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1.
Adenosine 5'-diphosphate pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key enzyme governing starch synthesis and is regarded as an important determinant of the sink activity of the sweet potato root. In this study, assuming that the expression of AGPase is under the direct or indirect control of sucrose, we investigated the effect of exogenous injection of sucrose solution into a plant on the activity of AGPase and tuberous root production. Sucrose solutions of 6 and 12 %, and distilled water as the control, were injected into the top of the shoot. The application of sucrose solution was effective in increasing tuberous root production and increasing the ratio of tuberous root weight to total root weight in a plant. AGPase activity in roots was enhanced by about 25 % by injecting sucrose solution. These results suggest that AGPase and sink activities are controlled by sucrose transported from the leaves. To increase sweet potato production effectively, AGPase activity and sink function must be enhanced, and so a genetic and physiological improvement in photosynthetic function or sucrose productivity in the leaves is necessary to increase AGPase activity in sink organs.  相似文献   

2.
北方区试中甘薯农艺和品质性状的相关性及主成分分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
为了了解影响甘薯产量和品质各性状间的相关性及主次关系,应用多元统计方法,分析了北方区试中农艺和品质性状的相关性及主成分关系。结果表明：在对农艺性状与产量的相关性分析中,干率和淀粉率均与淀粉产量呈显著正相关,茎粗和大中薯率与薯干产量均呈显著正相关,大中薯率与鲜薯产量呈显著正相关;主成分分析表明,对淀粉产量和薯干产量贡献最高的主成分中的性状为大中薯率、茎粗和黑斑病抗病指数,贡献率分别为29.67%和30.13%;而对鲜薯产量影响最大的主成分中的性状为大中薯率和根腐病病情指数,贡献率为30.71%。通过对品质性状间的相关性分析表明,淀粉含量与还原糖含量、可溶性糖含量、甜度之间呈极显著负相关关系,粗蛋白含量与可溶性糖和还原糖之间存在弱负相关关系。而品质性状间的主成分分析表明,对甘薯品质贡献最大的主成分中的性状为还原糖、可溶性糖和蒸煮后的甜度,贡献率为59.12%;第二主成分为粗蛋白含量和蒸煮后粘度性状,贡献率为23.75%。总之,农艺性状对影响不同产量目标形成的侧重点不同,甜、糯性状是影响甘薯品质的主要性状。  相似文献   

3.
The direct and indirect contributions of root characters — root length, roots/plant, fresh and dry root weight on grain yield/plant were worked out from a 7 × 7 diallel set of rice hybrids. The materials were grown in pots with four replications. Path analysis was done at genotypic level of correlation.
The grain yield/plant showed positive correlation with all the root characters in parent, F1 and F2 except with roots/plant in F1 population. Fresh root weight demonstrated positive direct effect on grain yield/plant in all the three generations. Roots/plant had highly positive direct effect in F2. Direct effects were negative in respect of root length and dry root weight in F2 generation.  相似文献   

4.
套作条件下种植密度对紫色甘薯干物质生产的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了研究川中丘陵区旱地套作条件下种植密度对紫色甘薯干物质生产的影响,在与玉米套作条件下,以鲜食型紫色甘薯品种‘南紫薯008’为材料,设置5个种植密度,测定紫色甘薯叶面积指数、群体生长率、群体光合势、干物质积累、产量等指标。结果表明：在套作条件下,随着种植密度的增加,‘南紫薯008’群体叶面积指数有升高的趋势,群体生长率、群体光合势、商品薯率、干物质率、鲜薯产量、淀粉产量均呈先升后降的趋势,而单株结薯数、单株薯鲜重则下降,群体干物质积累量和T/R则随生育期的推进不同密度间表现有所差异。公顷种植密度在3.5×104~4.0×104株时,群体干物质积累量、鲜薯产量、淀粉产量和商品薯率均较高。套作条件下‘南紫薯008’最高鲜薯产量为11816.9 kg/hm2,约为其净作产量的42.6%~53.1%。川中丘陵区旱地套作条件下紫色甘薯适宜的种植密度为3.5×104~4.0×104株/hm2。  相似文献   

