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1.
采用野外调查和试验相结合的方法,研究了四川丘陵地区典型铁路边坡土壤酶活性的空间分布变化。结果表明:3个典型路段土壤脲酶活性随距铁轨距离的变化呈现相似的变化趋势,在距铁轨10—50 m范围内均呈现显著的降低趋势;土壤蔗糖酶活性随距离变化均较为平缓;成昆铁路的吴场段和成渝铁路的五凤段土壤蛋白酶活性随距离表现出在5—10 m范围内有一定下降,然后趋于平缓的趋势,而达成铁路的白云段土壤蛋白酶活性随距离变化幅度较大;土壤过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性在五凤段和白云段均表现出随距离增大先缓慢上升后下降的趋势,在吴场段均表现出随距离增加逐渐上升的趋势。不同路段间5种酶活性均有显著差异,吴场段5种土壤酶活性均显著低于五凤段和白云段;五凤段和白云段土壤脲酶活性无显著差异,而其他4种酶活性在某些位置有显著的差异。岩石边坡土壤酶活性随铁路运营时间以及土壤类型的不同表现出一定的差异。 相似文献
2.
植被修复对锰矿渣废弃地土壤微生物数量与酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以锰矿渣废弃地为对照地,研究了湘潭锰矿渣废弃地栾树(Koelreuteria paniclata)、杜英(Elaeocarpus de-cipens)人工混交林(修复地)对土壤微生物数量与酶活性的影响.结果表明:修复地和对照地土壤微生物以细菌数量最多,放线菌数量其次,真菌数量最少.修复地(0-60cm)土层微生物总数、细菌、真菌、放线菌数量比对照地的分别高出36.05%,43.32%,23.58%,6.54%.同一土层中,修复地微生物总数、细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均显著高于对照地(p＜0.05),同一季节.修复地微生物总数、细菌、真菌、放线菌数量也基本上高于对照地.修复地(0-60 cm)土层脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性均高于对照地.且同一土层中,修复地和对照地脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性的差异极显著(p＜0.01),0-20 cm土层蔗糖酶活性差异显著(p＜0.05).同一季节,修复地土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性均显著或极显著高于对照地(p＜0.05),蔗糖酶活性秋、冬季显著高于对照地(p＜0.05),而春季显著低于对照地(p＜0.05).土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性之间均呈正相关.且相关系数最大为0.943,最小为0.614.人工植被修复能明显提高矿渣废弃地土壤微生物数量和酶活性. 相似文献
3.
针对川中丘陵区成渝铁路的典型岩石边坡,以临近自然边坡和农田边坡为对照,研究了3种典型边坡土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性的季节变化规律.结果表明,各个季节土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性在不同类型边坡间表现出一定的差异性,且各具特点.3种边坡土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均表现出一定的季节变化规律.铁路边坡和农田边坡土壤脲酶活性均表现为1月最低,4月最高;自然边坡土壤脲酶活性则表现为7月最低,10月最高.铁路边坡和自然边坡土壤蔗糖酶活性表现为1月最低,4月和10月较高;农田边坡土壤蔗糖酶活性1月,4月和7月无明显变化,在10月出现显著上升. 相似文献
4.
以撂荒地为对照,通过测定0-20cm和20-40cm层次土样,利用统计分析方法系统研究乌兰布和沙区籽瓜、玉米、油葵和苜蓿地4种绿洲农田土壤微生物（细菌、放线菌和真菌）和土壤酶活性（蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和多酚氧化酶）特征。结果表明：（1）各农田微生物数量均为细菌（107）〉放线菌（105）〉真菌（103）,三者中,细菌数量占三大类微生物总数的99%以上;各农田表层微生物数量整体高于对照的,且表层均高于下层,但差异不显著;农田间,籽瓜地微生物数量最多;种植苜蓿可显著提升真菌数量。（2）6种酶活性中,仅蔗糖酶和脲酶在层次间和农田间存在显著差异;各农地表层蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照的;除多酚氧化酶外,苜蓿地酶活性整体较高。（3）各生物学性质相互关联,互相影响。6种酶间呈显著或极显著相关,酶活性既显专性又显共性;蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶、真菌和放线菌直接影响有机质含量的程度达85%;总体而言,乌兰布和沙区绿洲体系形成后,长期农作活动使得绿洲农田生物学性质得以改善,土壤质量整体有所提高;设法提高研究区土壤有机质含量是提高绿洲农田土壤质量和改善其生态环境的关键所在,应广种苜蓿。 相似文献
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施用玉米秸秆堆肥对盆栽芥菜土壤酶活性和微生物的影响 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
研究了施用玉米秸秆堆肥对盆栽芥菜土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照和单施无机肥相比,施用堆肥能够提高芥菜生物量,增加根际土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量,各处理微生物数量均在收获期达到最大值;同时,施用堆肥能够显著提高芥菜根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶的活性。各土壤酶在芥菜的生长期内变化趋势不同,脲酶活性在收获期达到最高;化肥与堆肥配施蔗糖酶活性在整个生长期内较稳定,其他处理均在收获期最低;过氧化氢酶活性在前期比较稳定,收获期有较大幅度下降;纤维素酶活性在旺长期较高,而苗期和收获期较低。相关性分析表明,部分土壤酶活性之间呈显著或极显著正相关;酶活性与土壤微生物数量之间呈显著或极显著正相关,表明土壤酶活性与微生物能够较好地反映土壤肥力水平。 相似文献
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嘉陵江上游不同植被恢复模式土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以嘉陵江上游水土流失定位观测站内5种植被恢复模式为研究对象,对土壤微生物、土壤酶活性以及理化性质进行了研究。结果表明:①退化生态系统进行植被恢复后土壤微生物数量明显增加,上层>下层,且随季节不同而有明显变化;②5种植被恢复模式脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均明显高于对照地,3种土壤酶活性随季节变化明显且因林分而异;③5种植被恢复模式土壤氮素的转化率除湿地松纯林外均明显高于对照地,土壤氮素转化率与3种酶均呈极显著的相关关系,与土壤中细菌、放线菌数量之间也呈正相关关系,但相关系数未达显著水平;④火烧迹地灌丛土壤养分含量最高,微生物数量最大,脲酶、蔗糖酶活性最强,土壤的结构性最好。 相似文献
7.
植生土类型对岩石边坡人工土壤理化性质和微生物活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对川中丘陵区遂渝铁路的典型岩石边坡,以临近自然边坡为对照,对来源于不同植生土类型的岩石边坡人工土壤以及自然边坡自然土壤理化性质和微生物活性的差异性进行研究。结果表明:岩石边坡人工土壤和自然边坡土壤有机碳含量、含水量、土壤颗粒分形维数和细菌数量均表现为自然边坡土=农田源植生土>岩石源植生土;土壤容重表现为岩石源植生土>自然边坡土>农田源植生土;真菌、放线菌数量以及过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均表现为自然边坡土>农田源植生土>岩石源植生土;蛋白酶和多酚氧化酶活性表现为自然边坡土>岩石源植生土>农田源植生土(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,土壤微生物数量和酶活性与土壤有机质含量、含水量、土壤颗粒分形维数和容重相关关系良好。 相似文献
