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1.
香水菠萝叶片氮磷钾含量动态变化及其对氮磷钾肥的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以香水菠萝为试验材料,研究缓慢生长期后期至成熟期菠萝叶片氮磷钾含量的动态变化规律,以及氮磷钾肥对菠萝叶片氮磷钾含量的影响。结果表明：当缓慢生长期后期叶片氮磷钾含量处于较高水平时,至快速生长期,叶片氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势;而当缓慢生长期后期叶片氮磷钾含量处于较低水平时,至快速生长期,叶片氮含量仍呈缓慢下降趋势,但下降幅度较小,而磷钾含量则有所上升;快速生长期至中果期,叶片氮磷钾含量总体上均呈下降趋势,中果期至成熟期,则略有上升。适量增施氮、钾肥能显著提高菠萝叶片氮、钾含量,磷肥对菠萝叶片磷含量的影响则不明显。 相似文献
2.
邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量分布状况,测试了邵阳市1790个土壤样本的速效钾含量,采用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析了邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量及在县域、空间、pH组、有机质组的分布。结果表明：①邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量总体上处于偏低水平,平均值为113.75 mg/kg,变异系数为50.40%,处于适宜范围内的样本占12.01%;于邵阳县和新宁县植烟土壤速效钾含量极显著高于隆回县;③植烟土壤速效钾含量总体上呈斑块状分布态势,以植烟土壤速效钾含量100.00~130.00 mg/kg为主要分布面积;榆不同pH组的植烟土壤速效钾含量差异不显著;虞植烟土壤有机质含量在35 g/kg以下时,土壤速效钾含量有随有机质增加而增加的趋势;植烟土壤有机质含量在35 g/kg以上时,土壤速效钾含量有随有机质增加而减少的趋势。 相似文献
3.
根据2016—2018年省、市耕地质量监测点监测数据,统计分析江苏省盐城市建湖县耕地质量现状,研究农田施肥后土壤养分的变化趋势。通过3年的耕地质量监测点养分监测,结果显示,施肥对农田土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的影响较为明显,施肥区养分的含量普遍高于无肥区;施肥区耕层土壤的有机质含量基本稳定,较多无肥区有机质的含量呈现缓慢下降趋势,相应无肥区全氮的含量也呈现一定的下降趋势;施肥区有效磷的含量相对稳定,无肥区则显示出一定的下降趋势;建湖县近几年来钾肥的使用量不足,施肥区的速效钾含量与无肥区均有一定的下降趋势,但施肥明显降低了速效钾的下降幅度。农田耕层土壤的养分状况是施肥技术、种植制度及土壤田间环境条件等综合作用的结果。3年来耕层土壤的pH值、有机质含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量等变化基本上保持平稳。 相似文献
4.
姜荷花抗涝性研究初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《福建热作科技》2020,(2)
利用盆栽方法,通过人工调控土壤含水率,设置相对土壤含水量分别为60%、70%、80%、90%、100%五个水平,通过测定相对电导率、叶绿素、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(POD)活性等指标的变化,研究不同土壤水分下姜荷花生理生化变化情况。结果表明:随着相对土壤含水量的升高,姜荷花叶片的叶绿素含量、SOD、POD的活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;MDA的含量、游离脯氨酸的含量、相对电导率呈,升高趋势。总体分析,姜荷花比较适合水分含量60%～70%的土壤,抗涝性不够强。 相似文献
5.
茶叶腌制过程中亚硝酸盐和游离氨基酸含量的动态变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本实验以绿毛茶为原料进行腌制,分别对其安全性指标--亚硝酸盐含量,营养风味指标--游离氨基酸含量进行动态研究,结果发现:在3个月的腌制期间,亚硝酸盐与游离氨基酸的动态含量变化呈现相反的变化趋势;亚硝酸盐含量变化呈两度下降两度上升的总体下降趋势;游离氨基酸的含量呈三度上升三度下降的总体上升趋势.茶叶腌制后,并没有呈现一般果蔬类制品在腌制前期,亚硝酸盐含量快速上升的现象,却呈现亚硝酸盐含量总体下降的变化趋势,且远低于蔬菜<4 mg/g,酱腌菜<20 mg/g的国家安全控制标准.而游离氨基酸含量与果蔬腌制品一样呈现总体上扬的变化趋势. 相似文献
6.