5.
In potato, dry matter (DM) production and partitioning between plant organs and N accumulation are affected by N application; however, since cultivars differ in these processes, N fertilization must be adjusted to each cultivar. This paper studies the response of potato cultivars differing in maturity to N fertilization in the south-east of the Buenos Aires Province (37°45'S, 58°18'W) in two growing seasons. Treatments combined four N doses (0–180 kg ha−1) and four cultivars: Jaerla (early), Spunta (mid-early), Mailén INTA (medium late) and Huinkul MAG (late). DM and N content were measured in leaves, stems and tubers throughout the growing season and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation was regularly assessed. There was an increase in tuber yield up to intermediate N doses (60 kg ha−1 in 1990 and 120 kg ha−1 in 1991). Tuber yield was similar for Spunta and Huinkul MAG. There was no interaction between cultivar and N fertilization for tuber dry matter yield. DM partitioning to leaves and tubers during the growing season differed among cultivars, but N availability affected partitioning similarly for all cultivars. Jaerla had a high and Huinkul MAG had a low radiation use efficiency between plant emergence and the beginning of tuber formation. Jaerla, Spunta and Mailén INTA reached maximum N content in foliage at ≈60 days after emergence and Huinkul MAG 20 days later. Total N content at maturity varied between 120 and 250 kg ha−1 and was affected by cultivar and N dose. The results will help to improve N fertilization recommendations and management practices as related to each cultivar under the environmental conditions of this region.  相似文献   

6.
Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tillage (ploughing followed by one rotary hoeing (CT), rotary hoeing (MT) and no-tillage (NT)) and type of fertilization (NP 154/75 kg ha−1, digested farmyard manure 30 t ha−1) on growth (biomass and roots), N-accumulation and nodulation of vetch plants (Vicia sativa cv. Alexander) at different stages. The highest dry matter yields and root weight were determined for the NT and the lowest for the CT systems. The NT system promoted nodulation of vetch plants to a higher degree than the MT and CT systems. At the time just before harvesting, the N-accumulation in the above ground plants, was 54.3 for CT, 76.7 for MT, and 109.0 kg ha−1 for NT, and the corresponding values at roots were 73.3, 112.0 and 173.3 kg ha−1. Growth and nodulation of vetch plants was in general much better on farmyard manure plots than it was with the NP fertilization. The closest correlation coefficients between dry matter of biomass and roots on the one hand, and number of nodules and percentage N in roots on the other, were found with NT. The highest correlation between nodulation and percentage N in roots (r = 0.91***) was observed at the 128-days-old vetch plants. The highest correlation between the number of nodules and percentage N in biomass (r = 0.82**) was found at the beginning of the plants' flowering period. *, **, *** indicate significance at P = 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively.  相似文献   

7.
Plants of maize ( Zea mays L.), spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and broad bean ( Vicia faba L.) were raised in tubes filled with a soil-sand mixture and supplied with nutrient solution. The nutrient supply was varied with regard to concentration and typ of compound of "N". Due to the relatively high concentrations of "N", dry matter of shoots and roots was reduced in comparison to the control; root morphology was affected in terms of root length and root thickness. The N-compounds, used in the experiment, exerted quantitatively different influences on dry matter production and root morphology, NH4NO3 being the N-form which had the weakest detrimental effects. There was no specific response to NH+4 or NO−3 but a strong influence could be shown for NH4Cl and NaNO3. Probably not only the concentration of "N" and the form of "N" have a specific influence, but also the cations and anions associated with the N-containing ion are effective.  相似文献   

