共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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利用昆虫性诱剂防治大豆食心虫 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为明确人工合成的大豆食心虫性诱剂对大豆食心虫的虫情监测和控制作用,为其在生产中的合理使用提供理论依据,进行了用人工合成性诱剂监测大豆食心虫田间种群动态调查,结果表明：2006年哈尔滨地区大豆食心虫的发生期大约为1个月,高峰期为8月7日至8月14日,与传统的目测惊蛾法调查的结果基本一致。4种不同田间诱蛾方式研究表明：水盆的诱蛾效果好于诱捕器,加入少量杀虫剂后诱捕器防治效果达到43．82％,而水盆加入少量杀虫剂后效果没有提高。2007年大豆食心虫性诱剂在哈尔滨地区开展大面积防治试验,防治效果为45．9％。2008年单用性诱剂＋诱捕器防效为50．0％,在诱捕器中加入少量杀虫剂防治效果达62．7％。性诱剂诱捕法可作为大豆食心虫田间虫情测报的一种适用工具。通过定点定期的田间诱捕观察,明确了大豆食心虫的发生动态,为适时防治提供铱据。在田间应用大豆食心虫性诱剂防治害虫时,诱捕器中加入少量杀虫剂是一个切实可行的方法,即提高了防虫效果,又不污染环境。 相似文献
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运城酥梨产区梨小食心虫发生动态监测及性诱剂诱捕防控效果调查 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确梨小食心虫在山西省运城市的发生规律和性诱剂诱捕的田间防治效果,利用性诱剂三角形诱捕器对梨小食心虫成虫的发生动态进行了系统监测,并对两种性诱剂诱捕器在田间的防治效果进行了调查。监测结果表明,监测期间梨小食心虫成虫发生有3个高峰期：第一个高峰期在6月15日—7月1日,第二个高峰期在7月23—29日,第三个高峰期在8月28日—9月3日。性诱剂诱捕的防治效果调查表明,两种性诱剂诱捕器对梨小食心虫成虫的防治均有效果,且三角形诱捕器效果较好。本研究明确了梨小食心虫成虫在运城地区的发生动态及性诱剂诱捕的防治效果,为运城地区梨园梨小食心虫的预测预报及绿色防治提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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牡丹江丘陵区大豆食心虫种群动态及其与气象因子的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了明确牡丹江地区大豆食心虫的种群动态及其与气象因子的关系,试验于2010—2012年利用性诱剂诱捕法在田间进行了系统的调查。结果表明：牡丹江地区大豆食心虫的始见期在7月末,高峰期在8月初至8月中旬,结束于8月末,发生期历时1个月左右;在降水量偏少的年份大豆食心虫的种群动态与日平均温度呈显著正相关,适量的降水会造成空气湿度大,这有利于蛾量的增加,而强降水的出现不利于食心虫的化蛹和成虫出土;在牡丹江地区日平均气温在21~24℃为大豆食心虫的发生适温,而持续的高温、干旱天气不利于成虫的发生。说明温度与降水量均为影响大豆食心虫发生的重要因子。 相似文献
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为减少水稻田间二化螟为害率,减少农药施用量,在遵义县进行了浙江纽康生物技术公司提供的二化螟性信息素A型和B型诱芯（水盆诱捕器）诱蛾试验,结果表明A型、B型诱蛾差异显著,以B型诱芯诱蛾效果最好。 相似文献
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研究性诱剂对斜纹夜蛾的诱捕和防治效果,为烟田大面积应用性诱剂防治斜纹夜蛾提供科学依据。在烤烟生长季节设置诱捕器,通过田间试验,研究了不同密度、改进型和自制塑料瓶诱捕器处理对烤烟斜纹夜蛾的防控效果,并分析了斜纹夜蛾在烤烟田间发生的时间动态。结果表明,斜纹夜蛾在当地烤烟生长期内有2 次迁飞高峰期;随着诱捕器密度的增加,单位面积的诱蛾量增加,单诱捕器的诱蛾量减少,虫口减退率提高,最高可达89.19%;改进型诱捕器可显著提高诱芯的诱捕效率,平均每个诱捕器诱蛾量为173.67 头,比常规诱捕器多57.34 头,差异达显著水平(P＜0.05);容积为4500 mL自制诱捕器诱蛾效果最好,平均诱蛾量达82.33 头/个。对于广东烟区大面积推广时,推荐使用改进型诱捕器,烟田以放置7.5 个/hm2诱捕器为宜,并且鼓励烟农采用4500 mL废弃塑料瓶自制诱捕器。利用性诱技术可有效控制烟草斜纹夜蛾,减少农药使用量,降低农药残留,可将其纳入烟草斜纹夜蛾的绿色防治技术体系之中。 相似文献
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二化螟性诱剂田间应用技术研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
探讨二化螟性诱剂田间应用中的相关技术问题,为二化螟性信息素的科学合理应用提供依据。采用2种市售二化螟诱芯,比较了诱捕器的类型、颜色及悬挂高度对二化螟诱捕效果的影响。结果表明中科院动物所二化螟诱芯B引诱效果较好,粘胶板式（三角板）和水盆式2种类型诱捕器的引诱活性无显著差异;诱捕器颜色对引诱效果有较大影响,其中白色效果优于绿色、蓝色、黄色、黑色、红色、棕色;三角板诱捕器悬挂在1.4m和1.2m处的效果优于1.0m和0.8m。田间应用时建议选用中科院动物所二化螟诱芯B,采用白色三角板诱捕器,悬挂高度以1.2~1.4m为宜。 相似文献
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大豆抗食心虫主基因+多基因遗传效应分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨大豆抗食心虫的遗传特点,以提高大豆抗食虫的育种效率,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,以大豆杂交组合2002系选(P1)×EXP(P2)的P1、F1、P2、F2、F2:3 5个家系世代群体为材料,对大豆抗食心虫进行多世代联合分析。结果表明：大豆抗食心虫受1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制遗传。主基因存在加性效应,加性效应为负值(d=-0.1633)。该组合的抗食心虫存在负向杂种优势,多基因加性效应为正,多基因加性效应使F1代的虫食粒率增加。该杂交组合的F2、F2:3群体虫食粒率多基因遗传力为21.9556%和54.3490%,表现出较高的遗传力,可在晚期世代对虫食粒率进行选择。 相似文献
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Molecular loci associated with seed isoflavone content may underlie resistance to soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Dongmei Li Yingpeng Han Haibo Hu Lin Wu Yan Wang Yuan Gao Weili Teng Yongguang Li Guoliang Zeng Fanli Meng Wenbin Li 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(1):78-84
