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1.
抗弧菌海洋细菌的分离筛选及其抗菌作用测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采集连云港海域海水、海泥以及海洋动植物等样品86个,分离到海洋细菌176株.以病原性弧菌鳗弧菌为指示菌,采用平板对峙法在2216E培养基上测定不同海洋细菌菌株的抗菌作用, 其中XDY-7-4、YC-6-3、BM-1、BN-1、BN-2和XS1-5等6个海洋细菌菌株有明显的抗菌作用,菌株BN-1的抑菌带为11.2 mm,抗菌作用最强;其次为菌株XS1-5 、XDY-7-4 和YC-6-3,抑菌带宽度为10.4、10.2、9.9 mm;菌株BN-2和BM-1对鳗弧菌的抑菌作用较弱. 采用打孔法测定不同海洋细菌菌株无菌发酵液的抗菌作用,结果表明,菌株BN-1对鳗弧菌生长的抑制作用最明显,其次为菌株YC-6-3和XDY-7-4,菌株BM-1、XS1-5和BN-2的抗菌效果较弱. 相似文献
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一株南海柳珊瑚共附生细菌的鉴定及其产活性物质的培养条件优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对一株南海柳珊瑚共附生微生物菌株(中科院南海海洋研究所,菌种编号00856)进行了分类,并对其所产的生物活性物质特性进行了研究。依据形态及16SrRNA基因序列分析,海洋细菌00856归于芽孢杆菌属(SCSIO 00856)。利用所选择的细菌培养基,在一定的培养条件(28℃,pH 7.0)下,该菌株的次级代谢产物对酿酒酵母、金黄色葡萄球菌有一定程度的抑制活性。同时,在培养6d时,该菌产生的生物活性物质对酿酒酵母抑菌效果最好。利用滤纸片法测定产物活性,以抑菌物质高产为目标,利用正交试验的方法优化了培养基的配比。结果表明,用酿酒酵母作为指示菌,以海盐素26.25g/L、葡萄糖12g/L、酵母浸粉3g/L、磷酸二氢钾3g/L、麦芽浸粉5g/L为培养基发酵培养6d,海洋细菌00856产抑菌活性物质最多。 相似文献
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短小芽孢杆菌X93及胞外产物抑菌活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从健康养殖大黄鱼肠道中筛选出对病原弧菌有拮抗作用的潜在益生菌株X93,利用细菌快速鉴定系统和16S rDNA方法进行细菌种类鉴定;通过点种法对其抗菌谱进行测定;采用平板扩散法,研究了培养时间、温度、盐度、蛋白酶K和Fe3+等因素对其胞外产物抑菌活性的影响。结果显示:该菌株为短小芽孢杆菌(GenBank accession No.HM137033);对20株病原指示菌中的13株均产生不同程度的抑制作用,抗菌谱较广;菌株培养48 h后的胞外产物抑菌作用最强;在pH为7时,抑菌活性最大;达到最大抑菌活性的温度和盐度分别为28 ℃、5;蛋白酶K和不同浓度的FeCl3均会降低其抑菌活性。该菌对病原弧菌、迟缓爱德华菌和嗜水气单胞菌等水产上常见主要致病菌有良好的拮抗效果,且具有抑菌作用的胞外产物对温度、盐度和Fe3+有一定的适应范围,适宜作为益生菌株,有望在实际养殖环境中得到应用。 相似文献
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从海水养殖水体中防腐钢片的微生物黏膜上分离筛选到一株细菌,命名为DL2.采用琼脂扩散法进行体外抑菌实验,测定其抑菌谱,发现菌株DL2具有较广泛的抑菌谱,并且对致病性弧菌表现出较强的抑菌作用.通过常规生理生化研究和细菌鉴定系统测试,发现菌株DL2属于革兰氏阴性菌,短杆状,具极生单鞭毛,菌落呈褐色,能产生浅褐色扩散性色素,测试结果表明,菌株DL2与Phaeobacter属细菌的特征非常相似.为了进一步确定菌株DL2的分类学地位,测定了其16S rRNA基因序列,与相关细菌种属相应序列的同源性进行比较并构建了系统关系树,结果显示,菌株DL2与Phaeobacter inhibens的亲缘关系最近,相似性达99.8%,与Phaeobacter gallaeciensis相似性达99.1%.综合上述结果,菌株DL2可鉴定为Phaeobacter inhibens,同时可以将其作为潜在的海洋有益菌应用于水产养殖中. 相似文献
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本研究从泥鳅养殖水体、底泥、健康泥鳅和患病泥鳅肠道等环境中采集样品,从中分离纯化出对凡隆气单胞菌具有拮抗作用的细菌57株.在TSB平板上采用牛津杯法进行体外拮抗实验,筛选出一株对凡隆气单胞菌具有明显拮抗作用的菌株CMA-1,经形态观察、生理生化鉴定和16SrDNA序列系统发育分析,将该菌鉴定并命名为Bacillus methylotrophicus CMA-1.菌株CMA-1生长24 h后进入稳定期,36 h时发酵上清液抑菌活性达到最大.对菌株CMA-1的发酵上清液采用硫酸铵分级沉淀,测得75％硫酸铵饱和度下的沉淀粗提物抑菌活性最高. 相似文献
6.