8.
不同种植模式下根系分泌物对玉米生长及产量的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
为探究大豆和甘薯的根系分泌物对玉米生长及产量的影响,通过盆栽根系分泌物吸附试验,研究了不同活性炭处理方式对玉米/大豆(B1)、玉米/甘薯(B2)及玉米净作(B3)3种种植模式下玉米光合特性、荧光参数及生物产量的变化规律。结果表明:加活性炭处理(A1)较未加活性炭处理(A2)抑制了玉米生长,但玉米产量差异不显著。加活性炭时,由于根系分泌物被吸附,玉米的光合速率、荧光参数和产量在各种植模式之间差异不显著;未加活性炭时,大豆的根系分泌物促进玉米生长和提高玉米产量,甘薯的根系分泌物抑制玉米生长和降低玉米产量,B1处理下玉米的根干重、根系活力、净光合速率和子粒干重比B3处理分别高15.81%、53.20%、19.94%和60.84%,而B2处理则比B3处理分别低19.92%、4.33%、16.96%和24.32%。  相似文献   

9.
选用结薯数差异显著的甘薯品种商薯19和济徐23,于2013年和2014年分别在大田和盆栽条件下调查生长前期根系生长发育情况,测定根叶糖组分,分析其变化规律及其与单株有效薯块数形成的关系。结果表明,与济徐23相比较,商薯19发根缓苗迅速,整个生长前期均较为侧重吸收根系建成,且秧苗栽后15 d和30 d地上部和整个根系生物量比值(T/TR)相似;而济徐23较早完成不定根的发生(秧苗栽后15 d)和不定根向块根的分化建成(秧苗栽后30 d),封垄期（秧苗栽后45 d）具有较小的地上部和块根生物量比值(T/SR)。2个品种在生长前期根叶中蔗糖、己糖代谢和贮藏糖类多聚物的形成具有显著差异,其中商薯19整个生长前期比济徐23的根系蔗糖/己糖比率显著低,在块根分化建成过程中根叶间具有较高的蔗糖浓度梯度,且根系中存在2种低果聚糖(蔗果三糖和蔗果四糖),秧苗栽后30、45 d叶片淀粉含量显著低;而济徐23在块根分化建成过程中根系仅有蔗果四糖,且与商薯19比,封垄期根系蔗糖/可溶性总糖比率相似而根系蔗糖/淀粉比率显著低。2013年和2014年的大田试验均表明,封垄期商薯19具有显著多的单株有效薯块数和显著高的单株有效薯块鲜重(F=10.71,P=0.0170;F=13.97,P=0.0212),而收获时商薯19具有显著多的单株有效薯块数和显著高的块根产量(F=353.89,P<0.0001;F=88.94,P<0.0001),济徐23具有显著高的平均单薯鲜重(F=10.32,P=0.0124)。  相似文献   

10.
The effects of supraoptimal root-zone temperature (30 °C) on growth and development of roots were investigated in water and soil culture with cuttings of two potato clones DTO-2 (heat tolerant) and LT-1 (heat sensitive) at different plant ages, with different compositions of the nutrient solution, and different light intensities. It is suggested that the negative relation between cutting age and heat susceptibility observed in our experiments, is a reflection of the decreasing shoot/root dry weight ratio rather than of age. Heat damage of root systems increased with the concentration of the nutrient solution, nitrate being the main factor responsible. The influence of light intensity on temperature mediated restriction of root growth was relatively small. However the roots of plants grown under low light intensity (60 W m−2 PAR) appeared to be less stressed by supraoptimal temperature, i.e. roots appeared brighter, thinner and more ramified than plants growing at high light intensity (190 W m−2).  相似文献   

11.
Root development of sugar beet plants on a sandy loess site with regard to nitrogen nutrition.
Root development of sugar beet plants in a sandy loess soil (Haplic Phaeozem) was observed from the early seedling stage up to harvest by measuring at first the greatest vertical and lateral extension of the root systems of single plants and later the rooting density of the whole plant stands (auger method, profile wall method).
During the seedling stage not only the subsoil, but also large parts of the topsoil between the plants remained unoccupied by the root systems. In this phase the greatest lateral extension of single roots reaches nearly the length of the greatest leaf of the plant. With the closure of the canopy the rooting density in the topsoil accounts to 1–2 cm cm−3.
In summer roots penetrate to a depth of 100–150 cm with rooting densities of 0.1 to 1 cm - cm−3. Thus, the plants gain not only access to water reserves, but sometimes meet remarkable amounts of nitrate which under the relatively dry conditions of the region tends to accumulate in 60–120 cm depth and – when taken up by the beet plants in the late stage of growth – affects crop quality negatively.  相似文献   