Soybean pod borer (SPB) (Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztsov) causes severe loss of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seed yield and quality in some regions of the world, especially in north‐eastern China, Japan and Russia. Isoflavones in soybean seed play a crucial role in plant resistance to diseases and pests. The aim of this study was to find whether SPB resistance QTL are associated with soybean seed isoflavone content. A cross was made between ‘Zhongdou 27’ (higher isoflavone content) and ‘Jiunong 20’ (lower isoflavone content). One hundred and twelve F5:10 recombinant inbred lines were derived through single‐seed descent. A plastic‐net cabinet was used to cover the plants in early August, and thirty SPB moths per square metre were put in to infest the soybean green pods. The results indicated that the percentage of seeds damaged by SPB was positively correlated with glycitein content (GC), whereas it was negatively correlated with genistein (GT), daidzein (DZ) and total isoflavone content (TI). Four QTL underlying SPB damage to seeds were identified and the phenotypic variation for SPB resistance explained by the four QTL ranged from 2% to 14% on chromosomes Gm7, 10, 13 and 17. Moreover, eleven QTL underlying isoflavone content were identified, and ten of them were encompassed within the same four marker intervals as the SPB QTL (BARC‐Satt208‐Sat292, Satt144‐Sat074, Satt540‐Sat244 and Satt345‐Satt592). These QTL could be useful in marker‐assisted selection for breeding soybean cultivars with both SPB resistance and high seed isoflavone content. 相似文献
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A series of half-diallel crosses involving early, medium and late maturity desi and kabuli type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes with stable resistance to Helicoverpa pod borer, along with the parents, were evaluated at two locations in India to understand the inheritance of pod borer resistance
and grain yield. Inheritance of resistance to pod borer and grain yield was different in desi and kabuli types. In desi type chickpea, the additive component of genetic variance was important in early maturity and dominance component was predominant
in medium maturity group, while in the late maturity group, additive as well as dominance components were equally important
in the inheritance of pod borer resistance. Both dominant and recessive genes conferring pod borer resistance seemed equally
frequent in the desi type parental lines of medium maturity group. However, dominant genes were in overall excess in the parents of early and
late maturity groups. In the kabuli medium maturity group, parents appeared to be genetically similar, possibly due to dispersion of genes conferring pod borer
resistance and susceptibility, while their F1s were significantly different for pod borer damage. The association of genes conferring pod borer resistance and susceptibility
in the parents could be attributed to the similarity of parents as well as their F1s for pod borer damage in kabuli early and late maturity groups. Grain yield was predominantly under the control of dominant gene action irrespective of the
maturity groups in desi chickpea. In all the maturity groups, dominant and recessive genes were in equal frequency among the desi parental lines. Dominant genes, which tend to increase or decrease grain yield are more or less present in equal frequency
in parents of the early maturity group, while in medium and late maturity groups, they were comparatively in unequal frequency
in desi type. Unlike in desi chickpea, differential patterns of genetic components were observed in kabuli chickpea. While the dominant genetic component was important in early and late maturity group, additive gene action was involved
