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菜籽饼是重要的饲料蛋白质来源,氨基酸组成与饲料营养品质有着密切关系,其中丝氨酸、胱氨酸和酪氨酸为多数动物的半必需氨基酸。本研究利用甘蓝型油菜双单倍体(DH)群体分别与双亲Tapidor和Ningyou 7回交构建的2套BC1F1群体,采用新创建的双子叶作物种子品质性状遗传体系QTL定位软件和作图方法,对油菜籽丝氨酸、胱氨酸和酪氨酸含量进行了种子胚和母体植株2套遗传体系的QTL定位分析。结果表明,在A1、A4、A7、A8、A9、C2、C3和C9染色体上检测到5个丝氨酸含量QTL、2个胱氨酸含量QTL和5个酪氨酸含量QTL,分别解释59.34%、29.66%和59.26%的表型变异。其中5个QTL属于主效QTL,均能解释10%以上的表型变异。全部QTL均具极显著的胚和母体加性主效应,其中3个QTL具显著或极显著的环境互作效应。在A4染色体上发现1个QTL簇,该区域存在3个控制丝氨酸、胱氨酸和酪氨酸含量的QTL。一些重要QTL以及与之紧密连锁的分子标记在今后图位克隆和分子标记辅助选择育种中具有重要的利用价值。 相似文献
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大豆脂肪酸组分的胚、细胞质和母体遗传效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用5个大豆品种配制20个杂交组合,采用广义种子遗传模型分析了大豆脂肪酸组分的胚、细胞质和母体植株等3套遗传体系的基因主效应和基因型×环境效应。棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸含量和亚油酸含量是以基因型×环境互作效应为主。亚麻酸和油酸的遗传主效应和基因型×环境互作效应相近。在脂肪酸组分的遗传主效应中,棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸含量是以胚主效应为主。油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以细胞质主效应为主。在基因型×环境互作方差中,脂肪酸组分以极显著的胚互作方差为主。亚麻酸含量是以基因的加性效应和加性×环境互作效应为主,棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸含量、油酸含量和亚油酸含量以基因的显性和显性×环境互作效应为主。棕榈酸含量和油酸含量是以普通狭义遗传率为主。硬脂酸、亚油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以互作狭义遗传率为主。在普通狭义遗传率中,棕榈酸含量、油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以细胞质普通遗传率和母体普通遗传率为主。在互作狭义遗传率中,油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以胚互作狭义遗传率为主,亚油酸含量以母体植株互作遗传率为主。棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸含量、油酸含量和亚油酸含量以细胞质及母体选择响应和互作选择响应为主,亚麻酸含量的胚普通选择响应和互作选择响应为主。 相似文献
4.
本研究对棉籽油分、棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸含量进行了不同遗传体系的QTL分析,为相关性状挖掘出更多有用的基因信息。分别于2017年和2018年,利用陆地棉亲本HS46 (P1)和MARCABUCAG8US-1-88 (P2)所构建的188个重组近交系分别与双亲杂交构建F1群体BC (P1)和BC(P2)。基于这些回交群体种子,采用专为种子性状设计的母体和胚核基因组QTL定位的混合线性遗传模型及QTLNetwork-CL-2.0-Seed软件,对棉籽油分、棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸含量进行QTL定位分析。共检测到7个控制棉籽油分含量、3个控制棕榈酸含量、2个控制油酸含量和3个控制亚油酸含量的QTL,均具有显著或极显著的源自母体和胚2个核基因组的加性主效应,其中有7个QTL的表型变异贡献率大于10%。研究结果可为这些性状的分子标记辅助选择育种提供更为可靠的参考,为这些性状的分子遗传机制研究提供理论基础。 相似文献
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水稻稻米Hg累积的遗传生态特性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选用6个不同类型的水稻品种（系）,按完全双列杂交设计（6×5）配成一套亲本、F1和F2 3个世代的遗传材料。采用包括种子、细胞质、母体植株三套遗传体系的种子性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,系统分析了稻米汞含量性状的遗传特点。主要结果如下：遗传方差分析结果表明,Hg元素含量除了受制于种子基因效应、细胞质基因效应和母体植株基因效应等遗传主效应外,还会明显受到各遗传效应与环境互作效应的影响,汞元素含量主要以遗传主效应为主。在各遗传体系中,汞元素含量以显性效应及其与环境互作效应为主,种子基因效应也有一定作用。遗传率和选择响应分析结果表明,汞总狭义遗传率较高,世代的遗传传递力较强,在鉴定筛选淘汰时,需要加大群体才能达到降低Hg元素含量的育种目标。 相似文献
