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1.
瘤胃原虫对细菌的吞食作用是降低瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成量的重要因素。提高瘤胃内容物的稀释率可以减少原虫对细菌的吞食作用及微生物的维持能量需要,因而瘤胃水平衡对于瘤胃微生物区系、瘤胃发酵及微生物蛋白质的合成量有重要影响。本研究进行了以下几方面的工作:(1)研究瘤胃内水的来源与去路及影响水平衡的因素,探讨根据瘤胃水平衡测定绵羊唾液分泌方法;(2)研究瘤胃内灌注人工唾液对瘤胃液体平衡、瘤胃发酵及微生物蛋白质合成的影响;瘤胃液稀释率与微生物蛋白质合成之间的关系。(3)探讨在生产实际中,调控瘤胃水平衡 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2019,(24):18-24
试验旨在研究不同结构性碳水化合物(SC)与非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)比例日粮对绵羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响。选取6只体重为(54.58±2.8)kg、体况相近且装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的哈萨克绵羊作为试验动物,采用有重复的3×3拉丁方试验设计,分别饲喂SC/NSC为2.32、1.60和1.14的3种日粮,试验共3期,每期17 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期3 d,正试期内于饲喂前记为0 h,饲喂后0.5、1、2、4、8、12 h共计7个时间点采集瘤胃液样品。结果表明,饲喂不同SC/NSC日粮条件下:①瘤胃液pH值试验Ⅲ组除饲喂前0 h以外,其它时间点均极显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅰ组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。②3个试验组绵羊瘤胃液氨态氮浓度随采食后时间的延长呈先升高后降低变化趋势,采食后2 h瘤胃液氨态氮浓度达到最高;试验Ⅲ组的瘤胃液氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度均极显著高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.01),在饲喂后0.5、1、2、4、8 h,试验Ⅱ组的瘤胃液氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度均极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。③在饲喂后4 h,乙酸浓度试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅲ组相比显著升高(P<0.05),饲喂后8、12 h,试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅲ组相比极显著升高(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲喂后0.5、1、2 h,丙酸浓度试验Ⅲ组与试验Ⅰ组相比极显著升高(P<0.01),在饲喂后2 h,试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组相比差异显著(P<0.05),瘤胃液中丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸的平均浓度随日粮SC/NSC比例的降低呈升高的趋势。由此可见,随着日粮SC/NSC比例的降低,绵羊瘤胃液pH值、乙酸浓度呈降低的趋势,NH_3-N、丙酸浓度呈升高趋势,瘤胃发酵类型由乙酸型发酵为主向丙酸型发酵为主转变。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2015,(1)
选用4只3岁体质量(55±2)kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的阉公羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究纳米铜(日粮中添加量分别为0、10、20和30 mg/kg)对瘤胃液氨态氮(NH3-N)质量浓度及蛋白质质量浓度的影响。结果表明:纳米铜对瘤胃液NH3-N质量浓度影响不显著(P0.05);添加10 mg/kg时绵羊瘤胃液微生物蛋白质平均质量浓度显著高于添加30 mg/kg(P0.05),其他各组差异均不显著(P0.05)。根据试验结果推断,纳米铜添加量低于30 mg/kg时不影响绵羊瘤胃液NH3-N质量浓度及微生物蛋白质质量浓度,而纳米铜的最适添加量为10 mg/kg。 相似文献
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牛至油对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性及饲粮营养物质瘤胃降解率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究牛至油对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性和饲粮营养物质瘤胃降解率的影响。试验选用4只平均体重为(40.83±4.11) kg的4周岁新疆细毛羊×杜泊羊杂交的安装永久瘤胃瘘管的绵羊,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加牛至油),试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.015%、0.030%和0.045%牛至油的试验饲粮。试验共分为4期,每期12 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期2 d。第1天于早餐采食后2、4、6及10 h采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃液pH、挥发性脂肪酸、总氮、氨氮和尿素氮浓度,第2天利用尼龙袋法测定基础饲粮的营养物质瘤胃降解率。结果表明:1)添加牛至油对饲粮干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率均未产生显著影响(P0.05); 2)添加牛至油对各组在各时间点的绵羊瘤胃液pH、总氮、氨氮和尿素氮浓度均未产生显著影响(P0.05); 3) 0.030%和0.045%组绵羊瘤胃液4 h的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05); 0.015%组绵羊瘤胃液0、2、6 h乙酸比例显著低于其余各组(P0.05),6 h的乙酸/丙酸显著低于其余各组(P0.05),而2 h丙酸比例显著高于除了对照组外的其余各组(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加牛至油不影响饲粮营养物质的瘤胃降解率,对瘤胃氮浓度也无显著影响,但会影响瘤胃内挥发性脂肪酸浓度,以添加0.015%牛至油效果最好。 相似文献
5.
