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1.
Objective – To compare the incidence of seizures in dogs with intervertebral disk disease after iopamidol or iomeprol myelography, and to assess whether the incidence of seizures differed between the 2 agents when severity of neurological deficits, location of cord compression, duration of anesthesia, site of myelogram, volume of contrast, and concentration of contrast were evaluated. Design – Retrospective study. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – One hundred and sixty‐one client‐owned dogs with intervertebral disk disease. Interventions – Subarachnoid injection of contrast medium. Measurements and Main Results – One hundred and sixty‐one dogs with intervertebral disk disease were subjected to myelography using iopamidol (n=74) or iomeprol (n=87). Cranial myelography was performed in 31 dogs, caudal myelography in 125 and both cranial and caudal myelography in 5. Seizures occurred in 23 of 161 (14%) dogs. There was no significant difference overall between iopamidol and iomeprol myelography. However, in dogs with thoracolumbar disk extrusion and paraplegia, seizures occurred more frequently after caudal myelography using iopamidol compared with iomeprol. Conclusions – Both iomeprol and iopamidol are suitable for myelography in dogs. Iomeprol is recommended for caudal myelography in paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar disk extrusion due to the higher incidence of seizures in this group when iopamidol was used.  相似文献   

2.
Eighteen dogs with acute neurological symptoms suggestive of ischaemic myelopathy are described. A presumptive diagnosis of spinal parenchymal infarction, due to fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE), was made in 16 cases. This was confirmed by histological examination post mortem in the remainder. Clinical neurological parameters were the most reliable prognostic indicators following FCE. High dose corticosteroid therapy should be administered as soon as possible to influence the secondary pathophysiological reaction in such cases. Only one dog made a complete neurological recovery, however nine returned to normal activity with-out regaining normal neurological function. Eight dogs required euthanasia.  相似文献   

3.
A questionnaire was mailed to 30 owners of paraplegic dogs who had been caring for their dogs at home for 3 to 72 months. It was designed to collect information on demographic variables, duration of ownership and paralysis, age of the pet, pet/owner relationship, owner expectations and perceptions of the pet's quality of life, problems the pet experienced, effect that maintaining a paralyzed pet had on the owners' quality of life, and whether use of a cart was beneficial. Significant correlation was found between prior expectations that the pet would lead a high-quality life and perception that the pet, in fact, had a high quality of life during paralysis (r2 = 0.61, P = 0.01). Owners who had anticipated that extra work would be necessary to care for their paraplegic dog had a more positive attitude toward home care (r2 = 0.55, P = 0.03). Overall, owners involved in the study were satisfied with all aspects of maintaining paraplegic dogs at home. Our findings support the feasibility of dedicated owners successfully maintaining small (average body weight, 9 kg) paraplegic dogs at home for extended periods.  相似文献   

4.
Twenty-six dogs were used in a study to determine the correlation between cortical evoked responses (CER) testing and the reversibility of paraplegia in dogs experiencing spinal cord trauma. Twenty-four dogs were client owned and presented to the University of Missouri Veterinary Teaching Hospital over a period of approximately one year. Two dogs were used as controls. Testing was done with minimal risk to the patient. Results indicate that CER testing may be valuable as an aid in the long term evaluation of whether a paraplegic patient will ever regain the ability to walk normally again.  相似文献   

5.
Objective: To report the functional outcome of hemilaminectomy in dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) without the administration of a methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) protocol. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Private practice specialty hospital. Animals: Fifty‐one, client owned, non‐ambulatory dogs weighing less than 15 kg that had not been treated with MPSS. Interventions: Myelography and hemilaminectomy Measurements and main results: Fifty‐one dogs met the inclusion criteria. Before surgery, all dogs were non‐ambulatory (26 paraplegic, 25 paraparetic), and 98% were painful. Preoperative incontinence was not assessed or unknown in most cases. Ten days following surgery, 90% were ambulatory, 98% were pain free, and 82% were fully continent. By 6 weeks, 100% were ambulatory, 94% were pain free, and 86% were fully continent. By 16 weeks, 96% were pain free, and 88% were fully continent. Conclusion: Hemilaminectomy is highly successful in returning non‐ambulatory, small breed dogs to full function and in these dogs MPSS may not be a necessary adjunct to surgery.  相似文献   