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《土壤通报》2020,(1):105-114
为了解陕北黄土高原不同植被恢复类型对土壤酶活性的影响,采用完全随机区组设计田间试验的方法,以陕北黄土高原恢复19年的杏树林、沙棘林、刺槐林和草地为研究对象,以农田土壤为对照,研究不同植被恢复类型、土层和季节对土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶以及过氧化氢酶活性的影响,并对酶活性与土壤理化性质关系进行了相关分析。结果表明:土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性差异在不同人工林草地间均达到显著水平。杏树林蔗糖酶活性最高(71.15 mg g-124 h-1),沙棘林脲酶活性最高(52.29mg g-124 h-1),刺槐林过氧化氢酶活性最高(3.33 ml g-1h-1)。随着土层加深,人工林草地土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性均显著降低。过氧化氢酶活性则表现为0～10 cm最低,10～20 cm土壤过氧化氢酶活性最高。蔗糖酶、脲酶以及过氧化氢酶活性表现出显著的季节性差异,蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性夏季最高,脲酶冬季最高。土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾是影响酶活性的主要因素,其他各因子的影响相对较弱;蔗糖酶、脲酶与有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等呈正相关关系,过氧化氢酶与有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等呈负相关关系。土壤酶活性是表征植被恢复区土壤生物特性的重要指标之一。 相似文献
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稻草原位还田对双季稻田土壤理化与生物学性状的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
于2010-2011年通过大田试验研究等量施肥条件下稻草不同原位还田方式(稻草全量还田、稻草烧灰还田和稻草不还田)对双季稻田土壤理化特性和生物学性状的影响.结果表明:稻草全量还田2年(4季)有利于改善土壤物理性状和提高耕作层土壤有机质、不同形态碳素、碱解氮、速效氮和缓效钾含量.土壤中3大类微生物总量以稻草还田处理大于稻草不还田和稻草烧灰还田,其土壤细菌、真菌的数量增加,而放线菌的数量减少;土壤蔗糖酶活性明显增加,而脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性变化不大.土壤脲酶活性与土壤全氮含量呈显著相关,蔗糖酶活性与有机质、全氮含量呈显著或极显著相关,过氧化氢酶活性与全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量呈显著或极显著相关. 相似文献
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施氮量对寒区盐碱地马铃薯生育期土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用田间小区试验方法,研究了施氮量对寒区盐碱地马铃薯不同时期(播种期,幼苗期,块茎形成期,块茎增长期和淀粉积累期)的土壤微生物(细菌,真菌和放线菌)数量和土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明:与低氮(N 0 kg·hm-2)处理相比,中氮(N 90 kg·hm-2)和高氮(N 180 kg·hm-2)处理可以明显增加寒区盐碱地3类土壤微生物数量和4种土壤酶活性。随着马铃薯生长期的推进,3类微生物数量呈先上升后下降的趋势;低氮处理在幼苗期之后土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性变化无明显差异,磷酸酶活性呈降低趋势,而过氧化氢酶活性呈增加趋势;中氮和高氮处理的土壤蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性呈先增加后降低再上升的趋势,而脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性呈逐渐增加趋势。3类土壤微生物数量和4种酶活性随土壤深度的增加呈降低趋势。 相似文献
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Protecting soil structure against compaction—proposed solutions to safeguard agricultural soils To safeguard the ecological soil functions and the functions linked to human activities, measures against harmful changes to the soil are required, in line with the precautionary principle. The German Federal Soil Protection Act sets obligations for precaution in agricultural land use and, if harmful changes to the soil are foreseeable, measures for averting a danger. The results of a research project of the Federal Environmental Agency show that it is possible to describe an impairment of the soil structure, using methods of soil analysis. But this as a sole information would not qualify for the identification of harmful changes to the soil in the context of the Soil Protection Act, which requires an assessment of the severity of disruption of soil functions and the respective subject of protection. This would make additional soil investigations on site mandatory. Approaches in agricultural engineering and soil physics have introduced procedures to preserve the soil structure, in accordance with the precautionary principle. But these procedures have different goals and different ranges of application and hence offer partial solutions to safeguard against soil compaction. The assessment model of “trafficability by measuring the rut depth” provides information about the compaction status of the soil under applied conditions for farming gear, without providing detailed information about affected soil layers. The soil‐physical model of classifying soils into “risk classes for harmful soil compaction” focuses on the relationship between topsoil compaction and crop yields. The soil‐physical models “precompression stress” and “loading ratio” provide information for the assessment of subsoil compaction and a prognosis of a possible impairment of the soil structure at the water content of field capacity. It is necessary to validate the individual models with additional regional data about soil structure before a final assessment of the prognoses is made. 相似文献
