发有抑制作用。该研究结果为南繁区玉米锈病的防治提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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<正>戊唑醇为三唑类杀菌剂,具有内吸和治疗作用,可用于防治锈病、白粉病等多种病害。为明确该药对花生叶斑病的防效,江苏东海县农业局韩方胜等人选用6%戊唑醇微乳剂进行了田间药效试验。 相似文献
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6种杀菌剂对小麦叶斑根腐病菌的毒力测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
筛选高效的防治药剂并研究出其配套的田间防治应用技术是防治小麦根腐病的重要措施,而通过不同杀菌剂对病原菌的毒力测定分析,可为田间防治药剂的筛选提供重要的参考依据。此研究采用生物测定的方法,研究了6种化学药剂对小麦叶斑根腐病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明,不同药剂对病原菌生长的影响不同,世高对菌丝生长的抑制作用最显著,在质量浓度为40 mg/L时抑制率达94.9%;其次为唑醚?代森联、丙森锌、福美双、多菌灵和代森锰锌,在该浓度下对菌丝生长抑制率依次为89.5%、86.3%、48.2%、40%和37.8%。对病原菌菌丝生长抑制效果最好的世高对病原菌孢子萌发同样具有强烈的抑制作用,抑制萌发中浓度为6.45 mg/L,可在生产中继续合理使用。 相似文献
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<正>防治对象要明确针对田间病虫害种类的不同,采取相应的农药防治。农药进行混配时,其农药的含量要搞清楚,特别是穗颈瘟防治,三环唑有2种剂型,切不得搞错。不要随意加大农药的用量盲目加大药剂用量,则加大 相似文献
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利用国标方法,对北沙参栽培后期淀粉、还原糖、脂肪、蛋白质等主要营养成分含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,北沙参栽培后期,淀粉含量差异显著,而还原糖、蛋白质和脂肪差异均极显著,不同时期的产量差异亦极显著。综合分析实验的各项指标,10月中旬为北沙参的最佳采收期;另外,根据采收后去皮和不去皮两种处理的结果分析,还原糖下降很大,仅为0.8286 g/100g.,下降了91.714%,蛋白质下降了12.58%,因此,北沙参最好带皮使用。 相似文献
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在大田栽培条件下,研究了施钾量对北沙参生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,增施钾肥对北沙参株高的生长有一定的促进作用,可显著提高北沙参的叶面积系数,和在生长后期维持较高的绿叶面积,有利于北沙参根的伸长,和地上部干重、根干重的积累。因而增施钾肥可显著提高北沙参产量,同时显著提高其有效成分多糖、总皂甙含量,但是施钾量超过210 kg/hm2后产量不在显著增加,说明从施肥效益上应适量施用钾肥。 相似文献
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为了筛选对小麦条锈病具有较好防效的杀菌剂,为新疆小麦条锈病的科学防治提供依据。通过田间药效试验,采用随机区组的方法,定点调查各处理小麦条锈病发生情况,评价供试药剂对小麦条锈病的防治效果。结果表明,240 g/L氯氟醚·吡唑酯SC、19%啶氧·丙环唑SC、23%醚菌·氟环唑SC和75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG对小麦条锈病的防治效果较好,防效最高达到82.64%、77.28%、71.36%和70.93%。40%腈菌唑WP、42%苯菌酮SC、430 g/L戊唑醇SC、43%氟嘧·戊唑醇SC和48%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC对小麦条锈病的防效为61.11%~64.89%。建议在生产上推广240 g/L氯氟醚·吡唑酯SC、19%啶氧·丙环唑SC、23%醚菌·氟环唑SC、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG、40%腈菌唑WP、42%苯菌酮SC、430 g/L戊唑醇SC、43%氟嘧·戊唑醇SC和48%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC的轮换使用,有效控制小麦条锈病危害,提高粮食生产安全。 相似文献
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Robert Park Tom Fetch Dave Hodson Yue Jin Kumarse Nazari Mohinder Prashar Zacharias Pretorius 《Euphytica》2011,179(1):109-117
Surveillance of wheat rust pathogens, including assessments of rust incidence and virulence characterization via either trap
plots or race (pathotype) surveys, has provided information fundamental in formulating and adopting appropriate national and
international policies, investments and strategies in plant protection, plant breeding, seed systems, and in rust pathogen
research. Despite many successes from national and regional co-ordination of rust surveillance, few attempts were made to
extend rust surveillance to international or even global levels. The Global Cereal Rust Monitoring System was established
to address this deficiency. It is underpinned by an information platform that includes standardized protocols for methods
and systems used in surveys, preliminary virulence testing, data, sample transmission and management at the field and national
and global levels, and includes two web-based visualization tools. While considerable progress has been made towards a global
system for monitoring variability in the wheat stem rust pathogen, and linking this to the threat posed by this pathogen to