6.
Objectives : To evaluate the diagnostic merits of scintigraphy in dogs with clinically obscure lameness origin. Methods : In 43 dogs, the scintigraphic findings were compared with the results of subsequent radiological, computed tomography and/or arthroscopic findings and/or additional neurological examination. Results : In all dogs, focal increased uptake was found in one or more joints or bones. The presence of associated pathology was confirmed by radiography, computed tomography and/or arthroscopy of the limb region of interest. Additional neurological examination was performed when indicated. In cases of elbow pathology, unilateral involvement of the elbow was confirmed with computed tomography/arthroscopy in 14 cases, while bilateral increased uptake could not be confirmed with radiography or computed tomography in three cases. Three dogs showed an increased activity in one joint on the bone scan, while computed tomography, arthroscopy or radiography revealed bilateral joint disease. Generalised mild increased radionuclide uptake in all joints and bones was observed in the lame limb in 15 forelimbs and five hindlimbs. Generalised prominent uptake of an entire limb was noted in three cases suffering from neurological disease. Clinical Significance : Scintigraphy may provide information on areas of increased radionuclide uptake, thereby aiding in the localisation of obscure lameness. Generalised mild increased uptake of radionuclide in all joints and bones in the lame limb may occur in the older dog. The generalised prominent uptake, seen in three cases with neurological disease, may resemble reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome seen in human beings.  相似文献   

7.
Medical records of five dogs and two cats with bite wounds to the spine were reviewed. All dogs were bitten in the cervical spine and presented as quadriparetic. Both cats were bitten at the lumbar spine; one was paraparetic and the other paraplegic. Concomitant injuries to structures other than the spine were seen in two cases. Radiographic findings included vertebral fractures in all cases. Medical therapy included antibiotics (7/7), methylprednisolone sodium succinate (4/7) and analgesia (7/7). Five cases underwent minor (4/5) or extensive (1/5) surgical debridement. All cervical fractures were stabilized with fiberglass casts and animals with lumbar injury were cage rested for a month. Six of the cases survived, five of which regained good to excellent ambulatory ability within the first month. Although, the numbers of reported cases are limited, this study shows that adequate surgical debridement and wound drainage combined with external coaptation can be sufficient to manage bite wounds that involve the spine.  相似文献   

8.
This study evaluated the accuracy of a new stereotactic CT-guided brain biopsy (SCTGBB) device on 23 client-owned dogs which presented with a brain lesion. Biopsy of the lesion was achieved in 95 per cent of cases. The target tissue was not sampled in one dog. Complications were observed in six dogs. Two dogs with highly vascularised brainstem tumours died after SCTGBB. Minor complications (slight variation in the neurological status) were observed in a further four cases. A diagnosis was reached in 16 dogs after cytological examination and in 21 dogs after histological evaluation. SCTGBB is an accurate diagnostic method for the diagnosis of brain lesions.  相似文献   