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The concept of soil health has been extensively reviewed in the scientific literature, but there is only patchy and inconsistent information available to farmers and growers who are concerned about the declining condition of their soils and are looking for appropriate test methods and management interventions to help reverse it. Although there are well‐established laboratory methods for soil chemical analysis, and a range of laboratory and field methods for measuring soil physical properties, only now are methods starting to emerge for soil biological analysis. This study provides an overview of the methods that are currently available commercially (or are close to commercialization) for farmers and growers in the UK. We examine the science underpinning the methods, the value of the information provided and how farmers and advisors can use results from such assessments for informed decision‐making in relation to soil management. 相似文献
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Soil Erodibility and Physicochemical Properties of Collapsing Gully Alluvial Fans in Southern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In southern China, collapsing gully erosion produces massive deposits of sediment on the plough layer of alluvial fan farmland, leading to reduced nutrients, increased erodibility, and even desertification. The aim of this study was to investigate soil erodibility (the factor K in the universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE) and physicochemical properties of the alluvial fans of the most severe collapsing gully erosion areas (Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces) in southern China. The soils of the collapsing gully alluvial fans had a higher bulk density, but a lower total porosity, saturated water content, and silt and clay fractions than the control (CK) soils from the farmland without desertification. Soil quality gradually decreased from fan edge to fanhead. Significant decreases were found in soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and total potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, resulting in a gradual decrease in soil nutrients from the fanedge to the fanhead. Soil erodibility was greatest in the fanhead, and soil erodibility K values of the alluvial fans were 53.71%, 66.28%, 67.53%, and 71.68 % greater than that in those of the CK soils of Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong, respectively, indicating a significant correlation between the soil erodibility K values and physicochemical properties, particularly sand fraction and organic matter content. The results provide new insights into the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and erodibility of alluvial fans, and suggest that improving soil structure might increase soil fertility in the collapsing gully alluvial fan farmland. 相似文献
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土壤孔隙结构与土壤微环境和有机碳周转关系的研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
土壤结构是土壤功能的基础,不仅影响土壤养分的供应、水分的保持及渗透、气体的交换等过程,还为土壤微生物提供了物理生境,并调控土壤有机碳的周转这一关键过程。土壤的孔隙特征能够直接、真实地反映土壤结构的好坏;用土壤的孔隙特征作为试验指标能更好地反映土壤结构对这些过程的调节作用。在此基础上,将高度异质性的土壤孔隙结构同土壤微环境的变化和土壤有机碳的周转过程进行定量分析,对深入了解土壤结构在土壤生态系统中的功能至关重要。因此,着重从土壤孔隙结构对土壤微环境的影响及其与有机碳的关系两方面展开,剖析土壤孔隙结构调控作用下的土壤微环境响应过程,阐述土壤孔隙结构对土壤有机碳周转产生的直接、间接影响,强调土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转进程中的重要作用,并对土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转、植物残体分解及其与微生物协调作用机制等方面研究提出展望。 相似文献