瘤胃液中存在相当数量肽 ,平均浓度可达1500mg/L ,远远高于游离氨基酸(70mg/L)。瘤胃肽主要来源于饲料蛋白 ,部分来自脱落的粘膜上皮细胞以及唾液蛋白。各种来源蛋白质经微生物降解所产生的肽段可被瘤胃微生物摄取合成微生物蛋白 ;或经瘤胃壁吸收供畜主动物组织利用 ,尚有部分则被分解生成氨、挥发性脂肪酸等。由此可见瘤胃肽代谢与动物生长密切相关。日粮蛋白可降解性影响肽生成 ,饲喂次数则改变瘤胃稀释率而影响瘤胃肽浓度。能量物质限制饲料蛋白在瘤胃中的利用以及微生物蛋白的合成也早有报道。但其与瘤胃肽代谢的关系则知之甚少。本文应用采食青干草添加鱼粉的公山羊 ,研究瘤胃、真胃分别灌注挥发性脂肪酸和葡萄糖对瘤胃肽浓度(Ruminalpeptideconcentration,PRC)和NH3-N浓度(RuminalNH3-Nconcentration,NRC)的影响。选用5只装有瘤胃、真胃导管的公山羊进行5期实验 ,各期日粮均相同 :每日饲喂(8 :00和16 :00)青干草200g ,鱼粉60g及矿物质、维生素50g。实验Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期分别经真胃灌注50g(Ⅰ期)或150g(Ⅱ期)葡萄糖 ;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期则在真胃灌注50g 葡萄糖的同时 ,瘤胃灌注等能量乙酸156g(Ⅲ期) ,丙酸108g(Ⅳ期)或丁酸90g(Ⅴ期) ,灌注液 pH调至4.8。各期灌注时间为4天 ,每天持续20h(Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期的VFA灌注 相似文献
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7.
试验选用3头体况健康,体重350 kg左右,并安装有瘤胃瘘管的鲁西黄牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,饲喂3种RDP/RUP比例分别为1.00∶1.00(A组)、1.22∶1.00(B组)、1.50∶1.00(C组)的等能等氮日粮,研究其对瘤胃内环境参数的昼夜动态变化规律的影响。结果表明:瘤胃pH受日粮RDP/RUP比值差异的影响不显著(P>0.05),A、B和C组pH变化范围分别为6.53~6.94、6.44~6.84和6.45~7.03。各组瘤胃pH均在饲喂后2~4 h达到最低值,随后逐渐上升;瘤胃液尿素氮以C组最高,A、B 2组差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组瘤胃液尿素氮在08:00饲喂后2 h达到最高值,但20:00饲喂后各组变化趋势不一致。A、B 2组瘤胃液尿素氮浓度白天较低,夜晚较高,而C组正好相反;各组瘤胃液氨氮平均浓度差异不显著(P>0.05),动态变化趋势基本相同,均在饲喂后2 h达到最高值;瘤胃微生物蛋白(MCP)平均浓度随RDP/RUP比值升高而显著提高,C组显著高于A、B 2组(P<0.05)。各组瘤胃液MCP浓度均在饲喂后2 h达到最低值。结果显示,以瘤胃液MCP浓度为衡量指标,日粮适宜的RDP/RUP比例为1.50∶1.00。 相似文献
8.