9.
Soma  T.  Ishii  H.  Hara  M.  Yamamoto  S.  Yoshida  T.  Kinoshita  T.  Nomura  K. 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(4):311-325
The use of immunoperoxidase plaque staining (IP) in the antibody test for canine distemper virus (CDV) and its diagnostic value were investigated. Antibody titres by the IP test and neutralizing test (NT) against CDV were compared in 114 specific pathogen-free (SPF) dogs, including 84 CDV-vaccinated and 30 unimmunized dogs. All of the unimmunized dogs, which had negative NT titres, also showed negative IP titres, and all of the CDV-vaccinated dogs, which had positive NT titres, showed positive IP titres. Furthermore, the IP titres showed similar changes with time after vaccination to the NT titres in five CDV-vaccinated SPF dogs. These findings indicate that the IP test has similar specificity to the NT.Next, the IP and NT titres were compared in 190 clinically suspected cases of canine distemper (CD), including 107 dogs with neurological signs and 83 dogs without neurological signs, and also in 50 clinically healthy dogs. Among the suspected cases of CD, of 46 dogs with neurological signs and 29 dogs without neurological signs, and which had negative NT titres, 33 (72%) and 19 (66%), respectively, showed positive IP titres. Many suspected cases of CD showed a high IP titre despite a low NT titre. In contrast, among healthy dogs, none of 9 NT-negative dogs showed positive IP titres.The difference in the IP and NT titres (log10 [reciprocal of IP titre] – log10 [reciprocal of NT titre]) was measured to investigate the agreement between IP test and NT. The differences were 1.488±0.867, 1.245±0.833, 0.595±0.351 and 0.594±0.372, respectively, in the suspected cases of CD with neurological signs, the suspected cases of CD without neurological signs, the healthy dogs and the SPF dogs. The differences in the suspected cases of CD were significantly high compared to those for the SPF dogs (p<0.001).Furthermore, in 8 dogs diagnosed as cases of CD from their paired sera, whose initial sera showed a markedly low NT titre compared to the IP titre, 5 dogs without neurological signs developed neurological signs later.These findings suggest that the IP test can detect CD during its early phases and in dogs with low antibody levels, undetectable by NT, and so would be useful for serological diagnosis.  相似文献   

10.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to review cases of spinal fractures or luxations (SFL) treated with various modalities in order to describe fracture location, neurological status, treatment, outcome and complications in a patient population at a single centre. The medical records of dogs and cats that had been diagnosed with a SFL between C1 and L7 between January 1995 and June 2005 were reviewed in order to collect pertinent data. Ninety-five cases were included in this study. The severity of spinal cord injury was graded on a scale from 0 to 5. Vehicular trauma was the most common cause of SFL. Spinal fractures were localized between C1-C5 in 10 cases, C6-T2 in one case, T3-L3 in 54 cases, L4-L7 in 36 cases. Thirty patients that were euthanatized without treatment had a median neurological score of 5. Twenty-eight patients, all of which had motor function, were treated conservatively and there was not any change in their median neurological grade at the time of discharge. Thirty-seven patients had surgery, 27 of which were non ambulatory. Thirty-five of 37 were stabilized using pins and/or screws and PMMA or various other techniques. The median neurological grade of surgically treated patients improved by one point between the time of initial diagnosis and discharge. Implant removal was performed in five cases. The patients that were treated with pins and/or screws and PMMA were significantly more improved than conservatively managed patients at the time of discharge, although the surgically treated patients were hospitalized significantly longer than the conservatively managed patients. Our results suggest that dogs that retain pain sensation prior to surgery have a good prognosis for functional recovery. In this study, the dogs that were treated conservatively retained purposeful movement and had a good prognosis for recovery.  相似文献   

11.
Neurological dysfunction is an uncommon complication following extrahepatic portosystemic shunt ligation. Three dogs and one cat are described that developed neurological signs within 21 to 42 hours of attenuation of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. None of these cases had biochemical evidence of hepatic encephalopathy postoperatively. Two dogs died during management of status epilepticus following aspiration of food. One dog died six months postoperatively. The cat had persistent neurological dysfunction at discharge, but was alive and had recovered most of its neurological function at the time of writing, 37 months after surgery. This report demonstrates the potential for animals with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts to develop postoperative neurological signs and highlights the difficulty of managing such cases. Two dogs had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Large intestinal malrotation (partial situs inversus) may have been linked to the development of a portosystemic shunt in the remaining dog.  相似文献   