12.
Cassava is predominantly an upland crop that is also cultivated in inland valley swamps (IVS). Identifying physiological traits that can withstand excess moisture stress can aid in the selection and use of stable cassava cultivars in IVS. Three cassava cultivars were evaluated for growth and yield in the upland and IVS ecologies in the 1993–94 crop seasons using a randomized complete block design. In the upland, 80/40 outyielded 87/29 and 'coco', while in the IVS, 87/29 had the highest yield. Highest yielding cultivars in each ecology also had the highest tuberous root bulking rate (TBR), dry matter (DM) production, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate, net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index, leaf production rate and leaf life. Positive correlations between these parameters and tuberous root yield were noted. High yield of 87/29 in IVS was partly due to its low tuberous root rotting. High root rotting in 80/40 was partly as a result of the greater depth of tuberous roots in the soil (0.3–0.6 m) as compared to the other cultivars (0.15–0.3 m) where roots were in contact with stressful water levels earlier than others. The yield and yield components, growth and leaf characters were all drastically reduced when the cultivars were grown in IVS as compared to upland. For example, root yields of 'coco', 87/29 and 80/40 were reduced by 53 %, 60 % and 92 %, respectively, in IVS. Selection of cassava cultivars with longer leaf life and leaf area maintenance leading to high CGR, TBR, NAR and harvest index (in IVS and upland), coupled with a shallow tuberous root formation zone (in IVS) can give higher root and leaf yields in the two ecologies.  相似文献   

13.
During a complex investigation programme on the evaluation of the long-term ecological impact of cropping Miscanthus , the substrate composition of residues in 4–8-year-old stands of Miscanthus × giganteus and the contribution of Miscanthus residues to soil organic matter (SOM) were investigated. Only about 50 % of the above-ground biomass produced yearly was suitable for harvest because of pre-harvest losses and harvesting residues. The potential supply to SOM was therefore 3.1 t ha−1 carbon annually accumulated by the litter, and 9.1 t ha−1 carbon accumulated by rhizomes and roots in the long term. These organic residues mineralized differently in laboratory experiments at generally high rates of decomposition. Analysis of soluble portions of the organic substance of these biomass components by hydrolysis with hot water, 2 % HCl and 80 % H2SO4 confirmed the results. Setting the SOM effect of an equivalent farmyard-manure (FYM) supply to 100 %, Miscanthus residues reached 60 % (stubble, rhizomes), 80–90 % (pre-harvest losses) and 100 % (roots). Established Miscanthus stands are able to produce about 8.2 t ha−1 organic substance, which is comparable with FYM in terms of SOM impact. This kind of calculation showed higher values for Miscanthus than for the agricultural crops investigated to date. An SOM increase of about 0.5 % on sandy soils and 0.2 % on silt soil was determined after 6–8 years of cropping Miscanthus × giganteus .  相似文献   

14.
Development of hybrids between white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) and Trifolium nigrescens provides a novel route for genetically improving the reproductive capacity of white clover, provided the hybrids are agronomically viable, particularly with respect to N2 fixation. A comparative study of growth and rates of N2 fixation over 21 days was conducted with the parental species, F 1 hybrids and backcross hybrids, in flowing solution culture, without a supply of mineral N to the plants. T. nigrescens was unable to fix N2 in association with the strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. trifolii selected for inoculation. Rates of N2 fixation per plant increased in the order T. nigrescens < F 1 hybrid < T. repens < backcross 1. Specific rates of N2 fixation (days 0–21) increased in the order T. nigrescens < F 1 hybrid < backcross 1 <  T. repens . Dry matter production and nodule biomass per plant increased at a higher rate in backcross 1 hybrids than in T. repens. The results suggest that the potential for N2 fixation by backcross 1 hybrids is at least as great as that by T. repens .  相似文献   