烟酸铬对西门塔尔牛瘤胃液pH值和氨态氮浓度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用4头平均体重(500±20)kg,年龄4岁,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究日粮添加烟酸铬(0、40、801、20 mg/d)对瘤胃液pH值及氨态氮浓度的影响。结果表明:日粮添加烟酸铬对瘤胃pH值无显著差异(P>0.05);80 mg/d组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度显著低于对照组,其他各组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。综合以上结果,烟酸铬适宜添加水平为80 mg/d。 相似文献
9.
丙酸是挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的标志性酸之一,本研究旨在通过冲洗瘤网胃技术探讨瘤网胃壁上皮的血流量对丙酸吸收的影响。选取8头荷斯坦泌乳奶牛为试验动物,通过外科手术装有瘤胃瘘管,以及在动脉、肠系膜、瘤胃右侧和肝门静脉装有永久导管。试验奶牛随机分为两组,一组饲喂高粗蛋白质日粮,另一组饲喂低蛋白质日粮。所有奶牛随机灌注3种缓冲溶液:丁酸、氨和对照,采用3×3不完全拉丁方设计。缓冲液(30kg)存放于一个临时的容器,冲洗瘤胃40min。初始的VFA浓度为84.2mmol/L。丁酸缓冲液灌注组,随着乙酸更换量的增加,丁酸浓度从4 mmol/L升高到36mmol/L;且氨缓冲液灌注组,随着NaCl更换量的增加,氨浓度从2.5mmol/L升高到22.5mmol/L。缓冲溶液中氧化氘(D2O)的含量分别为6、12和18g,瘤胃中D2O的消失率被用来估测上皮细胞的血流量。为了使上皮细胞血流量的估测更加准确,试验使用Cr-EDTA作为瘤胃液相指示剂,且初始和最终的缓冲液体积遵循动态模拟模型。该模型可以估测每头奶牛每种缓冲液组合(n=24)的瘤胃液流通量、剩余瘤胃液量和水分流入量(唾液和上皮细胞的水分)。结果表明,灌注丁酸缓冲液组上皮细胞的血流量比对照组提高了49%±11%。瘤胃丙酸的消失率受缓冲液的影响,且与上皮细胞的血流量变化趋势一致。瘤胃液丙酸消失率与上皮细胞血流量的相关性表明,丙酸的排出受上皮细胞血流量的限制。与氨缓冲溶液以及对照组相比,灌注丁酸缓冲溶液组丙酸的消失率分别提高了30%±12%和12.5%±8%。与对照组相比,灌注丁酸缓冲溶液组丙酸的门静脉净流量提高了32%±6%。因此,瘤胃上皮细胞的血流量与瘤胃液丙酸的消失率呈正相关,从而影响瘤胃VFA的吸收动力学。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平对内蒙古白绒山羊内源尿素氮循环和微生物蛋白质合成的影响。饲粮分为低(7.5%)、中(10.5%)和高(13.5%)3个蛋白质水平。选用9只体况良好,体重为(45.63±3.15)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,采用单因子随机区组试验设计分为3组,即中蛋白质饲粮组(对照组)、变动低蛋白质饲粮组(2 d低蛋白质饲粮—2 d高蛋白质饲粮,循环饲喂)、变动高蛋白质饲粮组(2 d高蛋白质饲粮—2 d低蛋白质饲粮,循环饲喂)。预试期16 d,正试期12 d。通过全收粪尿法、嘌呤衍生物法和同位素灌注法测定山羊氮代谢、内源尿素氮循环以及微生物蛋白质合成的变化。结果表明:1)中蛋白质饲粮组与变动蛋白质饲粮组比较,瘤胃液氨氮(NH3-N)浓度显著增加(P<0.05),粪氮、尿氮排出量显著增加(P<0.05),沉积氮/摄入氮显著降低(P<0.05),尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量和微生物蛋白质合成的量显著降低(P<0.05);2)变动低蛋白质饲粮组与变动高蛋白质饲粮组比较,瘤胃液NH3-N浓度显著降低(P<0.05);3)周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平后,进入胃肠道的尿素氮/肝脏合成的内源尿素氮显著增加(P<0.05),进入尿中的尿素氮/肝脏合成的内源尿素氮显著减少(P<0.05),返回鸟氨酸循环的尿素氮/进入胃肠道的尿素氮显著减少(P<0.05),用于再合成的尿素氮/进入胃肠道的尿素氮显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,周期性变动饲粮蛋白质水平有利于提高内蒙古白绒山羊氮利用率和微生物蛋白质合成量。 相似文献
11.