产胞外多糖的近海海洋细菌的筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海洋微生物是海洋生物的重要组成部分,海洋微生物可产生大量不同于陆生生物的活性物质,是重要的海洋药物资源。实验所用泥样采集于黄海近海海岸,对其进行海洋细菌的分离与纯化,获得了25株纯化的海洋细菌。采用苯酚-硫酸法和乙醇沉淀法检测这些菌株的发酵液中是否含有胞外多糖,进一步筛选出胞外多糖的高产菌株。实验结果表明,胞外多糖产量高于0．22g／L的菌株共7株,占总测定菌株数的28％,胞外多糖产量高于0．20g／L的菌株共13株,占总测定菌株数的52％。有48％的菌株胞外多糖产量介于0．19g／L和0．20g／L之间。其中以MBN003中多糖含量为最高,产量达到0．2305g／L。此研究结果表明MBN003菌株具有较高的产胞外多糖能力,可以选用MBN003作为胞外多糖提取物研究的来源。 相似文献
7.
福建大连1号杂交鲍肠道及养殖水体中细菌产酶能力的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从大连1号杂交鲍养殖水体及肠道中分离出18株弧菌和32株异养型细菌,对其进行革兰氏染色及产胞外酶能力的分析。结果表明,养殖水体中分离出的14株弧菌和22株异养细菌,共有22株(61.1%)具有分泌脂肪酶、卵磷脂酶、明胶酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶或溶血毒素的能力;鲍肠道分离出的4株弧菌和10株异养细菌,共有9株(64.3%)具有此产酶能力。但总体上,从水体中分离出的菌株的产酶能力要强于从鲍肠道中分离出的菌株,且数量更多,尤其是水体中异养细菌。在所有的50株菌株中,有2株(4%)具有产3种酶(脂肪酶、卵磷脂酶和溶血素)的能力;有9(18%)株具有产2种酶的能力。产酶菌株大部分为革兰氏阴性。本次试验对鲍肠道及养殖水体中菌株产酶能力进行了分析,为大连1号杂交鲍在南方的健康养殖提供科学依据。 相似文献
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大闸蟹肠道中产酶菌株及其胞外酶的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
从健康成年大闸蟹肠道中分离出细菌36株。革兰氏染色结果表明，11株为革兰氏阳性菌，25株为革兰氏阴性菌。52．8％的菌株能分泌蛋白酶，44．4％的菌株能分泌脂肪酶，58．3％的菌株能分泌淀粉酶，41．7％的菌株能分泌纤维素酶。36株菌均能产酶，其中产4种酶的有1株，产3种酶的有9株，产2种酶的有14株。由于这些产酶菌株的作用，使得大闸蟹的肠道菌群能够维持平衡，提高饲料的消化利用率，促进大闸蟹生长。 相似文献
11.
