共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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根据宁南山区典型小流域土地利用现状和相关雨水集蓄资料,计算了彭阳王洼小流域雨水资源潜力,结合小流域节水农业发展规划,对雨水资源开发利用潜力及其供需关系进行了初步评价。结果表明:(1)示范区雨水资源最大理论潜力为7682598m3,就地利用、异地利用和叠加利用3种利用方式的比例分别为50.96%,7.16%和41.88%。(2)示范区雨水资源可实现潜力量为7164885m3,占全流域雨水资源理论潜力的93.26%。(3)目前示范区小流域的需水总量为3739352m3,仅占可实现供水量的52.19%,从示范区小流域雨水资源的可实现潜力来看,还有较大的开发利用潜力。(4)示范区小流域雨水资源利用评价结果表明小流域所制定的雨水利用规模对雨水资源的利用还很不充分,应适当地扩大雨水就地利用规模。 相似文献
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利用3S技术开展粤北岩溶区雨水资源空间可利用潜力评价,可以为区域雨水资源评价提供方法参考,为研究区域雨水资源开发利用提供决策支持。选取了岩性、气候、土壤、地形和植被因素作为评价指标,利用粤北岩溶区的遥感数据、气象数据、DEM等,在3S技术的支持下实现了评价指标空间量化和表达,并基于此评价了粤北岩溶区雨水资源空间可利用潜力。结果表明:(1) 3个模型计算结果均显示雨水资源可利用潜力呈现块状分布、梯度变化的特点,且从模型1到模型3,梯度变化逐渐增大。(2)粤北岩溶区雨水资源空间可利用潜力空间分布不均,区域差异较大。(3)主成分分析显示,雨水资源空间可利用潜力受到各因素的综合影响,贡献率较大的是岩性因素和地形因素。 相似文献
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鲁中南山区小流域雨水资源化潜力的定量评价研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨我国北方土石山区小流域雨水资源潜力及其水资源供需态势，为高效开发利用流域雨水资源和大规模开展生态环境建设工程提供理论依据。以代表该地区典型区域的鲁中南山区小流域为研究区域，在确定了小流域雨水资源理论潜力和现实潜力计算方法的基础上，对典型小流域雨水资源潜力及水资源供需平衡进行了定量分析。结果表明：该地区小流域总需水量中生态需水的比重最大，占总需水量的68．11％，农业生产需水量其次，占31．37％，人畜生活需水量最少，仅为0．52％。以小流域降水资源作为水资源的评估基础，当降雨设计频率分别为50％，75％和95％时，典型小流域的需水量占可供水量比重分别达到63．1％．75．2％和101．7％，研究区域典型小流域基本上都处于用水高度紧张状态，同时，提出了该地区未来小流域水资源开发利用的方向。 相似文献
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中国粮食主产区耕地生产能力空间分布特征 总被引：16，自引：8，他引：8
核算区域耕地资源生产能力,揭示耕地生产能力层次差异,分析耕地资源生产潜力的空间分布特征,对于科学确定区域耕地利用与保护对策,特别是支撑区域土地整治以及高标准农田建设,保障国家耕地资源安全战略具有重要意义。该文以中国粮食主产区(黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、河北省、山东省、江苏省6省)乡镇尺度的耕地资源生产能力核算数据为基础,核算了粮食主产区理论生产能力、可实现生产能力和实际生产能力差值以及生产能力特征,并分析了耕地生产能力在省级及二级区尺度上的分布特征,揭示了耕地区县级利用强度与利用潜力。研究结果表明:中国粮食主产区(6省)的耕地理论生产能力、可实现生产能力和实际生产能力分别为5.12、4.03和3.28亿t。江苏省的江淮平原区理论单产、可实现单产和实际单产均最高,黑龙江省的大小兴安岭山地区理论单产最低,河北省的后山坝上高原区可实现单产、实际单产最低。河北平原区及山东省理论利用潜力明显高于其他地区。耕地资源理论生产能力较高表明通过实施高标准农田建设,粮食主产区增产潜力巨大;而6省区可实现利用潜力普遍较低,表明通过政策提升耕地生产能力的空间有限。该文为粮食主产区耕地资源数量、生产能力并重管理提供了决策依据。 相似文献
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为实践海绵城市理念,充分利用雨水资源,为哈尔滨市松北区核心区规划具节水功能的绿地系统,该文利用GIS技术,结合彭曼公式,计算研究区可收集雨水资源量和绿地植物需水量,并定位节水绿地位置和规划节水绿地系统。研究区降水量在485～671 mm间,6—8月降雨量占全年降水量的66.4%;研究区年可利用雨水量512.68万m3,雨水资源潜力巨大;5—10月研究区绿地植物需水总量639.71万m~3,同期可收集雨水总量456.17万m~3,满足植物需水量的71.31%。建立研究区DEM模型,将坡度3°～15°间的绿地确定为渗透绿地,坡度3°以下的绿地确定为集水绿地,确定了研究区节水绿地分布图,可建节水绿地面积1 664.19 hm~2,占研究区总面积的37.10%;以节水绿地为主体,结合了水利科学和地理信息科学理论知识,优先规划了能利用城市雨水资源的节水绿地系统,使远期绿地率达43%。 相似文献
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以重庆市江津区的低丘缓坡土地为研究对象,分析了开发为耕地、林地和建设用地的潜力,采用生态服务价值评估方法评价了土地资源综合利用带来的生态环境影响。结果表明:江津区低丘缓坡地的理论潜力面积为137 652.55hm~2,可实现潜力面积为31 428.37hm~2,宜农、宜建和宜林面积分别占低丘缓坡地的74.19%,11.27%和14.53%。低丘缓坡土地开发利用能够优化土地利用结构,改变原有的生态服务价值。其中,生态服务价值贡献最大的土地利用类型为林地,生态服务系统工程中贡献最大的是生物多样性保护;研究区生态服务价值可以增加617.88万元/a,生态服务价值发生了正向变化。低丘缓坡土地开发利用既能合理利用土地资源,又能提升研究区的生态环境承载力。 相似文献
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利用SCS-CN方法估算流域可收集雨水资源量 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
流域可收集雨水资源的定量研究对于雨水资源开发利用及其工程规划和建设具有十分重要的意义。该文以北京市门头沟区小流域为研究对象,采用遥感和地理信息系统技术,对流域下垫面特征有关的空间和属性数据进行提取和分析;在此基础上,结合不同水平年降雨资料,运用美国农业部水土保持局(Soil Conservation Service)开发的径流曲线模型(Soil Conservation Service curve number method,SCS-CN),得出不同下垫面特征的径流系数,结合地理信息系统技术生成径流潜力空间分布图。计算了平水年(P=50%)、丰水年(P=25%)、枯水年(P=75%)可收集雨水资源量分别为1.2×107,2.2×107,0.8×107m3;为小流域综合治理和雨水集蓄利用工程的规划与设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Suyundukov Ya. T. Suyundukova M. B. Bezuglova O. S. Khabirov I. K. Khasanova R. F. Semenova I. N. Rafikova Yu. S. Ilbulova G. R. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(1):27-35
Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific... 相似文献
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Kholodov V. A. Farkhodov Y. R. Yaroslavtseva N. V. Ziganshina A. R. Maksimovich S. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(7):998-1004
Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,... 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1631-1646
Abstract Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados. 相似文献
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Ye. V. Rogozhina N. V. Kostina L. S. Malyukova 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2011,66(1):32-35
An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and
pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the
course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation
was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the
acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils
of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn
periods. 相似文献
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The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements. 相似文献
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物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。 相似文献
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荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。 相似文献