Abdel Nasir M. A. FADEL ELSEED 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):411-415
The effect of ammonia (AS) and urea‐calcium hydroxide (US) treated rice straw as a sole diet on the voluntary intake, digestibility of feed components, nitrogen retention, rumen parameters and microbial nitrogen yield of Suffolk ewes, were compared in a double 2 × 2 latin square design. The digestibility of feed components was not differed in sheep offered either AS or US. Dry matter intake was higher in AS (28 g/kg BW0.75) than US (22 g/kg BW0.75). Although there was high nitrogen intake in sheep given AS diet, this did not result in higher nitrogen retention compared with US diet. No difference was observed in purine derivatives or microbial nitrogen supply between the two groups. The rumen ammonia‐N of sheep offered AS or US exhibited a similar trend in diurnal change with the peak at 1.5–2.5 h after feeding and decline gradually thereafter. However, volatile fatty acid production peaked at approximately 8 h after evening feed and then steadily declined. AS and US diets led sheep to lose weight. In conclusion, urea‐calcium hydroxide treated straw can be used for sheep as an alternative to ammonia treated straw. Without supplementation, ammonia or urea‐calcium hydroxide treated straw was not sufficient even for the maintenance of sheep. 相似文献
12.
对4只4×4拉丁方设计中的绵羊，分别用PEG（聚乙二醇）和CrEDTA（乙二胺四乙酸铬）两种液相标记物同时测定了瘤胃液稀释率和瘤胃液体积。结果表明，两种方法测得的瘤胃液稀释率之间或瘤胃液体积之间存在极显著（P＜0．01）或显著（P＜0.05）相关关系。但用两种方法测得的瘤胃液稀释率或瘤胃液体积之间差异极显著（P＜0．01）或显著（P＜0．05）。用PEG法测得的两指标均高于用CrEDTA法测得的结果。 相似文献
13.
本试验旨在研究绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫蛋白质分解代谢相关酶活力及谷氨酸脱氢酶体系的米氏常数(Km)值,为解释绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫蛋白质分解代谢特征提供酶学依据。选用6只1岁左右安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国美利奴(新疆型)绵羊[平均体重为(32.00±1.36)kg],饲喂精粗比为30∶70的饲粮,依次采集饲喂前(0 h)和饲喂后1.5、3.0、6.0、9.0、12.0 h 6个时间点的瘤胃液,重复采集3次。分离和制备细菌、原虫破碎液,分别测定相关酶活力及谷氨酸脱氢酶体系的Km值。结果显示:1)绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫破碎液中蛋白酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶的活力随饲喂时间的延长均呈现先升高后降低的动态变化规律,总体在饲喂后1.5 h达到峰值;谷氨酸和氨含量也呈现相似的变化规律。原虫破碎液中参与蛋白质分解代谢的这4种酶的活力在各时间点均极显著高于细菌(P0.01)。2)原虫破碎液谷氨酸含量极显著高于细菌(P0.01);原虫破碎液氨含量在1.5、6.0、9.0和12.0 h显著或极显著高于细菌(P0.05或P0.01)。3)绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)的Km值分别为2.60×10~(-7)、1.48×10~(-7)mol/L;细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对谷氨酸的Km值分别为8.41×10~(-6)、4.91×10~(-6)mol/L;细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的Km值分别为3.80×10~(-8)、2.70×10~(-8)mol/L;细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对α-酮戊二酸的Km值分别为1.16×10~(-6)、2.07×10~(-6)mol/L;细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对氨的Km值分别为2.97×10~(-5)、1.40×10~(-5)mol/L。结果提示,总体上,绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫中蛋白酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶的活力在饲喂后1.5 h达到峰值,之后逐渐降低;绵羊瘤胃原虫中蛋白酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶的活力均极显著高于细菌,原虫中蛋白质分解代谢更旺盛;瘤胃原虫中不仅存在谷氨酸转氨机制,还可能存在利用氨重新合成氨基酸的机制。 相似文献
14.