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Depth distribution of soil wettability and its correlations with vegetation type, soil texture, and pH were investigated under various land use (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and soil management systems. Wettability was evaluated by contact angle with the Wilhelmy plate method. Water repellency was likely to be present under permanently vegetated land, but less common on tilled agricultural land. It was mostly prevalent in the topsoil, especially in coarse-textured soils, and decreased in the subsoil. However, the depth dependency of wettability could not be derived from the investigated wide range of soils. The correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that the wettability in repellent soils was affected more by soil organic carbon (SOC) than by soil texture and pH, whereas in wettable soils, soil texture and pH were more effective than SOC. Furthermore, the quality of SOC seemed to be more important in determining wettability than its quantity, as proofed by stronger hydrophobicity under coniferous than under deciduous forestland. Soil management had a minor effect on wettability if conventional and conservation tillage or different grazing intensities were considered. 相似文献
18.
设施栽培下原状土与扰动土水分特性的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以四川省双流县设施栽培土壤为研究对象,对其原状土与扰动土的土壤水分特征曲线、水分物理性质和比水容量等项目进行了研究。结果表明,扰动土水分特征曲线总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土含水量高于原状土,在高吸力阶段两者差异较小。扰动土毛管孔隙度、总孔度和凋萎含水量在剖面上的总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。扰动土不同土层田间持水量和有效水含量差异较小,原状土的田间持水量和有效水含量均随土层加深而减少。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土比水容量远高于原状土,但随土壤水吸力增加,扰动土比水容量变化趋势逐渐与原状土一致。 相似文献
19.
植物苗期根系抗侵蚀特性试验研究——以构树和顶坛花椒为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物的固土抗蚀作用大小与其根系密切相关,而根系特征决定了根的固土抗蚀作用的发挥,本文以相同基质下构树和顶坛花椒不同特征的根系为研究对象.通过研究根系特征与土壤抗冲性、抗蚀性、抗拉性、紧实度的关系,结果表明,苗期根系能强化土壤抗冲性,构树苗、顶坛花椒苗根系强化值大小分别为78.01>77.71;根系可提高土壤抗蚀性,其抗蚀性强弱为.构树苗>顶坛花椒苗>对照,构树、顶坛花椒、对照试验的土壤水稳性指数分别为4.36,3.16,1.67;不同树种根系对土壤的固结能力不同,构树苗生长下的土壤抗拉能力为214.92 N,明显大于顶坛花椒苗生长下的土壤154.87 N;土壤紧实度大小为构树苗>顶坛花椒苗.并采用加权综合指数法综合评价了苗期不同特征植物根系的固土能力强弱,得出构树苗综合指数为1.058.而顶坛花椒苗为0.902.即构树苗的固土能力强于顶坛花椒,以期为今后的水土保持工作提供一定的理论依据. 相似文献
20.
金沙江干热峡谷中退化的土壤生态系统生物学特征初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Distribution characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity were studied in the dry red soil and Vertisol ecosystems with different degradation degrees in the Yuanmou dry hot valley of the Jinsha River,China.Results showed that Hymenoptera,Araneae and Collembola were the dominant groups of soil animals in the polts studied.The numbers of groups and individuals and density of soil animals in the dry red soil series were higher than those in the Vertisol series,and the numbers of individuals and density of soil animals decreased with the degree of soil degradation.Bacteria dominated microbiococnosis not only in the dry red soils but also in the Vertisols.Microbial numbers of the dry red soil series were higher than those of Vertisol series,and decreased with the degree of soil degradation.The activities of catalase,invertase,urease and alkaline phosphatase declined with the degradation degree and showed a significant decline with depth in the profiles of both the dry red soils and the Vertisols,but activities of polyphenol oxidase and acid and neutral phosphatase showed the same tendencies only in the Vertisols.It was concluded that the characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity could be used as the bio-indicators to show the degradation degree of the dry red soils and Vertisols.Correlation among these soil bio-indicators was highly significant. 相似文献