in the inheritance of grain yield in medium duration group in kabuli chickpea. The dominant and recessive genes controlling grain yield are asymmetrically distributed in early and medium maturity
groups in kabuli chickpea. The implications of the inheritance pattern of pod borer resistance and grain yield are discussed in the context
of strategies to enhance pod borer resistance and grain yield in desi and kabuli chickpea cultivars. 相似文献
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大豆抗大豆食心虫机制研究初报 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在抗虫鉴定的基础上,对大豆抗食心虫品种(系)的抗性机制进行了研究。发现豆荚硅元素含量高是抗虫的主要原因之一;豆荚表皮细胞呈近圆形突起、直径小或表皮细胞下小细胞层数多、表皮下有特长形细胞者;豆荚隔离层细胞呈短椭圆形、直径小、排列紧密者均有较强抗性。抗性与荚皮厚度、隔离层厚度及隔离层细胞排列方向无关。 相似文献
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Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztsov) (SPB) results in severe loss in soybean yield and quality in certain regions of the world, especially
in Northeastern China, Japan and Russia. The aim here was to evaluate the inheritance of pod borer resistance and to identify
quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying SPB resistance for the acceleration of the control of this pest. Used were the 129
recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the F5:6 derived population from ‘Dong Nong 1068’ × ‘Dong Nong 8004’ and 131 SSR markers. Correlations between the percentage of damaged
seeds (PDS) by pod borer and plant, pod and seed traits that were potentially related to SPB resistance were analyzed. The
results showed highly significant correlations between PDS by pod borer and plant height (PH), maturity date (MA), pod color
(PC), pubescence density (PB), 100-seed weight (SW) and protein content existed. Soybeans with dwarf stem, light color of
pod coat, small seeds, lower density of pubescence, early maturity and low content of protein seemed to have higher resistance
to SPB. The correlated traits had potential to inhibit egg deposition and thereby to decrease the damage by SPB. Three QTL
directly associated with the resistance to SPB judged by PDS at harvest were identified. qRspb-1 (Satt541–Satt253) and qRspb-2 (Satt253–Satt314) were both on linkage group (LG) H and qRspb-3 (Satt288–Satt199) on LG G. The three QTL explained 10.96, 9.73 and 11.59% of the phenotypic variation for PDS, respectively.
In addition, 12 QTL that underlay 10 of 13 traits potentially related with SPB resistance were found. These QTL detected jointly
provide potential for marker assisted selection to improve cultivar resistance to SPB.
Guiyun Zhao, Jian Wang, and Yingpeng Han have equal contribution to the paper. 相似文献
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玉米大豆播期衔接对间作大豆干物质积累及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为完善玉米/大豆间作的播期衔接技术,在西南地区寻求合适的玉米、大豆播期。试验在田间采用二因素裂区设计,以玉米/大豆间作模式下3个玉米播期:早播(A1:5月15日)、中播(A2:5月30日)、晚播(A3:6月14日)与3个大豆播期:早播(B1:5月30日)、中播(B2:6月14日)、晚播(B3:6月29日)为对象,研究不同玉米、大豆播期对大豆的干物质积累、器官分配比率及产量的影响。结果表明:大豆开花后作物生长率、单株干物质积累量、荚果分配率和产量均在玉米中播时最高,开花后作物生长率较玉米晚播时高出33.2%;在R4、R6生育时期,单株干物质积累量和大豆荚果分配比率分别比玉米晚播时高32.4%,17.9%和26.3%,23.9%;大豆产量较玉米晚播时高75.7%。玉米中播时衔接不同播期的大豆,其单株干物质积累量、荚果分配比率和产量均在大豆早播时最高,在R4、R6生育时期,大豆单株干物质积累量与荚果分配比率比大豆晚播时分别高195.4%,58.5%和33.9%,26.7%;大豆产量较大豆晚播时高出128.7%。在玉米/大豆间作下,玉米中播(5月30日)间作大豆早播(5月30日),即玉米大豆同时播种时,可提高大豆开花后作物生长率,增加单株干物质累积量、籽粒分配率和产量。 相似文献
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药械、用水量与助剂对氯虫 噻虫嗪防治水稻螟虫的效果影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学合理的施药技术对提高药效与减少用药量至关重要。2009年,氯虫·噻虫嗪防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟的田间试验结果表明,40%氯虫·噻虫嗪水分散粒剂能有效防控以上2种虫害且持效性好。同一剂量下,药后7 d的防效受喷头与用水量的影响较大,药后14 d喷雾器、用水量显著制约药效,药后21 d各因素对防效影响无规律性。同一药械（喷雾器类型、喷头型号）下,用水量、剂量和助剂对该药剂防治上述水稻螟虫的作用依次递减。 相似文献