The estimation of utilizable amino acids (uAA) of feeds for ruminants using an in vitro incubation technique 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The in vitro incubation technique of Zhao and Lebzien (2000; Arch. Anim. Nutr. 53, 293-302) was used for the estimation of utilizable amino acids (uAA) (sum of amino acids from undegraded feed protein and microbial protein, when N is not limiting) of feeds for ruminants. The rumen fluid from a cow fed only with hay (Expt. 1) and that from a sheep fed with a mixed ration (Expt. 2) was compared with respect to estimation of uAA. In Expt. 1, 30 feeds and feed mixtures were tested and in Expt. 2, 33 feeds and feed mixtures were tested. A close linear relationship was found between the utilizable crude protein (uCP=undegraded feed protein + microbial protein) (X, g/kg) calculated from in vivo experiments and the uAA (Y, g/kg) estimated from in vitro incubations both in Expt. 1: y= 0.95 x-1.39, r2=0.85, p<0.001,n=30; and in Expt. 2: Y=0.85X-6.67,r2= 0.85,p<0.001,n=33. Statistical analysis indicates that there was a significant regressive relationship between uAA determined with the rumen fluid of a sheep (X, g/kg) and uAA determined with the rumen fluid of a cow (Y, g/kg): Y=1.06X+12.4,r2= 0.80,p<0.001,n=27. The results indicate that the in vitro incubation technique of Zhao and Lebzien (2000) can be used for the estimation of uAA of feeds for ruminants. As a rumen-fistulated cow is more expensive than a rumen-fistulated sheep, it is suggested to use a sheep fed a mixed ration as the donor of rumen fluid for the estimation of uAA of feeds with in vitro incubation. Further experiments should be performed to standardize the method and to test the most valid length of the incubation period. 相似文献
15.
Six steers (288.6 +/- 2.1 kg of BW) fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulas were used in a crossover design to evaluate intake, rumen fermentation, and site of nutrient digestion of freshly clipped, endophyte-infected (E+) Kentucky 31 tall fescue with or without soybean hull (SH) supplementation at 0.60% of BW (OM basis). Steers were placed in metabolism units within an environmentally controlled room and provided with free-choice access to fresh forage, water, and a vitamin/mineral supplement. The spring growth of E+ tall fescue was harvested daily during the experiment. Supplement was fed at 0700 with approximately 65% of the estimated daily forage. To maintain a fresh forage supply, additional forage was stored in a cooler and fed at 1900. Periods were 21 d with 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of digesta sample collection. Chromic oxide was used as a marker of duodenal digesta flow. Duodenal samples were taken 4 times daily with times shifting by 1 h each day to represent all 24 h of a day. Treatments were considered significant at P < 0.05. Supplementation of SH decreased forage OM intake from 1.64 to 1.41% of BW but increased total OM intake from 1.64 to 2.01% of BW. Apparent percentages (53.1%) and quantities (2,786 g/d) of rumen OM disappearance were not affected by supplementation. Percentages of total tract OM disappearance were not different (70.8%). Percentages of apparent rumen NDF disappearance also were not different (65.6%). Percentages of N disappearance were not different. Supplementation of SH resulted in increased total N (34.1 g/d) and microbial N (17.1 g/d) flowing to the duodenum. Rumen pH (6.5) was not affected, and rumen ammonia concentrations exhibited a time x treatment interaction in which SH decreased ammonia for 12 h after supplementation. Total VFA concentrations (103.9 mM) were unaffected. Liquid dilution rate (12.7%/h) and rumen OM fill (4.3 kg) were not different between treatments. Supplementation of SH at a rate of 0.60% of BW (OM basis) to calves consuming fresh E+ tall fescue decreased forage consumption but resulted in greater total intake, greater flow of N to the duodenum, and increased total tract OM disappearance. 相似文献
16.