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普通玉米主要营养品质性状的遗传效应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用13个普通玉米自交系按NCⅡ设计（7×6）研究了普通玉米主要营养品质性状的遗传效应。结果表明，普通玉米主要营养品质性状的遗传受种子二倍体胚、三倍体胚乳、细胞质和二倍体母体植株4套遗传体系的控制；主要品质性状4套遗传体系的效应值之间无太大的差异，蛋白质、淀粉和赖氨酸含量的胚遗传效应全部体现为胚加性遗传效应，而4种品质性状的胚乳遗传效应则全部由胚乳显性遗传效应构成；母体遗传效应主要表现为母体加性效应；遗传效应预测值表明亲本9636、99S2041-1-1-1和478在普通玉米品质改良中可能有一定的应用潜力。结果还发现，不同品质性状间存在不同程度的遗传相关，因此对这些性状进行间接选择或杂种优势利用均可取得一定的效果。 相似文献
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普通玉米子粒性状四类效应的遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法,以５个玉米自交系及其间配制的Ｆ１,Ｆ２,ＢＣ１,ＢＣ２为材料,研究了５个玉米种子性状的胚直接效应、胚乳直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。结果表明,除粒宽外,各性状的遗传同时由质效应和胚、胚乳、母体基因效应所控制,丰粒重主要受胚乳和母体效应的影响,粒长的遗传以母体效应为主,粒宽和粒厚以胚乳效应为主。各部位子粒百粒重的胚乳直接加性效应与母体加性效应的协方差达显著或极显著水平,其余性状的胚、胚乳直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均不显著,通过母体植株的遗传表现可对这些性状进行有效的选择。在提高丰粒重的玉米育种中,以任一部位子粒百粒重作为选择标准可起到相同的选择效果,直接选择粒宽的分离类型有利于获得大粒的遗传材料。Ｓ２２是改良百粒重的优良亲本。 相似文献
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采用条件和非条件数量遗传分析方法,利用不同环境条件下的两年试验数据,分析了胚(子叶)、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系的遗传主效应及其环境互作效应对油菜籽饼粕赖氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,油菜籽饼粕赖氨酸含量在各个发育时期的表现同时受制于不同遗传体系的遗传主效应和环境互作效应,且以环境互作效应为主,故油菜籽发育过程中不同遗传体系基因的表达会受到环境条件的显著影响。在不同遗传体系的基因效应中,除花后36 d的胚主效应较大外,各发育时期以母体效应为主,其中母体显性主效应和母体加性互作效应的作用尤为明显。条件遗传分析表明,花后23~29 d控制赖氨酸含量的数量基因表达最为活跃;一些基因效应在不同发育时期还存在着间断性表达的现象。油菜籽饼粕赖氨酸含量的狭义遗传率较高,多数发育时期是以母体遗传率为主,根据母体植株上油菜籽饼粕赖氨酸含量的总体表现进行选择可以取得较好的改良效果。 相似文献
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水稻籽粒发育过程中可溶性糖含量的遗传及其与品质的关系 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
选用不同类型的 6个水稻品种 (系 )按双列杂交设计 (5× 6 )配制成一套包括亲本、F1和F2 3个世代的遗传群体。应用包括 3套遗传体系基因效应的数量性状发育遗传模型 ,分析了水稻籽粒发育过程中4个不同时期可溶性糖含量的遗传及其与稻米品质的关系。结果表明 ,三倍体种子、细胞质和二倍体母体植株的遗传效应均可明显影响稻米各个发育时期的可溶性糖含量。其中灌浆始期以三倍体种子和二倍体母体植株效应为主 ,灌浆中期以母体植株遗传效应为主 ,灌浆后期和成熟期以种子直接显性效应和母体植株显性效应为主。控制稻米可溶性糖含量表现的多种遗传效应基因在稻米各个发育时期均有新的表达 ,共同调控着可溶性糖含量的动态表现。不同发育时期可溶性糖含量与稻米品质性状之间存在一定的相关性。灌浆始期和中期籽粒中可溶性糖含量的增加不利于增长成熟期的籽粒长和厚度 ,但可增大籽粒宽度。灌浆始期的可溶性糖含量越多 ,对提高成熟期粒重越明显 ,中、后期和成熟期则明显降低粒重。灌浆始期籽粒中可溶性糖含量愈多 ,会明显增加糙米直链淀粉含量 ,但随着发育进程的推进 ,影响程度趋于减弱 ,在后期和成熟期转为负向相关。不同遗传体系基因效应控制着不同发育时期可溶性糖含量与最终稻米品质的相关性 相似文献
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大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的遗传效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大豆异黄酮含量差异较大的6个大豆品种为亲本，通过双列杂交配置杂交组合，测定了两个环境条件下亲本、F1和F2种子的异黄酮含量。采用双子叶植物种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法, 分析了胚、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系的基因效应以及环境互作效应。结果发现大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的表现主要受制于母体遗传效应, 其次为胚(子叶)基因效应,细胞质效应影响较小。不同遗传体系的基因主效应明显大于环境互作效应。异黄酮含量的机误方差较大,说明异黄酮含量更易受到环境条件变化影响。亲本遗传效应分析表明, 选用豫豆29或郑90007亲本有利于增加杂种后代大豆籽粒异黄酮含量,提高品质改良的效果。胚显性方差和母体显性方差均极显著，表明种子杂种优势和母体杂种优势会同时存在，而且是不受环境影响的主效应基因。 相似文献
11.