Pavlos Makridis Silvia Martins Matina Tsalavouta Lidia Catalão Dionisio Giorgos Kotoulas Antonis Magoulas & Maria Teresa Dinis 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(16):1619-1627
Intestinal bacteria in marine fish may produce antimicrobial substances which inhibit pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a change of fish diet on the antimicrobial activity of the culturable aerobic gut microflora of Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis. Pre‐adult 15‐month‐old fish previously fed on an artificial diet, were fed polychaetes (Hediste diversicolor), which form part of the natural diet of Senegalese sole. Samples were taken0, 3 and 6 weeks after start of the experiment from the stomach, small and large intestine of the fish. The bacterial strains isolated from these samples were sub‐cultured to pure cultures and stored at ?80°C. Several biochemical tests were run to obtain some basic phenotypic characteristics of the isolated strains. Amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA fragments were used to identify the majority of the bacterial strains isolated. The identification by use of this molecular approach gave results in agreement to the phenotypic characterization. Feeding with polychaetes significantly increased (P<0.05) the numbers of presumptive Vibrio isolates in the gut. The number of bacterial strains with antimicrobial activity, as determined by two in vitro approaches, was significantly (P<0.05) increased by feeding with polychaetes. 相似文献
12.
A marine vibrio (strain C33) having inhibitory effects on the growth of the pathogen Vibrio anguillarum-VAR was isolated from seawater used in mass culture of the north-Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. This bacterial isolate demonstrated broad inhibitory activity on several bacterial strains, including some pathogenic vibrios. Ethyl acetate extracts of extracellular products of strain C33 were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and three fractions thus obtained were found to have antimicrobial activity when tested using microplate bioassays. One of the fractions (A2) having marked antimicrobial activity, was further purified using TLC and analyzed by IR spectrophotometry and NMR'H and was characterized on a preliminary basis as an aliphatic hydroxyl ether. This compound demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against the important marine pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. splendidus, and as discussed in the paper, may be useful in developing natural strategies for the control of pathogens in mass cultures of Argopecten purpuratus and possibly other molluscs affected by these bacteria. 相似文献
13.
Faouzi Lamari Khouadja Sadok Amina Bakhrouf François-Joël Gatesoupe 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(2):699-709
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from rotifer cultures in a marine hatchery to search for potential probiotics for marine animals. Fifteen strains were first selected among a total of 55, according to antibacterial activity against Vibrio sp. Among eight strains identified as Lactobacillus casei, four were highly adhesive, suggesting some ability for surface colonization. The other strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus dextrinicus, and Leuconostoc sp. To validate probiotic potential, Artemia were challenged against pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus, with or without one of six selected LAB strains. The six strains protected Artemia against the pathogen, to some extent on condition that nutrient enrichment was provided. La. casei BR51 and X2 were preferred, as they were efficient even in the absence of nutrient supply. La. casei X2 was finally selected as candidate probiotic, due to the best growth performances of Artemia, with or without the pathogen. 相似文献
14.
硅烷化表面海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探讨厚壳贻贝稚贝对自然微生物膜中海洋细菌的附着行为反应,本论文研究了厚壳贻贝（Mytilus coruscus）稚贝附着与硅烷基化附着基表面、微生物膜密度以及细菌种属系统发育之间的相互关系。研究表明所测海洋细菌均能显著促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着;其中Staphylococcus sp. 1和Cobetia sp. 1表现出较低诱导活性,且这两株细菌形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间无显著相关性;其他7株海洋细菌均表现出中等程度诱导活性,且所形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间呈显著相关性。系统发育分析表明所测海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的诱导活性与细菌种属无关。因而,硅烷基化表面的海洋附着细菌对厚壳贻贝附着有着显著性促进作用,本研究将为后续开展厚壳贻贝稚贝附着机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
15.