The negative effect of pH on rumen microbial fermentation has been associated with the total amount of time that pH is below a certain threshold. However, not only the time, but also the magnitude of the pH reduction, is important. Eight 1,325-mL dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used in 2 replicated periods to determine the effect of the magnitude of pH reduction (5.6 vs. 5.1) during 4 h/d on rumen microbial fermentation. Fermenters were maintained at a constant temperature (38.5 degrees C) and fed 97 g/d of a 60:40 forage:concentrate diet (19.2% CP, 29.0% NDF, and 18.2% ADF, DM basis), and the solid and liquid dilution rates were controlled at 5.0 and 10.0%/h, respectively. Treatments were a constant pH 6.4 (H), 4 h/d at pH 5.6 (L), 4 h/d at pH 5.1 (VL), and 2 h/d at pH 5.1 and 2 h/d at pH 7.1 (HL). Relative to H, L did not affect OM and NDF digestion, the VFA profile, NH(3)-N concentration, CP degradation, or the flow of dietary N. In contrast, VL tended (P < 0.10) to reduce true OM digestion, reduce the NDF digestibility and the acetate and branch-chained VFA proportions, and increase the propionate proportion. Compared with H, VL reduced the CP degradation and the flow of dietary N. Relative to H, treatment HL did not affect OM and NDF digestibility, the acetate proportion, CP degradation, or the flow of dietary N but increased the propionate proportion and decreased the branch-chained VFA proportion and NH(3)-N concentration. There were no differences among treatments in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, the flow of bacterial N, or the flow of essential and nonessential AA. In summary, fermentation was not affected by either 4 h/d at pH 5.6 or fluctuating pH between 5.1 (2 h/d) and 7.1 (2 h/d), but when pH was at 5.1 for 4 h/d, rumen microbial fermentation was modified, suggesting that effects of low pH on rumen microbial fermentation are dependent on the magnitude of the pH decrease. 相似文献
17.
The aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of rumen digesta flow parameters on effective degradability (EDG) and microbial nitrogen (MBN) yield in sheep fed diets of identical provision of both metabolizable energy and rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN). Ruminal degradation parameters of early‐harvested perennial ryegrass hay (EH), late‐harvested perennial ryegrasses hay (LH) and winter sown barley straw (BS) were determined by a nylon bag technique. Subsequently, three experimental diets (EHD, LHD and BSD) were formulated using the tested forages, sucrose and urea as supplements. An in vivo feeding study was conducted using four rumen cannulated sheep in a partial Latin square design. Digestibility, rate constants of rumen particle breakdown and passage, ruminal fermentation parameters and MBN supply to the small intestine were determined. Animals thoroughly consumed the forages fed at a restricted level. Digestion coefficients were greater for EHD than for LHD and were lowest for BSD (P < 0.05). The rate constant of large particle breakdown was 4.3, 5.9 and 6.7 %/h, respectively, and small particle passage was 5.3, 4.7 and 6.3 %/h for EHD, LHD and BSD, respectively. The estimates differed (P < 0.05) between the diets. The overall passage rate constant of total rumen particles was estimated to be higher for BSD than that for EHD or LHD (P < 0.05). Ruminal fermentation parameters were unaffected by dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Intake levels of rumen degradable organic matter (RDOM) and RDN were estimated to be greater for LHD than that for EHD or BSD (P < 0.05). Although dietary arrangements were made to give identical microbial efficiency, the estimated value was higher for EHD than that for LHD or BSD (P < 0.05); and the MBN yield for BSD was estimated to be lower than that for EHD or LHD (P < 0.05). Rumen kinetic parameters of degradation and particle flow of forage affected EDG values and MBN yield from forage‐related RDN intake, although those had little effect on the efficiency of MBN yield from forage‐related RDOM intake. 相似文献
18.