Genetic analysis for protein content in indica rice 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Analysis of genetic main effects and GE interaction effects for protein content (PC) and protein index (PI) of indica rice
(Oryza sativa L.) was conducted for two year experimental data by using a genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in
cereal crops. Nine cytoplasmic male sterile lines or maintainers as female parents and five restorer lines as male parents
were used for a NC II mating design in 1995 and 1996. The results indicated that PC and PI traits were simultaneously controlled
by genetic main effects as well as GE interaction effects. For PC and PI of rice, the embryo interaction effects (embryo additive
and dominance interaction effects) were important as effects of triploid endosperm, cytoplasm and diploid maternal plant.
The estimates of narrow-sense heritability for PC and PI of rice were 85.3% and 77.9%, respectively. The interaction heritability
was found to be larger than the general heritability for PC and PI of rice. Significant relationships for components of different
genetic effects between PC and PI were found. The GE interaction covariances tended to be positive.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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13.
Analysis of embryo, endosperm, cytoplasmic and maternal effects for heterosis of protein and lysine content in indica hybrid rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The heterosis controlled by genetic main effects and genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects for protein content and lysine content traits of indica hybrid rice, Oryza sativa L., was studied by using a genetic model for quantitative traits of triploid endosperm. The experiment was conducted over 2 years in a factorial design that included nine cytoplasmic male-sterile lines as females and five restorer lines as males. It was revealed that heterosis of protein content and lysine content were simultaneously controlled by genetic main effects and GE interaction effects. Maternal general heterosis and maternal interaction heterosis were observed. Embryo heterosis or cytoplasm heterosis for lysine content and endosperm heterosis for protein content were more important in general heterosis. Embryo interaction heterosis and cytoplasm interaction heterosis were more important for protein content, but endosperm heterosis was only important for lysine content in GE interaction heterosis. It was shown that some indica hybrid crosses had significant positive heterosis for protein content. Negative heterosis for lysine content was observed in most hybrid crosses. 相似文献
14.
Genetics of methionine content in indica-japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) was studied in 35 F1 hybrids derived from crossing 7 male-sterile indica rice cultivars with 5 restorer japonica rice cultivars. Two genetic models and their corresponding statistical methods for quantitative traits of triploid endosperm in cereal crops were used for the analysis. One is the unconditional model, which refers to the analysis of cumulative measurements along the developmental stages, while another is the conditional model, which relates to analysis throughout the developmental stages. Results showed that methionine content of indica-japonica hybrid rice was controlled by expression of triploid endosperm nuclear genes, cytoplasm genes, diploid maternal plant nuclear genes, and their genotype-environment interaction effects. Dominant effects were important at the first three developmental stages, while additive effects were important at the next two stages of grain development under both unconditional and conditional analyses. With regard to the components of heritability, maternal and cytoplasm general heritabilities and their environmental interaction heritabilities were important. It was suggested that enhancing methionine content could be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants in early breeding generations. 相似文献
15.
Validating a segment on the short arm of chromosome 6 responsible for genetic variation in the hull silicon content and yield traits of rice 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wei-Min Dai Ke-Qin Zhang Ji-Rong Wu Lei Wang Bin-Wu Duan Kang-Le Zheng Run Cai Jie-Yun Zhuang 《Euphytica》2008,160(3):317-324
Rice is a typical silicon-accumulating plant and the beneficial effect of silicon on rice has long been recognized. In a previous
study using 244 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of an indica rice cross, Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46 grown in 2003, four QTLs
were detected for hull silicon content. QTL qHUS-6 had the largest effect among these, and the same interval also had significant effects on yield traits in the same population.
The primary objective of this study was to validate the QTL effect in this region on HUS and yield traits. The same RIL population
and another RIL population of lower heterogeneity were grown in 2004. QTL qHUS-6 was found to have significant additive effects on hull silicon content with a consistent direction in the two populations.