regional wheat production, some challenges remain, including ongoing commitment to support rust surveillance, and the ability
to share and compare surveillance data. 相似文献
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小麦叶锈病（leaf rust）是对小麦危害最严重的真菌病害之一,原菌群体中新致病菌类型的不断出现导致部分抗叶锈病基因的抗性功能逐步丧失,不断发掘和研究利用新抗源基因、培育种植抗病品种是控制该病害最有效的方法。周麦22在田间成株期对叶锈病表现出良好的抗性,为解析周麦22成株期抗叶锈病的遗传基础,将周麦22与铭贤169杂交构建遗传群体,获得255个F2:3家系群体,经2个年度的大田成株期抗叶锈病鉴定,并利用复合区间作图法对该群体的抗叶锈病QTL进行定位分析。结果显示,该群体成株期检测到2个抗叶锈病QTL位点,分别位于1BL和2BS染色体上,命名为QLr.hebau-1BL和QLr.hebau-2BS,分别解释9.62%~11.88%和16.89%~20.99%的表型变异,该位点对叶锈病抗性表现稳定,均来自抗病品种周麦22。初步的遗传定位结果显示,QLr.hebau-2BS可能为已知抗叶锈病基因LrZH22,而QLr.hebau-1BL是新的抗病QTL。 相似文献
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Enhanced leaf rust resistance in wheat conditioned by resistance gene pairs with Lr13 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. A. Kolmer 《Euphytica》1992,61(2):123-130
Summary Leaf rust resistance gene Lr13 is present in many North American hard red spring wheat cultivars that have shown durable resistance to leaf rust. Fifteen pair-wise combinations of Lr13 and seedling leaf rust resistance genes were developed by intercrossing near isogenic Thatcher lines. In both seedling and adult plant tests, homozygous paired combinations of specific resistance genes with Lr13 had enhanced resistance relative to either parent to rust isolates that had intermediate avirulent infection types to the additional genes. In field tests, homozygous lines were more resistant than either parent if the additional leaf rust gene conditioned an effective level of resistance when present singly. 相似文献
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2006年贵州省赫章县秋季小麦条锈病调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解中国新发现的小麦条锈病菌越夏区贵州省赫章县小麦条锈病秋季发生情况,2006年秋季笔者主要对该县古基乡、野马川镇、六曲河镇进行了调查,共调查119块地,自生麦病田率为55%,秋播小麦病田率为20.20%。古基乡发病较多,自生麦苗上有多个发病中心,有的秋播小麦田块亦呈现病叶较集中现象。在海拔1660-1910m范围内,都有小麦条锈病发生,说明当地越夏菌源能够为本地区秋苗发病提供充足菌量。对进一步研究内容进行了讨论并提出了赫章县小麦条锈病治理措施。 相似文献
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Summary Seedling and field reactions to four European races of stripe rust were determined for 254 wheat cultivars, mostly from Australia and New Zealand. Numerical analyses of the data employed a divisive classification procedure with termal reallocation to form 10 groups which were then further classified, ordinated and diagnosed by several procedures. The groups formed ranged from one comprising four wheats with low seedling reactions to all four rust strains and mean field rust of only 1.0%, to one comprising 105 wheats with high seedling reactions and mean field rust of 64.7%. Groups of cultivars with intermediate levels of rust resistance were classified both on relative level of overall rust and on differential reactions to rust strains. One group of 13 cultivars had moderately high seedling reactions but averaged only 1.5% rust in the field.Seedling response to gibberellic acid (GA) was also measured and diagnosed as an external attribute, along with grain type and region of origin. Principal co-ordinate analysis revealed that greater resistance to stripe rust was associated with the insensitivity to GA typical of semidwarf wheats and with an origin in northern Australia, where semidwarf wheats have been most used in the breeding program. In terms of numerical analysis of disease data in plant breeding programs, the study highlighted the advantages of using divisive classification with terminal reallocation of group members. 相似文献