Effect of feeding frequency on bacterial and fungal concentrations, pH, and other parameters in the rumen. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Three sheep were fed a pelleted high-roughage diet either once, 6, or 24 times per day in a 3 x 3 Latin square trial. During each 21-d period, 14 d were allowed for adaptation followed by a 7-d collection period, in which samples for microbial counts were taken on d 1 and 5 and several rumen parameters were measured on d 2 and 6. Bacterial concentrations were not different between feeding frequencies on the first sampling day but were higher (P < 0.05) on the second sampling day when the sheep were fed 24 times a day. Fungal concentrations were not different among feeding frequencies on either sampling day. No effects of feeding frequency were observed for the concentration of cellulolytic bacteria or fungi. On d 2, ruminal volume was larger (P < 0.05) with six feedings than with one feeding and fluid volume turnover was greater (P < 0.05) when sheep were fed 24 times per day. Rumen pH values were higher (P < 0.01) on both d 1 and 5 when the sheep were fed once a day and the percentage of rumen dry matter was highest (P < 0.02) with 24 feedings. These findings would suggest that if the same amount of a given diet is fed daily, the number of feedings does not markedly affect microbial concentrations, rumen volume, or liquid turnover time. 相似文献
19.
Eight rumen-fistulated steers were randomly assigned to medium- and high-concentrate diets supplemented with 0, .75, 2.5 and 5% of either sodium bicarbonate or an artificial saliva salts mixture. Each animal was fed for 21 d at 75 g dry matter/kg body weight . 75. Rates of soybean meal (SBM) degradation were predicted by adjusting digestion rates in nylon bags with respective passage rates of chromium-mordanted SBM particles. Measures of rumen fermentation were made during the incubation period. Liquid dilution rate was determined with 51Cr-EDTA. The high-concentrate diet produced higher (P less than .05) liquid dilution rates than the medium-concentrate diet, but there were no differences in response to the two buffers (P greater than .05). The liquid dilution rates averaged across diets for 0, .75, 2.5 and 5% levels of buffer were 6.2, 6.3, 8.5 and 8.7%/h (SE = .03) and passage rates for SBM were 5.2, 5.2, 6.5 and 6.7%/h (SE = .025). The 2.5 and 5% levels of buffer increased the rate of disappearance of SBM from the nylon bags and buffers fed at these levels also increased rumen pH and NH3-N concentration. Rumen pH was correlated with N disappearance from the nylon bag (r = .903, P less than .05). Buffer levels did not affect degradation rates of SBM. 相似文献
20.
应用羊粪液取代瘤胃液两级离体消化试验的探索 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用羊粪液法和瘤胃液法两级离体消化试验的配对比较,通过七次不同日期所做的配对试验,测得同一种标准苜(?)草粉干物质消化率平均值分别为56.40±1.78％和56 64±3.53％,两音差异,(?)著、P>0.05)。测得32种饲草的干物质消化率平均值(?)为52.54±10.16％和50 12±10.74％,差异亦不显著(P>0.05)。瘤胃液法测草消化率(Y)和羊粪液测得相应结果(X)呈高度相关(r 0.97,P<0.01)。它(?)回归方程为:Y=1.022x-0.598 n=32,RSD=2.77。上述结果可为羊粪(?)的体外消化试验的完善和应用提供参考。 相似文献