邵阳烟区植烟土壤有效磷含量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解植烟土壤有效磷含量区域特征,分析了邵阳烟区1790个土壤耕层样本的有效磷含量分布状况。结果表明：①邵阳烟区耕层土壤有效磷含量处于偏高水平,平均值为25.25 mg/kg,变异系数为97.6%,处于适宜范围内的样本占27.99%;于邵阳县和新宁县耕层土壤有效磷含量极显著高于隆回县;③土壤有效磷含量有随耕层土壤pH升高而降低的趋势;榆土壤有效磷含量有随有机质提高而增加的趋势;虞土壤有效磷含量总体上有从中部分别向西南部和北部递减的分布趋势。 相似文献
7.
采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法研究华安县不同耕地土壤类型土壤氮磷钾含量及丰缺状况。结果表明：(1)土壤有机质含量为(23.74±5.06)g/kg,总体上处于较丰富水平。(2)全氮含量为(1.20±0.17)g/kg,总体处于较高水平;碱解氮为(46.57±11.19)mg/kg,属于缺乏水平。(3)全磷量(0.72±0.17)mg/kg,总体处于中等水平;有效磷含量(22.48±14.23)mg/kg,总体处于中等水平,且不同土壤类型之间有效磷差异明显。(4)全钾量(15.12±7.06)g/kg, 相似文献
8.
为了解广西山圩农场剑麻园土壤养分状况,采用常规方法,分析测定4个分场195个土壤样品。结果表明,土壤pH为4.78～8.21,平均为6.51,以中性土、弱酸性土为主,分别占47.7%、32.8%;有机质含量为14.74～45.33 g/kg,平均为25.61 g/kg,其中63.6%土壤样品处于中等水平;全氮含量为0.70～2.08 g/kg,平均为1.19 g/kg,处于中等偏低水平;土壤有效磷含量在2.348～77.524 mg/kg,变化幅度较大,平均为20.432 mg/kg,总体处于中等和中上水平;速效钾含量为25.882～681.619 mg/kg,平均为115.449 mg/kg,变化幅度较大,总体处于中等偏低水平。 相似文献
9.
海拔高度和植茶年限对茶园土壤肥力和酸度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨不同海拔高度和植茶年限对茶园土壤肥力和酸化状况的影响,通过采集闽南和闽北茶叶主产区11个代表性茶园土壤及其对照自然土壤,进行实验室测定分析。结果表明:海拔高度和植茶年限对土壤养分肥力有重要的影响;植茶土壤明显提高了土壤有机质和速效氮磷钾含量,尤其是有效磷和速效钾的含量平均是对照土壤的5.2倍和1.5倍。植茶土壤pH为4.36±0.34,比对照土壤pH值下降了8.8%;随着海拔高度增加,土壤pH下降程度减缓,但随着植茶年限增加,加剧土壤pH下降幅度。茶园土壤交换性铝含量与pH值呈现显著水平的线性负相关;随着植茶年限增加,土壤交换性铝含量呈现线性增加,促进了土壤酸化和降低了土壤肥力。研究结果为制定具有较好针对性的茶园土壤培肥技术提供参考依据。 相似文献
10.
通过对新罗区2003年268个和2010年400个稻田土样检测结果进行分析,结果表明:稻田土壤经过7a的耕作与时空变化,速效钾含量明显升高,由2003年的缺乏水平提高至中等水平;有机质含量虽略有下降,但仍在较丰富水平;全氮、有效磷含量仍维持在中等水平;乡镇之间土壤肥力不均衡,差异较大。据此提出相应的施肥建议。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献