From a residual heterozygous line selected from RILs of the same cross, 15 F2:3 lines that differed only in a 2.15-Mb segment extending from RM587 to RM6119 on the short arm of chromosome 6 were derived.
In these lines, qHUS-6 displayed a major effect, so did QTLs for yield traits previously detected in the same region. Two more QTLs for HUS detected
in 2003, qHUS-1-1 and qHUS-1-2, also had consistent effects in the Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46 RIL population in 2004. Thus this study verified three candidate
regions for fine mapping HUS QTLs and determining the genetic relationship between silicon content and yield traits in rice. 相似文献
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基于株平均值的胚乳性状QTL作图的极大似然方法 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
根据三倍体胚乳性状的数量遗传模型,发展出一种新的专用于胚乳性状数量基因座位（QTL）区间作图的统计方法。该方法以分离群体中各植株的分子标记基因型以及植株上若干粒种子胚乳性状的平均值为数据模式,采用基于平均值混合分布理论的极大似然方法进行QTL分析。QTL效应估计通过EM算法实现。由于该方法利用标记基因型内QTL基因型的混合分布特性,因此,它比同样基于株平均值的最小平方QTL分析方法以及迭代重新加权最小平方QTL分析方法具有更高的统计功效和精确度。方法的可行性和有效性通过计算机模拟数据分析得到了进一步验证。 相似文献
17.
Dissection of component QTL expression in yield formation in rice 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
L. B. Guo Y. Z. Xing H. W. Mei C. G. Xu C. H. Shi P. Wu L. J. Luo 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(2):127-132
Yield and its components were investigated by using a population of 241 recombinant inbred lines (F9 RILs) derived from an elite hybrid rice cross of ‘Zhenshan 97’בMinghui 63′. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for causal analysing of yield traits were detected at different yield component (YC) influences by conditional and unconditional QTL mapping methods. The number of QTLs significantly affecting yield was different at component‐special influence. Some QTLs controlling yield identified in one component influence were undetectable at the others. More QTLs for yield could be detected at different YC influences. It is possible to reveal that causal gene expression for yield could be different at different YC influences. Mapping QTLs for component effects of yield could help us in understanding the nature of cause‐effect traits for the formation of grain yield. 相似文献
18.
基于贝叶斯统计的谷物胚乳性状QTL多区间作图方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贝叶斯统计学已被广泛地应用在现代科学的各个研究领域。本研究将贝叶斯统计方法和谷物三倍体胚乳性状数量遗传模型相结合,以F2群体中各植株的分子标记基因型以及植株上若干粒自交种子胚乳性状的单粒观测值为数据模式,提出了胚乳数量性状基因座(QTL)多区间作图的贝叶斯方法。该方法首先构建胚乳性状的多区间多QTL遗传模型,然后通过基于Gibbs抽样和Metropolis-Hastings算法实现的马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)方法同时获得多个QTL效应和位置的估计。方法的有效性通过一条长染色体的模拟实验进行了验证,结果表明,本文提出的贝叶斯多区间方法能够准确地估计胚乳性状QTL的位置和效应,并可有效区分两种显性效应。 相似文献
19.
Touming Liu Yushan Zhang Weiya Xue Caiguo Xu Xianghua Li Yongzhong Xing 《Euphytica》2010,172(3):383-394
The ability to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a bi-allelic population is often limited. The power of QTL detection
and identification of the most beneficial allele at each QTL could be greatly improved by comparing QTLs among different populations
derived from connecting multi-parents. In this study, three sets of connected recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from
the crosses between Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63 (PZM), Zhenshan 97 and Teqing (PZT), and Minghui 63 and Teqing (PMT), respectively,
were used. QTL analyses for the number of spikelets per panicle (SPP) and 1,000-grain weight (TGW) were performed in PZT,
and five SPP QTLs on chromosomes 1, 6, and 7 and two TGW QTLs on chromosome 1 were detected. QTL for SPP was also identified
in PMT, and six QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 in this population. In an earlier study, we identified
five SPP QTLs and four TGW QTLs in PMT and nine TGW QTLs in PZM. Comparison of the QTL mapping results of these two studies
showed that one QTL was common to the three populations, 11 QTLs were detected in two populations, and six QTLs were found
in only one population. Comparison of genetic effect and the action direction of the QTLs detected in the three populations
showed that additive effects of QTLs estimated in different populations were also expressed additively among three parental
alleles. Additive effects of SPP7a estimated in three near-isogenic line F2 populations supported this finding. Based on these results, we suggest that pyramiding the most beneficial alleles among
the three parents could efficiently improve rice yield. 相似文献