15.
The effects of exposure in the vegetative phase of growth to 5- or 10-day spells of soil drought (30% field water capacity) on assimilation, dissimilation and accumulation of 14C and on dry matter growth were studied in two maize hybrids, nos. 8344 and 8388 (Garst Seed Co.) of high and low drought tolerance. Under control water regime in soil there was no difference in 14CO2 uptake and dry matter growth between hybrids. After five days of drought 14CO2 assimilation dropped by about 75% referred to unit weight of dry matter in hybrid 8344 and by 56% in hybrid 8388. After 10 days of drought 14CO2 assimilation rate was reduced by 75% in both hybrids. Soil drought increased the 14C dissimilation. There were no significant differences between hybrids in all treatments, with the exception of 5 days drought; after this treatment the dissimilation rate of hybrid 8344 was higher than that of 8388. Changes of translocation of 14C and its accumulation in particular organs occurred in drought treated plants; the amount of 14C accumulated in roots of plants of hybrid 8344 increased, while that of hybrid 8388 decreased. Changes of 14C accumulation in roots were positively correlated to changes of dry matter of those organs. One day after 10 days of drought assimilation and dissimilation rates in both hybrids were about 60% of controls.  相似文献   

16.
Allometric relationship (W1=αW2β, where α and β are the parameters) was fitted among growth components in two maize cultivars viz., Decani hybrid and Deccan 101 in order to obtain estimates of other components of the plant system which are time consuming measurements. The results of the agronomic field trial conducted at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore were used. This model's predictability was compared with linear regression model. In both the cultivars, allometric model using leaf area (LA - W2.) and leaf dry matter (LDM - W2) simulated total dry matter production (DMP - W2) by 79 to 98 % of actual values. Further allometric model fitted well to predict stem dry matter by 91 to 93 % using LDM and LA 89 to 92 % using LDW. Whereas linear regression model estimated total DMP by 95 to 96 % using cob dry matter. In case of LDM - LA association, linear regression model was found to be the best than other model. The leaf area decreased after silking in both the cultivars and the ratio of growth rates of DMP – LA ( β 2) was negative. Between cultivars, cv. Deccan 101 had higher R2 values in most of the relationships than cv. Deccan hybrid indicating the varietal difference.  相似文献   

17.
Understanding the influence of growth temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) on seed quality in terms of seed composition, subsequent seedling emergence and early seedling vigour is important under present and future climates. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of elevated temperature and CO2 during seed-filling of parent plants on seed composition, subsequent seedling emergence and seedling vigour of red kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ). Plants of cultivar 'Montcalm', were grown at daytime maximum/nighttime minimum sinusoidal temperature regimes of 28/18 and 34/24 °C at ambient CO2 (350 μmol mol−1) and at elevated CO2 (700 μmol mol−1) from emergence to maturity. Seed size and seed composition at maturity and subsequent per cent emergence, early seedling vigour (rate of development) and seedling dry matter production were measured. Elevated CO2 did not influence seed composition, emergence, or seedling vigour of seeds produced either at 28/18 or 34/24 °C. Seed produced at 34/24 °C had smaller seed size, decreased glucose concentration, but significantly increased concentrations of sucrose and raffinose compared to 28/18 °C. Elevated growth temperatures during seed production decreased the subsequent per cent emergence and seedling vigour of the seeds and seedling dry matter production of seed produced either at ambient or elevated CO2.  相似文献   