Antibiotic resistance in potentially bacteriocinogenic probiotic bacteria in aquaculture environments 
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下载免费PDF全文 Juliana A Resende Marina L Borges Kelly D Pacheco Izabella H Ribeiro Dioneia E Cesar Vânia L Silva Cláudio G Diniz Ana Carolina M Apolônio 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2113-2119
Bacteriocin‐producing bacteria in aquaculture may prevent spreading of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, and could be used as an alternative to the empirical use of antimicrobial drugs, especially for prophylaxis. Bacteriocinogenic bacteria inoculated as probiotics should not carry undesirable traits, such as antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to find potentially bacteriocinogenic bacteria in an aquaculture system and evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Selective cultures for enterobacteria, non‐fermenting Gram‐negative rods and Gram‐positive cocci were obtained from water samples before bacterial isolation and biochemical identification. Overall, 160 representative strains were recovered and for 57 antagonism was observed against selected strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, with antagonism being expressed better on Brain Heart Infusion medium. After exclusion of interfering factors, bacteriocin or bacteriocin‐like substances were suggested to be related to the antagonism observed. Higher drug‐resistant rates were observed among potentially bacteriocinogenic bacteria for different antimicrobials of clinical relevance. Although antibiotic resistance is a global health problem and bacteriocins are attractive alternatives to classical antibiotic even to multiresistant bacteria, the data obtained suggest that bacteriocin‐producing bacteria may harbour resistance genes available for transference in different environments. From the ecological and biotechnological perspective, antimicrobial susceptibility tests must be always performed when prospecting potentially bacteriocinogenic bacteria as probiotic candidates in the environment. 相似文献
16.
Phyu Phyu THAN Carmelo S . DEL CASTILLO Takeshi YOSHIKAWA Taizo SAKATA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(4):659-666
ABSTRACT: Fourteen bacterial strains isolated from marine environments exhibited antagonistic action against a wide range of bacteria including Vibrio spp. A double layer agar method was used for preliminary screening to determine the relative degree of growth inhibition or bacteriolysis exhibited by the isolates. Most of the antagonistic isolates were found to be Gram-negative, motile rods and were oxidase positive, and oxidative in the oxidation and fermentation test, suggesting that they are belong to the genera Pseudomonas . The antagonistic isolates lyzed the dead cells of marine Gram-negative bacteria in both plate and liquid methods. Bacteriolytic and casein hydrolytic activities were observed in the culture supernatant of the isolates. Anion exchange column chromatography (Toyopearl DEAE-650 M) was used to purify the extracellular protease produced by an antagonistic strain A1-J25a. The active fractions of protease collected from the eluted solution also exhibited bacteriolytic activity. 相似文献
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纳豆菌抗菌肽APNT-6对凡纳滨对虾的低温保鲜效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解决因凡纳滨对虾货架期短而滥用化学保鲜剂等问题,实验通过微生物发酵,柱状色谱纯化得到一种新型生物保鲜剂——纳豆菌抗菌肽APNT-6,采用牛津杯法测定了其对凡纳滨对虾腐败菌的抑菌效果,并用浸保鲜剂方式将抗菌肽应用于凡纳滨对虾保鲜,通过测定对照组和保鲜剂组在(4±1)℃贮藏过程中的pH、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、细菌总数、感官评分等鲜度指标的变化规律,评价了抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾在(4±1)℃贮藏条件下保鲜效果。结果表明,纳豆菌抗菌肽APNT-6对凡纳滨对虾中Pseudomonas、Shewanella等8株腐败菌有良好的抑菌效果,经0.5 mg/mL抗菌肽保鲜剂处理后,保鲜剂组在(4±1)℃贮藏过程中pH、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)和细菌总数增加缓慢,货架期延长了2～3 d。 相似文献
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Marine-derived actinomycetes (87 strains isolated from seaweed and 98 strains isolated from marine sediment) were screened for antimicrobial activity against bacterial fish pathogens. The most potent active strain (PK288-21) isolated from the rhizosphere of the marine seaweed Undaria pinnatifida was identified as Streptomyces atrovirens by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Two active compounds were isolated from a culture extract of strain PK288-21 by silica-gel flash chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the two compounds were identified as 2-hydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzaldehyde (B1) and 2-hepta-1,5-dienyl-3,6-dihydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) benzaldehyde (B2) by nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution fast atomic bombardment mass spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of the two compounds were tested against bacterial fish pathogens and expressed in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Metabolite production was found to be optimized in A1BFe medium following the screening of eight different media. The two compounds killed Edwardsiella tarda after 12?h and Streptococcus iniae after 16?h at the MIC. Compound B1, 2-hydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzaldehyde, is a new benzaldehyde derivative, and this is the first time that either of these compounds have been reported in the genus Streptomyces. 相似文献