12.
Fifty dogs showing clinical signs of spinal disease were investigated by myelography, using iopamidol. In 27 cases the technique was considered worthwhile. Of the 19 dogs not subjected to surgery or euthanasia as a result of the findings, three suffered seizures during recovery from anaesthesia, eight deteriorated in neurological condition and one suffered permanent respiratory arrest as a result of extensive subarachnoid haemorrhage.  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to review the clinical use along with the short- and long-term outcome in patients treated with Lubra plates to stabilize spinal fracture and dislocations that were considered unstable at time of surgery according to the 'three compartment theory'. The data that were collected included breed, age, gender, body weight of the patients, cause of injury, neurological grade (pre- and postoperative), radiographic findings, surgical treatment, and clinical and radiological outcome. Thirteen dogs and two cats were included with thoracic (1 case), thoracolumbar (3 cases), midlumbar (5 cases) and caudal lumbar (6 cases) vertebral fractures. For stabilization, the small-sized (3 cases), medium-sized (6 cases), and large-sized (6 cases) Lubra plates were used. The clinical outcome was excellent in 10/15 patients, functional in 2/15 and poor in 3/15 with a median follow-up period of nine years (range 2 months to 12 years). The fractures eventually stabilized by ventral spondylosis. No implant failure was seen, however demineralization of the spinous processes necessitated implant removal in one case. Our results suggest that Lubra plating is an appropriate technique for thoracolumbar and lumbar vertebral fractures as well as luxations in dogs and cats. The prognosis for neurological recovery was excellent when the animal had a neurological grade of 3 and was not paralyzed.  相似文献   

14.
The medical records of 220 dogs with inflammatory/infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) were retrospectively examined. The aims of the study were to determine if clinical and clinicopathologic data (not including biopsy or necropsy examination) could distinguish inflammatory CNS diseases from diseases of other types, and to search for criteria allowing differentiation of specific inflammatory diseases. The signalment, historical findings, extraneural and neurological signs, and the lesion site contributed marginally to a specific diagnosis. Multifocal signs were only noticed in one third of the dogs with inflammatory/infectious diseases. Particular neurological abnormalities were more frequent in certain diseases than in others (eg, myoclonus was frequent in dogs with distemper, but it was also found in those with other meningoencephalomyelitides). Hematologic findings contributed to the diagnosis in certain conditions (eg, canine distemper encephalitis, protozoal encephalomyelitis, steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis). Cerebrospinal fluid examinations, including immunoglobulin G index and cytology were useful to separate meningoencephalomyelitides from the other CNS diseases and to distinguish certain conditions from others. In most cases a specific diagnosis depended on a combination of clinical signs and ancillary diagnostic aids. Still, a specific diagnosis remained very difficult, if not impossible, in at least one third of the dogs.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the recovery times and complication rates between the standard ventral slot and the modified slanted ventral slot for the treatment of cervical disc disease in dogs with the same neurological grade. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of an equal number of cervical disc cases for each procedure was carried out specifically to determine the recovery times and complication rates. To allow for meaningful comparison only dogs that had the same neurological grade were selected. Outcomes were determined by time to recover and the resolution of symptoms and complications were graded in terms of severity. RESULTS: The standard ventral slot cases had a higher complication rate than the modified slanted slot cases with one case dying in the postoperative period. However, the modified slanted slot cases on average had a marginally slower recovery time than standard ventral slot cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Ventral decompression using the modified slanted slot instead of the standard ventral slot will allow for spinal decompression with potentially less destabilisation, and incur a similar incidence of complications and rate of recovery.  相似文献   

16.
Triple adjacent thoracolumbar disc protrusions causing moderate to severe spinal cord compression were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in two German shepherd dogs with marked paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia. Both cases were managed by selective hemilaminectomy, partial annulectomy and bilateral quadruple vertebral body stabilisation using novel canine locking fixation plates (SOP). The stabilisation of multiple vertebrae in the thoracolumbar spine was possible because the plates could be contoured with six degrees of freedom. Spinal pain resolved and neurological function improved in both dogs. Screw breakage was evident in one dog five months following surgery.  相似文献   