18.
Effects of 10 years of Miscanthus cultivation on different properties of mineral soil in North-east Germany
The effects of 4–10 years of Miscanthus cultivation on different soil properties was investigated at Klein Markow (Mecklenburg-Pommerania, Germany) in variants with and without Miscanthus between 1994 and 2000. Soil containing Miscanthus showed higher concentrations of organic carbon (Corg) (+0,29 %) and total nitrogen (Nt) (+0,03 %) and consequently an increased storage of soil organic matter (SOM) (+15,5 t ha–1) as a result of high amounts of leaves, roots and rhizomes. With regard to concentrations of Corg, cation exchange capacity, porosity and water retention significantly increased, while the wet and bulk density decreased in Miscanthus variants. The concentration of Corg and storage of SOM were increased significantly during the experimental period of Miscanthus treatments. The mineralization of the organic soil compounds which developed was comparable with those of the SOM. The reintegration of the Miscanthus area into a crop rotation system was possible only after the last harvest in February and seed of winter rape in August of the same year. The application of Glyphosat and the later shading by rape stands led to failure of the Miscanthus cultivations.  相似文献   

19.
为探讨小麦/玉米/大豆多熟套作体系下小麦根系分泌物的分泌特性及其对根系生长环境和植株氮素吸收的影响,2006-2008年连续两个生长季采用田间定位试验,研究了小麦-大豆、小麦-甘薯、小麦/玉米/大豆和小麦/玉米/甘薯4种种植模式下小麦根系分泌物的数量与种类、小麦根系生长、土壤水分、土壤氮含量及植株吸氮量的变化特性。结果表明,与小麦-大豆和小麦-甘薯两种净作模式及小麦/玉米/甘薯套作模式相比,小麦/玉米/大豆套作降低了开花期和成熟期小麦生长区的土壤湿度、pH值及NO3--N和NH4+-N的含量,提高了小麦植株地上部总吸氮量、根系活力、根干重及土壤总氮含量,并且,开花期小麦根系分泌有机酸总量和可溶性糖含量增加,表现为套作>净作,大豆茬口>甘薯茬口,边行>中行,其中以小麦边行处理的分泌量最高。拔节期根系分泌的有机酸,净作处理以乙酸含量较高,占总量的47.8%~51.6%,套作处理以柠檬酸含量较高,占总量的31.7%~55.1%;开花期根系分泌的有机酸,净作和套作处理均以乙酸含量较高,占总量的33.3%~78.3%。小麦/玉米/大豆套作对小麦根系分泌有机酸和可溶性糖有促进作用,从而改善了根系生长环境,提高了小麦对氮素的吸收。  相似文献   

20.
优质紫肉甘薯新品种‘榕紫薯5号’的选育及栽培技术   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
旨在探讨、验证优质食用型紫肉甘薯新品种创制的最佳策略,为甘薯高效育种提供借鉴。以来自日本的优质紫肉型甘薯‘川山紫’为母本,以高产、高糖材料‘冀薯6-8’为父本,通过有性杂交、系统选育获得优质食用型紫肉甘薯新品种‘榕紫薯5号’。该品种2011—2013进行多点选拔、品比及鉴定,2014—2015年参加福建省甘薯区试。对‘榕紫薯5号’的形态特征、农艺性状、品质性状、抗病性、生产力、适应性进行了试验研究。结果表明,‘榕紫薯5号’为中晚熟品种,生育期135天,萌芽性好,分枝能力中等,全生育期群体长势强劲,结薯集中。2014—2015年福建省甘薯区域试验平均鲜薯产量30.24 t/hm 2,平均干物率30.12%,平均出粉率19.84%,食味评分81.6分,比对照高1.6分。外观评分81.3分,比对照高1.3分。花青素含量26.95 mg/100 g FW。大中薯率68.7%。省区试综合鉴定结果为：株型中蔓半直立;鲜薯产量、薯干产量和淀粉产量比对照高;干物率和淀粉率与对照相当;食味品质、外观品质均优于对照;抗蔓割病,中抗薯瘟病,耐贮性好,该品种达到食用型甘薯品种审定标准,可作为鲜食及特用薯在中国南方薯区广地域种植。  相似文献   

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