17.
Extradural spinal synovial cysts in nine dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Nine dogs presenting for investigation of cervical or thoracolumbar myelopathies were diagnosed with extradural spinal synovial cysts. Degenerative disease affecting the articular facets or intervertebral discs was present on plain spinal radiographs in all cases. Myelography was consistent with dorsolateral, extradural spinal cord compression. Two groups of dogs were identified: (1) young, giant breed dogs with multiple cysts involving one or more levels of the cervical spinal cord; and (2) older, large breed dogs with solitary cysts involving the thoracolumbar spinal cord. The synovial cysts constituted the major compressive lesions in four of the dogs. Analysis of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated albuminocytological dissociation, consistent with chronic compressive myelopathy, in six dogs. All dogs underwent decompressive surgery and the diagnosis of synovial cysts was confirmed histologically. The mean follow-up period was 17 months (range four to 36 months). At the time of follow-up, all dogs were fully ambulatory with improved neurological function compared with that at initial presentation.  相似文献   

18.
A study was made of dogs with Hansen type I thoracolumbar disc extrusions that had been treated by hemilaminectomy and fenestration of the affected disc. Follow-up information was available for 40 dogs undergoing treatment over a five-year period. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 72 months (mean 34 months). The case details and the results of treatment of these 40 dogs are presented. All dogs were graded according to the degree of neurological dysfunction at the time of initial presentation and at the conclusion of the study period. Twenty-seven dogs (68 per cent) had no detectable signs of neurological dysfunction or thoracolumbar pain at the final assessment and a further eight dogs (20 per cent) had mild ambulatory paraparesis but were regarded by their owners as functional pets. Recurrence of neurological signs consistent with thoracolumbar disc disease was seen in five dogs (13 per cent) and was successfully resolved completely in one of three dogs that were treated.  相似文献   

19.
The cases of 7 adult dogs with generalized seizures managed by surgical excision and radiation therapy for frontal lobe meningiomas were reviewed. The neurological examination was unremarkable in 6 of the 7 dogs. Five dogs were operated on using a bilateral transfrontal sinus approach and 2 using a unilateral sinotemporal approach to the frontal lobe. One dog was euthanized 14 d after surgery; radiation therapy was initiated 3 wk after surgery in the remaining 6 dogs. Long-term follow-up consisted of neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) scan after radiation therapy. The mean survival time for dogs that had surgery and radiation therapy was 18 mo after surgery. Frontal lobe meningiomas have been associated with poor prognosis. However, the surgical approaches used in these cases, combined with radiation therapy, allow a survival rate for frontal lobe meningiomas similar to that for meningiomas located over the cerebral convexities.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVES: To characterise the clinical presentation and neurological abnormalities in dogs affected by aortic thromboembolism. METHODS: The medical records of 13 dogs diagnosed with aortic thromboembolism as the cause of the clinical signs, and where a complete neurological examination was performed, were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The onset was acute in only four dogs, chronic in five dogs (with all of these presenting as exercise intolerance) or chronic with acute deterioration in four dogs. Dogs with an acute onset of clinical signs were more severely affected exhibiting neurological deficits, while dogs with a chronic onset of disease predominantly presented with the exercise intolerance and minimal deficits. The locomotor deficits included exercise intolerance with pelvic limb weakness (five of 13), pelvic limb ataxia (one of 13), monoparesis (two of 13), paraparesis (two of 13), non-ambulatory paraparesis (two of 13) and paraplegia (one of 13). There was an apparent male predisposition and the cavalier King charles spaniel was overrepresented. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The rate of onset of clinical signs appears to segregate dogs affected by aortic thromboembolism into two groups, with different clinical characteristics and outcomes. Dogs with an acute onset of the clinical signs tend to be more severely affected, while dogs with a chronic onset predominantly present with exercise intolerance. It is therefore important to consider aortic thromboembolism as a differential diagnosis in dogs with an acute onset of pelvic limb neurological deficits and in dogs with longer standing exercise intolerance.  相似文献   

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